2. Say whether these statements are true (t) of false (f) and if they are false, say why.

1. An emotional reaction is limited to its overt behavioral component.

2. An emotional reaction is a subjective one.

3. Emotions are behavior motivators.

4. All psychologists have come to a consensus when classifying emotions.

5. Fear is a negative emotion.

6. All theorists agree that any emotion involves a physiological, visceral response.

3. In his book “Emotional Intelligence” D. Goleman gives the following list of 8 core emotions: anger, sadness, fear, enjoyment, love, surprise, distaste, shame.

According to D. Goleman, each of them comprises a lot of variations and nuances. Here is a list of them:

anxiety, annoyance, apprehension, amusement, acceptance, astonishment, amazement, aversion, cheerlessness, contempt, despair, delight, devotion, euphoria, ecstasy, embarrassment, fury, fright, friendliness, grief, gloom, guilt, hatred, hostility, happiness, irritability, joy, kindness, loneliness, melancholy, nervousness, phobia, panic, pride, sensual pleasure, regret, sorrow, self-pity, satisfaction, shock, scorn, trust, wonder.

a) Match each emotion with one of the 8 core emotions given above.

b) Express your opinion about the 8 core emotions singled out by D. Goleman. (Mind that his classification is not universally accepted)

4. Read the text translating the word combinations from Russian intо English.

Anxiety and elation are two commonly experienced emotions. Love, anger, and sadness are others. Emotions are states of feeling. For most people, positive emotions such as happiness and love make life worth living, 1. постоянные отрицательные эмоции such as fear, anger, and sadness can make life difficult. Some emotions are experienced 2. в ответ на to a person’s situation.

Emotions have biological, cognitive and behavioral components. Strong emotions 3. вызывают деятельность in the autonomic nervous system. For example, anxiety 4. тормозит активность of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. When people are anxious, their 5. учащается сердцебиение. They 6. быстро дышат, sweat heavily, and tense their muscles. The cognitive component of anxiety – the idea that something terrible might happen – may lead a person to 7. пытается уйти from the situation. But where do emotions come from and how many does the average person experience?

The ancient Chinese believed that there are four inborn (instinctive) human emotions: happiness, anger, sorrow, and fear. Behaviorist John B. Watson (1924) believed that there are three instinctive emotions: fear, rage, and love. In 1932, psychologist Katherine Bridges proposed that people are born with one basic emotion: 8. общее возбуждение. This excitement then 9. делится на другие emotions as children develop.

5 a). One question that is asked repeatedly is “what are the basic emotions.”  There have been dozens of answers to this, none of which have been completely satisfying.  There are some scientists who suggest organizing all emotions into seven families. Match these seven families with the emotions.

Families:

1. The Surprise Family

2. The Fear Family

3. The Anger Family

4. The Sadness Family

5. The Eagerness Family

6. The Happiness Family

7. The Boredom Family

Emotions:

a) threat, terror, anxiety, doubt, caution, suspicion

b) anticipation, excitement, confidence, hopefulness, curiosity, interest

c) startle, astonishment, bewilderment, confusion, shock

d) ennui, complacency, boredom

e) sorrow, depression, anguish, despair, grief, loneliness, shame, embarrassment, humiliation, guilt, remorse, regret

f) elation, joy, gladness, contentment, satisfaction, contentment, satisfaction, self-satisfaction, pride, love, affection, compassion, amusement, humor, laughter

g) envy, jealousy, disgust, contempt, annoyance, indignation

b) Answer the following questions:

1. What do you think about this qualification?

2. Can you add more emotions to every family?

c) Make up 7 sentences using one word from every family.