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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5787_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
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Isabella Björkman-Burtscher MD, PhD, received her medical degree and doctoral degree (PhD) from the Leopold-Franzens-University (1995), Innsbruck,
Austria. After moving to Sweden in 1995, she enrolled in a PhD program at Lund
University (LU) and received her PhD in diagnostic radiology in 1999 with a thesis
on MRS in brain tumors. She specialized in radiology and neuroradiology at Skåne
University Hospital (SUS), where she worked as a senior consultant, pediatric neuroradiologist, and senior lecturer at LU until 2018. She was appointed as the professor of neuroradiology at the University of Gothenburg and a senior consultant at
Sahlgrenska University Hospital (SU) in 2018, where she is currently working.
Enabling PhD students to follow their interests, research projects spanned from lung
tomosynthesis and experimental pig models to MR safety issues at 7T and advanced
MR neuroimaging encompassing MRS, diffusion-based techniques, and currently
also sodium MR.She has introduced MRS as a clinical tool at SUS, introduced clinical 7T MRI to Sweden as co-director of the rst 7T MR facility in Sweden, and is
currently introducing sodium MR to the clinical imaging arsenal at SU in Gothenburg.
Her own research has focused on advanced MR methods and their application to
brain diseases such as epilepsy and brain tumors. She has held committee appointments within the European Congress of Radiology (ECR), the International Society
of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM), the Swedish Society of
Neuroradiology (SFNR), and the Swedish Society of Radiology (SFMR) and is a
board member of the latter two. She has published 100 scientic original papers;
review articles and book chapters and supervision cover ongoing and concluded PhD
projects as main supervisor for nine and as co-supervisor for eight PhD students.
Ida Blystad MD, PhD, received her medical degree 2002 at Linköping University,
followed a specialization in radiology (2010) and a subspecialization in neuroradiology (2013) at the same institution and the European Diploma in Neuroradiology
in 2016. In parallel with the neuroradiology fellowship, she enrolled as a PhD student with focus on syntactic MR in brain tumors and received her PhD in 2017. Her
main supervisor was Prof Elna-Marie Larsson. Dr Blystad has continued to engage
in multidisciplinary research projects, where neuroradiology is situated in the intersection between clinical specialties and the technical faculty, always with a focus on
imaging of the brain and is mentor for PhD students and master students. She was a
board member of the Swedish Society for Radiology between 2011 and 2020 acting
as secretary between 2015 and 2020. She is since 2023, president of the Swedish
Society of Neuroradiology.
24 Women’s Contribution totheWorld History ofNeuroradiology: Europa Chapter
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Anna Falk Delgado MD, PhD, received her medical degree in 2009 at Karolinska
Institute (KI) in Stockholm. Her focus was early on radiology/neuroradiology partly
related to studying for 2months at the University of Southern California (USC) in
Los Angeles, where she encountered patients with a wide range of neurosurgical
and neurological conditions as well as the thrill experience of attending radiology
rounds during her internship. During her residency training in Radiology at Uppsala
University (UU) Hospital in Sweden, she became part of an interesting project
investigating patients with suspected low-grade gliomas by PET and MRI together
with her main supervisor Professor Elna-Marie Larsson. This became the focus of
her PhD studies, which she defended in 2016 at UU.She later continued her residency and neuroradiology training at the Department of Neuroradiology in
Stockholm. In 2021, she became an Associate Professor and founded her research
group “Clinical Brain Imaging Methods” at KI.Reconnecting to her PhD studies,
she recently had the opportunity to train as a resident physician at the Department
of Nuclear Medicine at Karolinska University Hospital, to deepen her knowledge in
hybrid imaging methods of the brain. Clinically, the focus of primary brain tumors
and multidisciplinary rounds has continued to evoke her desire to evolve and cooperate with other specialties. She sees great future potential in the rapidly evolving
eld of Neuroradiology that has never ceased to intrigue her.
Birgitta Ramgren, MD, PhD, received her medical degree at Lund University in
1987. She received her specialty in Diagnostic Radiology, 1995, and in
Neuroradiology, 1998, and received her PhD, 2014. She was early recruited to the
Neuroradiology Department, which she remained loyal to throughout her professional career. A collaboration between neurosurgeons/neuroradiologists in Lund
and the interventional neuroradiologist Prof. Jacques Moret, Paris, had started 1993
to set up interventional neuroradiology in Lund. Dr Ramgren went, after initial
training in Lund by Dr. Mats Cronquist and prof Jaques Moret, to Paris for additional training in neurointervention. Together with radiographers, anesthesiologists,
and neurosurgeons, a neurointerventional team was established at Lund University
Hospital in 1996. She was head of the Dept. of Neuroradiology (2004–2013), and
head of the section of interventional neuroradiology (2019–2022). She has mentored many diagnostic and interventional neuroradiologists, personnel, and medical
students locally, nationally, and internationally. She has been lecturer at both
national and international courses/conferences, and a member of several steering
committees. She is certied by the European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR)
with European Certicate of Neuroradiology and by the European Board of
Neuroradiology (EBNR) with European Diploma in Interventional Neuroradiology
(EDiINR). She was the secretary and treasurer of the Nordic Society of
Neuroradiology (NSNR) 2003–2009, vice president 2009–2010, and president
2011–2012 of the Swedish Society of Neuroradiology (SFNR). She has been in the
steering committee of the Swedish National quality registry for patients that underwent endovascular treatment for stroke (EVAS) (2012–2024). Recently retired from
her clinical profession, she still does research in co-operation with the Lund Stroke
Imaging Group and co-supervises three PhD students.
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403
Åsa Kuntze Söderqvist MD, PhD, received her medical degree (1994) at
Karolinska institute, Stockholm, followed by specialization in radiology at
Danderyds Hospital in Stockholm and received her PhD in 2016. Since 2004, she
has been working at the Department of Neuroradiology at Karolinska University
Hospital and as interventional neuroradiologist since 2008. Her career has been
signicantly marked by her contributions to the development and renement of
mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke. Her work highlights the
importance of this technique in cases of large cerebral artery occlusions and basilar
artery occlusion, demonstrating superior results compared to traditional thrombolysis methods. She also has an interest in and has practiced spinal interventions for
both diagnosis and treatment. In addition to her clinical practice, she is actively
involved in education and training, offering courses designed to enhance the skills
of residents and specialists in acute stroke care. These courses emphasize the latest
advancements in radiological diagnostics and reperfusion therapy, contributing to
the overall improvement of stroke treatment.
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Women inNeuroradiology: Switzerland
MaríaIsabelVargas
Introduction
In Switzerland, neuroradiology is a subspeciality of radiology.
We have a system of board certication in neuroradiology, in which training is
performed in centers accredited with a clear curriculum guided by a log book and
two examinations, one in diagnostic and one in interventional neuroradiology.
Switzerland is one of the rare countries in Europe that have this title of
subspecialty.
The subtitle for neuroradiology was established in 1991, 2years after the foundation of the Swiss Society of Neuroradiology in 1989. The foundation members of
the Swiss Society of Neuroradiology were Anton Valavanis from Zurich, Peter
Huber from Bern, Ernst-Wilhelm Radü from Basel, and Othmar Schubiger
from Zurich.
The currently president of the SSNR is a women Prof. Isabel Wanke (see detailed
biography in German Chapter).
Currently, there are 78 women working as diagnostic neuroradiologist and 6 as
interventional neuroradiologist in our country.
Prominent Woman Neuroradiologists inSwitzerland
Dr. Marcelle Megret She is a French national born in Algeria. She studied neuroradiology in Strasbourg with Prof. A Wackenheim. In 1972, she moved to Geneva,
where she worked in the neurology department. Then, she moved to radiology,
where she became Head of diagnostic neuroradiology. She worked there for more
than 20years.
She was a diagnostic and interventional neuroradiologist. In 1986, she wrote
one of the rst books showing images with CT scans, Computed Tomography of
the Cranial Skeleton (Face and Skull): 58 Radiological Exercises for Students
and Practitioners (Exercises in Radiological Diagnosis). This was the rst book
she wrote as a neuroradiologist and one of the rst with very demonstrative schemas done by the author herself. The book also provided a series of high-quality images.
She was a pioneer. Have you heard Megret’s line? She described it, and it is a
landmark in recognizing the choroidal arteries of the fourth ventricle, branches of
the posterior inferior cerebellar artery.
24
Women’s Contribution totheWorld History ofNeuroradiology: Europa Chapter
405
Dr. Jacqueline Delavelle (1945–2024) She was born in Poitiers-France; she
received her title as a Medical Doctor in Paris in 1973, and after she moved to Evian
les Bains.
She was the head of the diagnostic neuroradiology unit at the Geneva University
Hospital.
Dr Delavelle was a very enthusiastic teacher who was most appreciated by the
students.
She was a prolic author, with around 90 papers published in esteemed international journals.
The predilection subjects were pediatric neuroradiology and epilepsy.
Her infectious enthusiasm for new technologies and their application in neuroradiology sparked excitement for the future of the eld, inspiring many students to
follow in her innovative footsteps.
She retired in 2010.
Prof. Dr. MD María Isabel Vargas (author of the chapter) (Fig.24.7).
She was born in Ecuador and received her title as a Medical Doctor in 1994. She
moved to Switzerland, where she studied rst Radiology (1996–2001) and then
Neuroradiology (2001–2004). She was board-certied as a diagnostic neuroradiologist in 2006, Head of Diagnostic Neuroradiology in 2013, and Professor of neuroradiology in 2016.
Fig. 24.7 Prof. María
Isabel Vargas
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She has been writing more than 200 papers, two books, and several chapters.
She was a pioneer in using advanced techniques to study peripheral nerves.
Her centers of interest are not just limited to the conventional imaging, but also
extend to new and advanced techniques for neurological diseases such as epilepsy,
tumors, vascular diseases, the spine, and peripheral nerves, reecting her enthusiasm for progress and innovation.
Her other passion is teaching and nding playful methods of teaching.
Women inNeuroradiology: TheNetherlands
KeesJ.Simon and FransW.Zonneveld
The Rise ofFemale Neuroradiologists intheNetherlands
Introduction
In the Netherlands, the movement for women’s emancipation emerged in the second
half of the nineteenth century. In 1878, Aletta Henriette Jacobs (1854–1929) was the
rst female medical graduate. A year later, she defended her thesis on a then-andnow current neurological topic: the theory of localization. (1) She became the epitome of women’s empowerment in the Netherlands.
The rst female professor in medicine was the pediatrician Cornelia de Lange
(1871–1950). She was appointed in 1927 (University of Amsterdam) and is known
for the syndrome named after her, a condition with neuroradiological features (2).
But it was not until 1998 that the rst female professor of diagnostic radiology
was appointed (Erasmus University Rotterdam): Myriam G.M.Hunink (born 1958),
known for her expertise in medical decision-making and technology assessment.
In our country, medicine was a male-dominated world, and this was even more
true in radiology.
sented in radiology, less than 10%. But at the beginning of this century, ±30% of
radiologists in training were women. As a result, the percentage of women among
radiologists is currently 36%.
2
Over the past century, women remained signicantly underrepre-
1
1
The very rst female professor in the Netherlands was the botanist Johanna Westerdijk
(1883–1961), appointed in 1917, in Utrecht. She was the daughter of radiologist Bernard Westerdijk
(1853–1927).
2
On January 1, 2024, an overrepresentation of female physicians was found: 58% (see
BIG-registration).
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407
A Brief History of Neuroradiology in the Netherlands
The development of neuroradiology can be roughly divided into two periods: before
and after the 1970s. For both periods, we list the names of radiologists who were
important for the development of the eld in the Netherlands.
Before the 1970s, the era of classical radiology. Hendrik W.Stenvers (1889–1973),
Bernard G.Ziedses des Plantes (1902–1993), and Lourens Penning (1922–2006)
can be mentioned.
Stenvers is the founder of neuroradiology in our country and is known for the
projection of the petrous bone named after him. Ziedses des Plantes is world-famous
for his discoveries of tomography and subtraction. Lourens Penning held the rst
chair in neuroradiology in 1970 (Groningen). For his merits, the Lourens Penning
Prize was created, an award for young researchers in neuroradiology.
After the 1970s, the modern era of radiology (computers, CT, and MRI).
Neuroradiologists Jaap Valk (1929–2024) and Johannes Th. (Jan) Wilmink
(1943–2021) came to the fore. Both were professors of neuroradiology and honorary members of the European Society of Neuroradiology. The driven Valk was (co)
author of various standard works in the MRI eld with many awards (including
honorary member of the Radiological Society of North America). He was the supervisor of two women who have done important work in the eld of neuroradiology:
Marjo S. van der Knaap and Ragnhild G.M. de Slegte. The biographical details of
Van der Knaap are listed below, together with the current generation of women at
the top of the eld.
Dutch Society of Neuroradiology
The Dutch Society for Neuroradiology (DSNR) started in the 1950s as an informal
meeting of neuroradiologists on the initiative of Ziedses des Plantes and Penning. In
1993, it became an ofcial subsection of the Dutch Society of Radiology, with Valk
as chairman and Wilmink as vice chairman. Membership was subject to conditions,
including balloting. Around 2000, it had about 25 members, including a few women.
It now has 256 members, including 117 women (45%).
Prominent Female Neuroradiologists intheNetherlands
Prof. Dr. M.S. (Marjo) van der Knaap (born 1958)
Although not a neuroradiologist by profession, she has done very important
work in this eld. In the early days of MRI, she brought order to the abnormalities
of the white matter in the brain, in close collaboration with her supervisor Jaap Valk,
professor of neuroradiology. There is even a disease named after her: Van der Knaap
disease or megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts. Her book,
Magnetic resonance of myelination and myelin disorders, is a standard work. For
this, she received the Gold Award of the International Society of Magnetic Resonance
in Medicine. She is an internationally recognized authority.
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Since 1999, she has been the professor of child neurology at the VU in Amsterdam.
She integrates radiology, neurology, and genetics in her research. She received
three TOP grants (ZonMw) for excellent research, received the Sidney Carter
Award from the American Academy of Neurology and was a Spinoza laureate in
2008. She is an Honorary Member of the American Society of Neuroradiology
(2001) and received the Gold Medal of the American Society for Pediatric
Neuroradiology in 2014. She has been a member of the KNAW (Royal Dutch
Academy of Sciences) since 2006.
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Prof. Dr. M.W. (Meike) Vernooij (born 1978)
Neuroradiologist Meike Vernooij has been using population imaging, the acquisition of medical images in large cohorts, since 2005, to study the development of
brain and vascular diseases. She is responsible for the Population Imaging in the
important Rotterdam Study. A specic focus of her work is on imaging markers that
can be used as preclinical markers for cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia.
Her work has been recognized with the European Prize for Neuroradiology (Lucien
Appel Prize 2014), the Stroke Innovation Prize of the Journal Stroke and the Lourens
Penning Prize of the Dutch Society for Radiology. She has received many grants for
her research.
Meike is professor of Population Imaging since 2017 and Medical Delta professor (Erasmus MC and TU Delft) since 2023. She is also involved as a neuroradiologist and a board member at the Alzheimer Center Erasmus MC.Meike is chair of
the Diagnostic Committee and member of the Executive Committee of the European
Society of Neuroradiology, and chair of the European Diploma in Radiology (EDiR)
Written Evaluation Committee.