- •Table of Contents
- •Chapter 1. Introducing Interpersonal Communication Theory
- •I. Naïve and Scientific Knowledge (Michael’s Sound Bite 1-1)
- •II. Defining Communication
- •III. Understanding Communication Models
- •IV. What is Interpersonal Communication?
- •V. Martin Buber’s Continuum
- •VI. Principles of Interpersonal Communication
- •VII. Needs and Goals of Interpersonal Communication
- •VIII. Doing Communication Research:
- •IX. Issues in Interpersonal Communication
- •X. Learning Interpersonal Communication
- •Practice
- •I. Opening Story: Starting the Discussion
- •II. Terms
- •III. Names
- •IV. Recap Questions
- •V. Self-Reflection Items
- •VI. Creative Assignment Focus on Culture
- •Film: Driving Miss Daisy
- •Relationship Problem
- •1. Moving along buber continuum
- •2. Conflicting perspectives on communication
- •3. Identifying causes behind online problems
- •VII. Extra Credit: Quiz
- •Quiz 1. Ethics of Interpersonal Communication
- •Quiz 2.
- •Chapter 2. Considering Self Theory
- •I. Components of Self
- •II. Sources of Self
- •III. Presenting Your Self
- •Improving Your Online Self-Presentation
- •IV. Social Penetration Theory
- •V. The Johari Window
- •VI. Self Disclosure
- •VII. Goffman’s Dramaturgy Metaphor (Michael’s Sound Bite 2-5):
- •VIII. Online Test of Your Johari Window (Michael’s Sound Bite 2-6):
- •Practice
- •I. Opening Story: Starting the Discussion
- •II. Terms
- •III. Names
- •IV. Recap Questions
- •V. Self-Reflection Items
- •VI. Creative Assignment
- •Focus on Culture
- •Film: Forrest Gump
- •Relationship Problem
- •VII. Extra Credit: Quiz
- •Quiz 1. Your Self-Esteem
- •Quiz 2. Your Self-Disclosure
- •Chapter 3. Perceiving Others Theory
- •I. Perception as a Process
- •II. Creating Explanations
- •III. Experiencing Uncertainty
- •IV. Influences on Perception
- •V. Impression formation
- •VI. Algebraic Impression (Weight of Belief)
- •VII. Stereotyping
- •VIII. Improving Perceptions
- •Practice
- •I. Opening Story: Starting the Discussion
- •II. Terms
- •III. Names
- •IV. Recap Questions
- •V. Self-Reflection Items
- •VI. Creative Assignment
- •Focus on Culture
- •Film: December Boys
- •Relationship Problem
- •Improving your communication online
- •VII. Extra Credit: Quiz
- •Quiz 1. Test Your Self-Esteem
- •Quiz 2. Test Your Self Disclosure
- •Chapter 4. Experiencing and Expressing Emotions Theory
- •I. Defining Emotions
- •II. Communicating Emotions
- •III. Types of Emotions
- •IV. Forces Shaping Emotions
- •V. Managing Your Emotional Expression
- •VI. Online Communication and Emotion
- •VI. Anger
- •VII. Passion
- •VIII. Grief
- •Practice
- •I. Opening Story: Starting the Discussion
- •II. Terms
- •III. Names
- •IV. Recap Questions
- •V. Self-Reflection Items
- •VI. Creative Assignment Focus on Culture
- •Film: Kramer vs Kramer
- •Relationship Problem
- •VII. Extra Credit: Quiz
- •Quiz 1. Emotional Intelligence
- •Quiz 2: Testing Chronicle Hostility
- •Colloquium 1: The Game
- •III. Functions of Listening
- •IV. Listening Styles
- •V. Gender Differences in Listening Styles
- •VI. Culture and Listening
- •VII. Preventing Ineffective Listening
- •VII. Dialogic Listening
- •Practice
- •I. Opening Story: Starting the Discussion
- •II. Terms
- •III. Names
- •IV. Recap Questions
- •V. Self-Reflection Items
- •VI. Creative Assignment Focus on Culture
- •Film: Groundhog Day
- •Relationship Problem
- •VII. Extra Credit: Quiz
- •Quiz 1. Identifying Listening Functions
- •Quiz 2. Discover Listening Styles
- •Chapter 6. Communicating Verbally Theory
- •I. Characteristics of Verbal Communication
- •II. Functions of Verbal Communication
- •III. Cooperative Verbal Communication
- •IV. Barriers to Cooperative Verbal Communication
- •V. Conversation Analysis Short Course
- •Practice
- •I. Opening Story: Starting the Discussion
- •II. Terms
- •III. Names
- •IV. Recap Questions
- •V. Self-Reflection Items
- •VI. Creative Assignment Focus on Culture
- •Film: King’s Speech
- •Relationship Problem
- •VII. Extra Credit: Quiz
- •Quiz 1. American Dialects
- •Quiz 2: Deception Acceptance
- •Chapter 7. Communicating Nonverbally Theory
- •I. Principles of Nonverbal Communication
- •II. Nonverbal Communication Codes:
- •III. Nonverbal behavior classification according to Bill Ausmus and Joseph DeVito
- •IV. Kinesics
- •V. Vocalics
- •VI. Haptics (Tactilics)
- •VII. Proxemics
- •VIII. Chronemics
- •IX. Physical Appearance
- •X. Communicating Through Objects
- •XI. Communicating through the Environment
- •XI. Olfactory Communication
- •XII. Functions of Nonverbal Communication
- •XIII. Responsibly Managing Our Nonverbal Communication
- •Practice
- •I. Opening Story: Starting the Discussion
- •II. Terms
- •III. Names
- •IV. Recap Questions
- •V. Self-Reflection Items
- •VI. Creative Assignment Focus on Culture
- •Film: Extreme Makeover
- •Relationship Problem
- •VII. Extra Credit: Quiz
- •Quiz 1: m-Time or p-Time?
- •Quiz 2: Nonverbal Dominance Notes
- •Chapter 8. Developing Interpersonal Competence Theory
- •I. What is Interpersonal Competence?
- •II. Improving Communication Competence
- •III. Using Rhetorical Messages
- •IV. Improving Your Competence Online
- •V. What is Intercultural Competence?
- •VI. Preventing Intercultural Incompetence
- •Practice
- •I. Opening Story: Starting the Discussion
- •II. Terms
- •III. Names
- •IV. Recap Questions
- •V. Self-Reflection Items
- •VI. Creative Assignment Focus on Culture
- •Film: The Devil Wears Prada
- •Relationship Problem
- •VII. Extra Credit: Quiz
- •Quiz 1: Self-Monitoring
- •Quiz 2: Intercultural Competence
- •Chapter 9. Managing Conflict and Power Theory
- •I. What is Conflict?
- •II. Conflict in Relationships
- •III. Power and Conflict
- •IV. Power Currencies
- •V. Power and Culture
- •VI. Power and Gender
- •VII. Conflict Handling Styles
- •VIII. Barriers to Constructive Conflict
- •IX. Conflict Resolutions and Outcomes
- •X. Influence of Gender, Culture and Technology on Conflict
- •Practice
- •I. Opening Story: Starting the Discussion
- •II. Terms
- •III. Names
- •IV. Recap Questions
- •V. Self-Reflection Items
- •VI. Creative Assignment Focus on Culture
- •Film: The Queen
- •Relationship Problem
- •VII. Extra Credit: Quiz
- •Quiz 1: High or Low Power Distance
- •Quiz 2: Conflict Approach
- •Colloquium 2. The problem Chapter 10. Relationships with Romantic Partners Theory I. Defining Romantic Relationships
- •II. Key Elements of Romantic Relationships
- •III. Influences on Romantic Attraction
- •IV. Technology and Romantic Attraction
- •V. Stages of Romantic Relationships According to Mark Knapp
- •VI. Maintaining Romantic Relationships
- •VII. Dark Side of Romantic Relationships
- •Practice
- •I. Opening Story: Starting the Discussion
- •II. Terms
- •III. Names
- •IV. Recap Questions
- •V. Self-Reflection Items
- •VI. Creative Assignment Focus on Culture
- •Infidelity internationally
- •Film: On Golden Pond
- •Relationship Problem
- •VII. Extra Credit: Quiz
- •Quiz 1: Love Attitude
- •Quiz 2: Betraying Romantic Partner
- •Chapter 11. Relationships with Family and Friends Theory
- •I. Defining Family
- •II. Types of Families
- •III. Communication Patterns in Family
- •IV. Maintaining Family Relationships
- •V. Dealing with Family Tensions
- •VI. Defining Friendship
- •VII. Different Types of Friendships
- •VIII. Gender and Friendship
- •Practice
- •I. Opening Story: Starting the Discussion
- •II. Terms
- •III. Names
- •IV. Recap Questions
- •V. Self-Reflection Items
- •VI. Creative Assignment Focus on Culture
- •Film: Legends of the Fall
- •Relationship Problem
- •VII. Extra Credit: Quiz
- •Quiz 1: Communication Patterns in the Family
- •Quiz 2: What Kind of a Friend I Am?
- •Chapter 12. Relationships in the Workplace Theory
- •I. Defining Workplace Relationships
- •II. Workplace Culture
- •III. Supportive and Defensive Organizational Climate
- •IV. Maintaining Peer Relationships
- •V. Maintaining Mixed Status Relationships
- •VI. Workplace Abuse
- •VII. Sexual Harassment
- •Practice
- •I. Opening Story: Starting the Discussion
- •II. Terms
- •III. Names
- •IV. Recap Questions
- •V. Self-Reflection Items
- •VI. Creative Assignment Focus on Culture
- •Film: The Exam
- •Relationship Problem
- •VII. Extra Credit: Quiz
- •Quiz 1: Testing Maintenance of Peer Relationships
- •Quiz 2: Perception of Sexual Harassment
- •Colloquium 3: the paper
Relationship Problem
Follow Steve’s algorithm to answer all the questions posed. Please write at least ONE good paragraph in response to each stage in Steve’s plan, referring to at least ONE concept from the chapter in each.
DEALING WITH WORKPLACE ABUSE
Workplace relationships and interactions always provide unanticipated challenges. But when supervisors abuse your trust in ways that are difficult to forgive, you must choose between maintaining peer friendships or preserving your own sense of honor. To consider how you might deal with such a situation, read the case study and work through the five steps that follow.
CASE STUDY
You take a job delivering pizzas to help pay for school. The restaurant has a supportive climate— workers are friendly and open. The delivery drivers in particular have a tight clique that they welcome you into, and you quickly become friends with several of them.
The only exception to the warmth of your new workplace is the manager, Cheryl. She is controlling, manipulative, and dogmatic and tries to run the restaurant “by the book.” The drivers warn you to watch out for her, telling you, “She’s really screwed people over before.” But you get along with her pretty well because of your exemplary work performance and positive attitude.
The most important workplace rule for drivers is to never leave your money pouch unattended.
The money pouch is the zippered bag into which you put all cash from sales. For safety’s sake, drivers are supposed to deposit cash after every delivery run, but when things get hectic, drivers often forget—resulting in accumulated cash in the pouches.
One night you’re on a run, but when a customer pays you, you discover you’re missing your pouch. You hadn’t deposited your money all night, and there was over $300 in it. Arriving back at the store, you tell Cheryl, and she says, “If it’s lost, company policy requires that you cover the missing money from your next paycheck!” This means you’re not going to be able to afford next month’s rent, much less food and gas! You tear your car and the restaurant apart looking for the pouch, and soon the other drivers are helping you search, offering their support and sympathies. But to no avail: after an hour, the pouch is still missing.
Sitting in despair, you begin to cry. Just then, Cheryl walks up, and with a smirk, hands you your pouch. “You left it unattended on the delivery table earlier, so I hid it, to teach you a lesson!” You’re stunned, humiliated, and furious! After months of exemplary work performance, why would she abuse you like that? Your first instinct is to quit in protest, even though you can ill afford it. But quitting would hurt the other drivers—who would have to scramble to cover your shifts—and jeopardize your friendships with them. Should you stay, but confront Cheryl? Or just suck it up and say nothing? As you’re pondering these options, Cheryl says, “So, what lessons have you learned from this experience?”
YOUR TURN
While working through the following steps, keep in mind the interpersonal communication concepts, skills, and insights you’ve learned so far in this book, especially this chapter. Also remember: there are no right answers, so think
hard about the choice you make! (P.S. Need help? Review the concepts listed below.)
Step 1: Reflect on yourself. What are your thoughts and feelings in this situation? What attributions are you making about Cheryl and her behavior? Are your attributions accurate? Why or why not?
Step 2: Reflect on your supervisor. Using perspective-taking, put yourself in Cheryl’s shoes. Consider how she is thinking and feeling. How does she likely perceive you, and your behavior, in this situation?
Step 3: Identify the optimal outcome. Think about all that has happened in this situation. Consider your feelings, those of Cheryl, and the feelings of the other drivers. Given all these factors, what’s the best, most constructive relationship outcome possible here? Be sure to consider not just what’s best for you, but what’s best for everyone else.
Step 4: Locate the roadblocks. Taking into consideration your own thoughts and feelings, those of Cheryl, and all that has happened in this situation, what’s preventing you from achieving the optimal outcome you identified in step 3?
Step 5: Chart your course. What can you say and do to overcome the roadblocks and achieve your relationship outcome?
HELPFUL CONCEPTS
Workplace cliques, 407–408
Organizational climate, 409–413
Advocacy, 419–420
Workplace abuse, 426
Skill
USING TECHNOLOGY TO SOLVE ORGANIZATIONAL PROBLEMS
This exercise helps you use technology to solve organizational problems in a supportive climate.
➊ Identify a challenge faced by your group or organization.
➋ Create an online discussion group or community related to this issue.
➌ Describe the problem in neutral terms, avoiding assignment of blame.
➍ E-mail everyone in your work unit, inviting them to post potential solutions.
➎ Encourage open and honest debate of ideas.
➏ Avoid absolutes in your own suggestions.
➐ Invite discussion participants to critically assess your proposals.
SHARPENING YOUR ADVOCACY SKILLS
This exercise helps you sharpen your advocacy skills.
➊ Think of a situation in which you might use advocacy to influence someone who has more power than you.
➋ Write down the other person’s decisionmaking and communication preferences.
➌ Create and practice saying messages that embody the principles of advocacy. As you practice, ask yourself if others would be convinced by your messages.
➍ Revisit your situation, but this time, imagine you’re talking with people who disagree with you. Generate new messages to counter their objections.
➎ Choose the messages that will best help you advocate in your organization.
RESPONDING TO WORKPLACE ABUSE
This exercise helps you respond to workplace abuse.
➊ Put yourself in the role of the abuser.
➋ List the abuser’s communication behaviors and possible motivations for them. Be specific.
➌ Plan your responses. For each behavior, what would you say or do? Remember to factor in the abuser’s motivations.
➍ Assess the effectiveness of your responses. Would your responses likely generate positive or negative outcomes? What are the organizational repercussions of your responses?