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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5787_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
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Fig. 22.1 Prof Sahar
Saleem. (Copyright holder:
All Fig.22.3 Rights
Reserved)
C. W. Sperryn et al.
Further honing her skills, she completed fellowships in Neuroradiology and Medical
Education at the University of Western Ontario in Canada. As a professor at Cairo
University, she has held leadership roles, including heading the Neuroradiology unit
and later the Radiology department.
Professor Saleem’s clinical practice at Cairo University Hospitals—where over
two million patients are treated annually—reects the commitment to advancing
patient care in Egypt. Her innovative research has led to the identication of several novel syndromes within the genetic landscape of neuroradiology and foetal
MRI, enhancing diagnostic capabilities and treatment options. In 2012, she
founded and directed the Egyptian School of Radiology, a non-prot organisation
afliated with the Egyptian Society of Radiology (EgSR), dedicated to promoting
education and professional development in the eld. A pioneer in paleoradiology,
Dr Saleem employs advanced imaging techniques to study mummies (Fig.22.2)
and antiquities, making signicant discoveries, including insights into the cause
of death of King Tutankhamun. With over 100 scientic publications and 12
authored or co- authored books, her inuence extends beyond academia. She also
serves as Faculty Member of several Scientic Societies such as RSNA.Saleem
is a key member of the Membership Committee at the World Federation of
Neuroradiological Societies (WFNRS), advising on the development of
22 Women in Neuroradiology inAfrica
Fig. 22.2 Prof Sahar
Saleem with Mummy in
CT scanner. (Copyright
holder: Prof. Sahar Saleem,
All Rights Reserved)
231
neuroradiology worldwide, with a focus on Africa. Professor Saleem’s numerous
accolades, including the Cum Laude award from the Radiological Society of
North America (RSNA), and both Summa Cum Laude honours from the American
Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR) and the British Society of Neuroradiology
(BSNR). The Egyptian Presidential Award for Iconic Successful Woman underscores her exceptional contributions and leadership in the medical community.
Sahar Saleem stands out as a model of success for neuroradiologists in Egypt and
Africa, embodying innovation and leadership in her eld and inspiring future generations of women in medicine.
In Egypt, there are around 50 women neuroradiologists, with experience spanning from 5 to 30years. All have successfully completed their PhD theses in Egypt,
specialising in neuroradiology, and have undergone local training. Additionally, at
least seven of these professionals possess international diplomas in neuroradiology
and/or specialised fellowships from institutions in Europe or North America. Their
credentials include fellowships from Canada, the USA, the UK, and Switzerland, as
well as European Diplomas in Neuroradiology (EDiNR). Some notable female neuroradiologists in Egypt, listed alphabetically, include: Aya Abdel Galil, Eman
Darwish, Eman Geniedi, Radwa Kamel, and Habeba Mostafa.
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C. W. Sperryn et al.
Ethiopia
Dr Tequam Debebe Weldehawariat (Fig.22.3) completed her neuroradiology training in the Czech Republic in 2002. She returned as the rst Ethiopian female neuroradiologist. She has served in the School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University for
the last 20years where she became dean of the School of Medicine between 2018
and 2022.
As the departmental chair of radiology, she advocated for the procurement and
installation of the rst 1.5T MRI in the institution’s teaching hospital. This has provided invaluable support in the diagnosis of neurological conditions and improved
patient care, particularly to the nancially disadvantaged.
Her efforts have led to the establishment of MDT and research collaborations
and the advancement of education and training in neurosurgery and neurology and
the expansion of neuroradiology services in Ethiopia.
Notably, Dr Weldehawariat established a local 2-year neuroradiology fellowship
programme in collaboration with Prof. Patricia Hudgins of Emory University,
Atlanta.
Dr Amal Saleh (Fig.22.4) was the rst graduate of this programme. She has
served as neuroradiology unit head, departmental chair of radiology and as dean of
the School of Medicine since her specialisation in 2022. She has participated in
Fig. 22.3 Dr Tequam
Debebe Weldehawariat
22 Women in Neuroradiology inAfrica
Fig. 22.4 Dr Amal Saleh
233
multiple local, regional, and international societies and has helped establish further
overseas collaboration for neuroradiology fellowship training.
Three more female graduates have recently completed the neuroradiology fellowship programme, Dr Etsehiwot Demeke, Dr Ilili Amin, and Dr Metti Kuma,
bringing the number of female neuroradiologists in Ethiopia to ve.
Although their number is small, these women have shown remarkable resilience
and determination in the face of challenges such as equipment procurement and
maintenance, a rising population and demand for focused healthcare.
They feel the future is bright for women in neuroradiology and are optimistic that
with new collaborative opportunities in education and research they will be well
positioned to improve service delivery and healthcare within Ethiopia and more
broadly on the African continent.
Ghana
Radiology in Ghana, though still relatively young, has evolved over the past 70years
of its introduction in mainstream medicine, revolutionising how diseases are diagnosed and treated. Amidst this transformative journey, there have been notable highs
234
C. W. Sperryn et al.
and lows, highlighting the challenges and triumphs experienced by those at the forefront of radiology in Ghana.
The West African College of Surgeons (WACS) and the Ghana College of
Physicians & Surgeons (GCPS) are mandated to train radiologists in Ghana. WACS
was established in1960 and has authority over the West African Sub-region.
Radiologists began training in Ghana in 1999, examinations initially being held in
Nigeria. The GCPS was established locally in 2003, with training starting a year
later. The two colleges have churned out a total of 100 radiologists. For a population
of over 30 million, this is still quite inadequate; this lack of radiologists is further
compounded by the shortage of specic subspecialisations.
The progress chalked in the eld of radiology in Ghana is a testament to the collective efforts of dedicated women and men who are committed to advancing
the eld.
Some of the most inuential women in our time include Professor Millicent
Obajimi, a renowned Nigerian radiologist who spent a yearlong sabbatical in the
year 2000 at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH) in the capital, Accra. Her
mandate, to consolidate the progress of our infant residency programme. She
remains one of the major contributors to radiology research in the country and left
an indelible mark in that space. Undoubtedly, her tenure contributed to the graduation of some of the most inuential female alumni, including the rst female
Ghanaian-trained radiologist, Professor Klenam Dze-Tettey (Fig.22.5), and VicePresident, Association of Radiologists in West Africa (ARAWA). Others, like Drs
Fig. 22.5 Professor (Mrs)
Klenam Dze-Tettey
22
Women in Neuroradiology inAfrica
235
Augustina Badu Peprah (Fig.22.6) and Ewurama Andam Idun (Fig.22.7), both
former Presidents, Ghana Association of Radiologists, have held institutional leadership positions. They continue to serve as excellent role models and magnets to a
profession that was previously male dominated.
In the early part of 2012, the radiology department of the Korle Bu Teaching
Hospital (KBTH) in Ghana welcomed a retired neuroradiologist, Dr Joselyn
Lapointe, formerly of the Vancouver General Hospital (VGH) in Canada, who
Fig. 22.6 Dr Augustina
Badu-Peprah
Fig. 22.7 Dr Ewurama
Andam Idun
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C. W. Sperryn et al.
opened the gates to the world of neuroradiology. In the words of Dr Hasatu
Gbadamosi, “She is what I will call the mother of neuroradiology in Ghana. I was
fortunate to learn at her feet during this very exhilarating year of her tutelage.” Her
tenure culminated in a legacy of a yearly observership for residents in Neuroradiology
at VGH via a Canadian neuroscience foundation. Dr Gbadamosi (Fig.22.8) was a
rst among several other beneciaries of this initiative which led to a bigger desire
and interest in the eld of neuroradiology. Another female beneciary, Dr Rosemond
Aboagye (Fig.22.9) went on to complete a paediatric radiology fellowship from the
BC Children’s Hospital, Canada, and has subsequently contributed signicantly to
our management of paediatric conditions in Ghana.
The teaching faculty in all our teaching hospitals are quite diverse, with every
consultant having a stake in moulding the next generation of radiologists.
While most of our members are still general radiologists, recent growth has made
it possible for some level of subspeciality training to be achieved.
First, for the country, neurointerventional procedures and pain management are
provided for by Professor Benjamin Dabo Sarkodie and Dr Emmanuel Jackson who
are fellowship-trained in interventional radiology and neuroradiology, respectively.
Some minor interventional procedures are, however, provided by
Fig. 22.8 Dr Hasatu
Gbadamosi
22 Women in Neuroradiology inAfrica
Fig. 22.9 Dr Rosemond
N.D. Aboagye
237
non- interventionists. This capacity growth was harnessed to create a new faculty of
interventional radiology with one product so far, and a soon-to-be-graduated rst
female interventional radiologist. The Faculty of Radiology, Oncology &
Radiotherapy of the Ghana College of Physicians and Surgeons—with collaboration from some international partners—is in the nal stages of approving our local
neuroradiology curriculum, which will be another profound milestone for us. Our
struggle with the lack of foreign fellowship opportunities over the years as well as
the burning need for growth in the area has fuelled this drive of faculty towards
internal development.
Dr Gbadamosi is currently training as a neuro/head and neck radiologist at the
Singapore General Hospital. Though delayed by many years, it will be a fullled
dream which will contribute to the development of Neuroradiology in Ghana. This
will bring the number of neuroradiologists in Ghana to only two.
While advanced imaging tools may not be equitably distributed all over Ghana,
there is access to high resolution ultrasound and Computerised Tomography (CT)
scan machines. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is done using 1.5T magnets
with one 3T magnet available in the country. Equipment for interventional studies is
also available in a few facilities. We have a Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
(DEXA) scan facility available, and plans are underway to set up the rst Positron
Emission Tomography (PET) scanner in the country. The government of Ghana,
however, remains the major provider of equipment nationwide with consistent
growth of private sector investment.
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C. W. Sperryn et al.
Research in Ghana is driven by the various teaching hospitals and afliations
with the medical schools. Organisations like the Society for Neuro-Oncology
Sub- Saharan Africa (SNOSSA) have encouraged multi-stakeholder collaborations for us and provided a platform for increased research collaboration and
peer learning.
As one of the lead radiologists on the paediatric radiology and paediatric neuroradiology multidisciplinary teams, Dr Gbadamosi beneted from a St Jude’s
neuro- oncology training seminar workshop in 2022 which provided a platform for
sustained growth for the team as well as increased our appetite for research.
Despite these positives, we are unable to play in the space of advanced research
due to the lack of the requisite technology such as advanced sequences and the
needed support.
Unfortunately, many of our successes are limited to the major teaching hospitals,
emphasising the need for scalability to the other major and regional hospitals in the
country.
Things we can improve on locally include sustained development as far as collaborations in the neurological, adult neurosurgical, ophthalmology and Ear, Nose,
and Throat (ENT) services are concerned.
There is a need to expand our scope of neuroradiological studies, institute strong
imaging workows, improve access to advanced neuroimaging technology, and
provide more comprehensive on-the-job training for our technologists. These would
require a concerted effort from governments, healthcare institutions, and international partners to strengthen radiological services and improve patient care across
our country and continent.
On the whole, despite our inexperience with these new territories we seek to chart, there
remains an equal level playing eld for all irrespective of gender. I hope that I can inspire
more women, to develop an interest in this intimidating but exceptional specialty of neuro-
radiology. Hopefully, together we can create a great neuroradiology community to deepen
our knowledge and create a new generation of impactful Global leaders—Dr Hasatu
Gbadamosi.
Kenya
Neuroradiology practice in Kenya dates to 1967 when direct carotid angiography
was rst introduced by a neurosurgeon and thereafter taken up by radiologists.
Women pioneers in the eld of neuroradiology were Dr Agola Onyango-Akena
and Dr Milcah Wambugu who from 1977 to 1978 conducted direct carotid angiograms during their radiology training and thereafter as faculty at Kenya’s largest
public hospital, Kenyatta National. The two as part of a team would later transition
to femoral puncture carotid angiography in the early 1980s.
With the arrival in Kenya of CT in 1982 and MRI in the late 1990s scanners,
neuroradiological studies have mostly been reported by general radiologists.
22 Women in Neuroradiology inAfrica
239
In the past decade, the subspeciality practice of Neuroradiology has grown with
women making an impact.
Dr Sheila Waa (Fig. 22.10), following Residency at Aga Khan University
Hospital Nairobi (AKUHN), Neuroradiology Research Fellowship at University
Health Network, Toronto, and the only registered Neuroradiologist in Kenya, has
provided imaging training and support for acute stroke care programme (JCIA certied; 2021, 2024), neuro-oncology imaging and dementia imaging (MRI, FDGPET). Also, at AKUHN since 2019, Dr Jacqueline Mavuti, a fellowship-trained
Head and Neck imaging specialist, has developed a service that spans oncology,
skull base evaluation, emergency imaging, and other broad non-oncologic multimodality imaging.
Dr Jane Thinwa, formerly of Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), was one of the
rst radiologists to provide head and neck oncological imaging. Although a general
radiologist, Dr Rose Nyabanda, also of KNH, has been heavily involved in neuroradiology teaching of radiologists and radiologists-in-training in CMEs. dir. Wangari
Maina, a KNH based Interventional Radiologist, conducts a few neurointerventional procedures, in particular aneurysm coiling.
A major challenge for neuroradiology practice has been the lack of neuroradiology fellowship programmes. The dilemma of whether to bolster neuroradiology in
Fig. 22.10 Dr Sheila Waa