II. Terms

In your essays for this course it is very important to use the terminology of communication science. Therefore, take time to learn the terms and their meanings in each chapter. In the face-to-face version of this course, various interactive techniques will be used to test your knowledge of the major terms. In the online version of the class you will review the terms independently. Make sure you use the terms referred to below in your essays.

Action-oriented listeners Aggressive listening Attending Back-channel cues Bizarreness effect Content-oriented listeners Dialogic listening Eavesdropping Functions of listening Mirroring Narcissistic listening Negative feedback

Noise pollution Paraphrasing Paraphrasing plus People-oriented listeners Positive feedback Pseudo listening Recalling Receiving Responding Salience Time-oriented listeners Understanding

III. Names

It is very important to remember the names of scholars who contributed to communication theory. Your essays will sound more professional if you make reference to the people mentioned in this brochure. In the face-to-face version of this course, and in the audio lectures that accompany the online version of this course the names of these scholars will be routinely used to refer to various concepts. Study the names of communication scholars and try to remember their contribution to the science.

Barker, Larry Coakley, Carolyn Levine, Timothy Logan, Carole

Stewart, John Thomas, L. Todd Watson, Kittie Wolvin, Andrew

IV. Recap Questions

Use the recap questions to see if you remember the main concepts discussed in the chapter. In the face-to-face version of this course recap questions will be asked at various points as we make connection between different concepts. In the online version of this course use the recap questions to check if you remember all the concepts discussed in the chapter.

1. Name the stages of listening.

2. What is salience?

3. How can we work on improving attendance?

4. How can we boost salience?

5. What types of feedback are there?

6. What is paraphrasing and clarifying?

7. In his sound bite, what does Michael say about paraphrasing plus and mirroring?

8. How can we boost recalling?

9. What are the functions of listening?

10. Name four listening styles.

11. What are gender differences in listening?

12. What are some cultural influences on listening?

13. How do we deal with the problem of selective listening?

14. Define the notions of eavesdropping, pseudo-listening, aggressive listening and narcissistic listening.

15. Listen to Michael’s sound bite on dialogical listening and take notes. What are the tools of dialogic listening offered by John Stewart and Carole Logan?

V. Self-Reflection Items

There are a total of eight self-reflection items (SRIs) in each chapter. For the online and face-to-face versions of the class alike, choose THREE items to discuss.

1. Communication Diary: Choose one of SRI to discuss privately with your teacher. Answer all the questions in the SRI. Refer to at least THREE concepts in the chapter in THREE good paragraphs, then summarize in the fourth paragraph. (20 points).

2. Communication Board Posting: Choose one of the SRIs to discuss openly with your fellow students. Follow the same rules as for CD1 but in the end ask ONE question of your fellow class-mates, a word of advice. (20 points).

3. Communication Board Comment: Write one good paragraph in response to the question posed by your classmate in pairs as assigned by the teacher (10 points).

1. Think about people to whom it’s easy to pay attention and listen. What makes these individuals salient? How do they differ from people to whom you find it difficult to pay attention?

What does this suggest about the factors that drive your attention?

2. Recall an encounter in which you were saying something important but the other person gave you negative feedback. How did the feedback affect your communication? Your relationship? Is negative feedback ever appropriate? If so, under which circumstances?

3. When you’re listening to others, what information is easiest to recall? What information do you forget? When you’re in an encounter that’s important but that you know will be difficult to recall later, what do you do to boost your recall?

4. Recall a situation in which you listened the wrong way. For instance, a friend needed you to listen supportively, but you listened to analyze. What led you to make this error? What consequences ensued from your mistake? What can you do in the future to avoid such listening mishaps?

5. Do your preferred listening styles match research on male/female differences?

How have your listening styles affected your communication with people of the same gender? The opposite gender?

6. What personal and professional consequences have you suffered because of your selective listening? What factors led you to selectively listen in those situations? How could you have overcome those factors to listen more actively?

7. When do you pseudo-listen to others? How do you feel and respond when you sense that someone has been pseudo-listening to you? Are there situations in which pseudo-listening is acceptable? If so, when?

8. How do you feel when people use narcissistic listening with you? Have you ever listened in a narcissistic way? If so, what led you to do it? Is narcissistic listening always incompetent, or is it acceptable in certain circumstances?