Grammar the subjunctive mood in complex sentences (continued)

3.Adverbial clauses of comparison and predicative clauses

The Subjunctive Mood is used in adverbial clauses of comparison introduced by the conjunctions as if and as though and in predicative clauses introduced by the conjunctions as if, as though when we find the link verbs to be, to feel, to look, to seem in the principal clause. If the action of the subordinate clause is simultaneous with that of the principal clause the Present Subjunctive II is used; if the action of the subordinate clause is prior to that of the principal clause the Past Subjunctive II is used.

e.g.

She speaks (spoke) about him as if Вона говорить (говорила)

she knew him well.(comparison) про нього так, ніби вона його

гарно знає (знала).

She speaks (spoke) about him as if Вона говорить (говорила) про she had known him for years. нього так, неначе знає (знала) (comparison) його багато років.

He looks as if he were ill. У нього такий вигляд, ніби він (predicative) хворий.

He looks as if he had been ill У нього такий вигляд, ніби він for a long time. (predicative) хворіє вже довгий час.

4.Object clauses.

When we find the verbs order, suggest, propose, demand, desire, insist, be anxious in the principal clause then in object clause the Present Suppositional or Subjunctive I is used.

e. g. He proposes that everything Він пропонує, щоб все було (should) be ready by 5. готове до 5 години.

She insisted that the son Вона наполягала, щоб син лягав

(should) go to bed. спати.

Exercises

1.Translate into Ukrainian.

A.

1.She greeted him as if he were her brother. 2.She just stood there as if she did not mind. 3.He generally behaved as though he had done nothing out of the way. 4. She shook hands with him as though they had known each other all their lives. 5.The cow turned the head as if she knew us.

B.

1.Now I feel as if you had never been away. 2. He looks as if he knew something. 3.She felt as if she did not know him. 4.She felt as if she had long known him. 5.Kate felt a bitter taste in his mouth. It was as if he had done something wrong.

C.

1.John suggested that he should book seats for the theatre. 2.Dr. Ingram demanded that Mr. Nicholas be given a room. 3. My brother suggested that I give up smoking. 4. “Did Mr. Smith insist that I should confirm our telephone conversation by letter?” asked Mr. Brown. 5.Charles’s mother insisted that Mendoza should discourage her son from becoming a painter.

2.Choose the right form of the verb from the brackets.

1.I’m as indifferent to him as if he … a stranger (is/are/was/were/had been). 2.I have a curious feeling as though your face … familiar to me (is/are/was/were/had been). 3.The manager stared at him as though he … a prehistoric monster (is/are/was/were/has been/had been). 4.She looked at him with a little affectionate smile, as though she …a girl of seventeen (is/are/was/were/has been/had been). 5.”Isn’t it strange! George exclaimed, “I only met you this evening and yet I feel as if I … you all my life” (know/knows/knew/has known/had known). 6.His mother looked as if she … a sleepless night (spend/spends/had spent). 7.It doesn’t sound as though it … much fun (is/was/were).

3 .Make up five sentences using “as if”, “as though”.

4.Transform the sentences according to the model.

M O D E L : It would be good if we invited the Browns to the party ( I suggest). -

I suggest that we should invite the Browns to the party.

1.It would be good if you made an appointment with Mr. Black for next Tuesday ( I suggest). 2. It would be good if we discussed the matter next day (He insists). 3. It would be good if John did his homework every day (The teacher demanded). 4.It would be good if you congratulated him (I insist). 5.It would be good if you went to the doctor’s now (He insisted). 6. It would be good if they staged the young playwright’s play (I suggested).

5.Translate into English.

1.Він не сказав їй ні слова , наче не знав її. 2.Він так доглядав за тваринами, наче мав гарний досвід. 3.Вона говорила так, наче знала тему багато років. 4.Він мав такий вигляд, наче відпочивав декілька днів. 5.Він дивився в кімнату, наче там нікого не було. 6.Сьогодні так тепло, ніби вже весна. 7.У неї такий вигляд, ніби вона дуже стомлена. 8.Він так говорить, ніби нічого не знає про це. 9.Вона мала таке відчуття, наче бачила його раніше. 10.У студентів був такий вигляд, наче вони працювали цілий день в полі. 11.Земля мала такий вигляд, наче її копали. 12.Схоже було, що він не застав її вдома. 13. У нас було таке відчуття, наче ми відкрили таємницю. 14.Д-р Інгрем вимагав, щоб Джиму Ніколосу надали номер в цьому готелі. 15.Джим наполягав, щоб ми уважно вивчили їх пропозиції. 16.Я пропоную привітати молодих спортсменів з успіхом. 17. Джон наполягав, щоб вони самостійно виконали цю роботу. 18.Я пропоную здійснити поїздку по стародавнім містам Середньої Азії. 19.Майкл наполягав, щоб ми уважно вивчили ці документи.

TOPIC

1.Remember the following words and word combinations:

valley mayor in turn survive plague damage tremendous display Abbey conquest naval victory

долина мер по черзі пережити чума збиток жахливий, величезний виставка абатство завоювання перемога флоту

2.Read and translate paying attention to the active words and word combinations.

LONDON. SIGHTS OF LONDON.

London, the capital of Great Britain, lies in the valley of the Thames. “Greater London” stretches for over thirty miles from the north to south and for over thirty miles from east to west. Its population is over eight million people. London is the biggest industrial and cultural centre of Great Britain. It is also a very big port, one of the greatest commercial centres in the world, a universal city, and the seat of the government of Great Britain.

The first mayor of London was elected in 1193 but for more than a thousand years before that London had been a place of some importance. The Romans, the Saxons and the Danes settled here in turn, and after them the Normans came. London survived the Plague, which killed nearly 100,000 people, and the Great Fire which followed. Little damage occurred during World War I, but World War II brought tremendous destruction. Many buildings of great historic value were laid in ruins and today the face of London is changed. Yet much was spared, including the Tower, St. Paul’s and Westminster Abbey.

One of the oldest buildings in London is the Tower. William the Conqueror, the first Norman king, built it in the eleventh century. For hundreds of years the Tower was used as a fortress, a residence of kings and a prison. The most popular sights in the Tower nowadays is the Jewel House in which the Crown jewels are on display.

St. Paul’s Cathedral is not very far from the Tower. The cathedral, the most striking building in the city, was designed by Sir Christopher Wren, an outstanding British architect.

The City of London is a very small part of the whole, it is only one square mile in area but it is the most important banking and commercial centre of the country. Every day over a million white-collar workers come to the city offices and banks.

If you walk westwards from St. Paul’s you reach Fleet Street. Here the most important newspapers and news-agencies have their offices.

Walking along the Strand you can reach the Houses of Parliament. The new building for the Houses of Parliament was built in 1840 on the site of the old Palace of Westminster. Big Ben, the most accurate clock in the world, is in the Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament.

Opposite the Houses of Parliament stands Westminster Abbey, famous for its architecture and historical associations. Nearly all kings and queens have been crowned in the Abbey, since the time of the Conquest. Chaucer, Spencer, Tennyson, Dickens and many other famous men and writers were buried there. In the Poet’s Corner there are memorials to Shakespeare, Milton, Burns, Byron and other poets and writers.

One of the most beautiful places in London is Trafalgar Square. It was named in the memory of Lord Nelson’s great naval victory. Admiral Lord Nelson is the Britain’s national hero who defeated the French fleet in the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. A high column was built in his memory. It stands in the centre of Trafalgar Square. At the base of Nelson’s Column are four great lions. The square is usually full of visitors feeding pigeons or watching the traffic.

Buckingham Palace is the residence of the British monarch. When the queen is here the royal standard is flying on the roof.

One of London’s attractions is its parks, Hyde Park the most famous of them.

There are many other historical buildings and museums in London.

3.Answer these questions.

1.What is London?

2.When was the first mayor of London elected?

3.What were the sad pages in London’s history?

4.Who built the Tower? What was it used for? What is it now?

5.What is the commercial centre of London?

6.What is the Clock Tower of the Houses of Parliament famous for?

7.Where are the British kings and Queens crowned?

8.What historical event is the name of Trafalgar Square connected with?

9.What shows that the queen is in Buckingham Palace?

4.Speak on the following.

1.If you could visit only three places of interest in London, which would you choose and why?

2.Is London similar to or different from your capital city?

3.Name the most impressive places in London.