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126
G. Scotti
Open Access
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate
credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and
indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter’s Creative
Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not
included in the chapter’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by
statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from
the copyright holder.
This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
Chapter 12
Japanese Society ofNeuroradiology
(JSNR): 1990 toThePresent
YukioMiki
The Japanese Society of Neuroradiology (JSNR) boasts a history spanning over
60 years. Its origins trace back to the establishment of the Neuro-Radiological
Association of Japan in 1960 by Dr. Toshio Kato and his colleagues. Although this
association was briey dissolved in 1969, it was reconstituted in 1971 as the
Japanese Neuroradiological Society (later renamed to its current name). The rst
conference of the re-established society took place in 1972. The JSNR meeting held
in 2024 marked the 53rd in the society’s history. This chapter will focus on the society’s history since 1990.
Membership Composition
In 2024, the society had 816 active members, distributed across various specialties:
539 radiologists (66%), 217 neurosurgeons (27%), 38 neurologists (5%), 7 pediatricians (1%), and 15 other specialties (2%). The JSNR’s diverse membership is probably one of the very unique features of Japan, but we believe this facilitates robust
interdisciplinary exchange.
Leadership
The JSNR presidents typically serve terms of 5–8years, ensuring continuity and
long-term strategic development. These are the presidents since 1990: Yutaka Kuru
(1979–1994), Hayao Shiga (1994–1999), Tadayuki Maehara (2000–2007), Kazuhiro
Y. Miki (*)
Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine,
Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
D. Birchall (ed.), A World History of Neuroradiology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-16653-1_12
127© The Author(s) 2026
128
Katada (2007–2013), Yukunori Korogi (2013–2020), and Yukio Miki (2020–
present).
Y. Miki
Legal Status
In the past, the JSNR operated as an unincorporated association. However, in
February 2022, the society transitioned into a general incorporated association. This
shift provided the organization with a rm legal foundation, implementing the
Articles of Incorporation and the Code of Ethics. The current Board of Directors
consists of nine directors, two auditors, and ve specially appointed directors (committee chairs).
Standing Committees
Prior to 2017, the JSNR relied on its presidents and the president’s faculty members
and secretaries for its operations. However, with the society’s growth, it established
standing committees in 2018, as suggested by Prof. Yukunori Korogi, then president. The initial committees included the Strategic Vision Committee, Social Media
and Website Committee, Research and Education Committee, International
Exchange Committee, and Public Relations Committee. Since then, additional committees–Diversity and Inclusion Committee, Finance Committee, Conict of
Interest Committee, Ethics Committee, Editorial Committee, and Rules and
Regulations Committee, and Guideline Committee–have been added, resulting in
12 standing committees currently overseeing society operations.
Fiftieth Anniversary Commemorative Events
In 2021, the JSNR celebrated its 50th annual meeting at Osaka City Central Public
Hall. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the event adopted a hybrid format, accommodating both in-person and online attendance. In celebration of its 50th anniversary, the society hosted special commemorative lectures and exhibitions. A
commemorative publication was also released the following year to honor the
milestone.
12 Japanese Society ofNeuroradiology (JSNR): 1990 toThePresent
129
Kato Prize
The Kato Prize, established in 1979, honors Dr. Toshio Kato, one of the society’s
founders. It recognizes the JSNR member who produces the most outstanding paper
in the eld of neuroradiology each year. The award is the highest accolade in the
eld within Japan and serves as a benchmark for researchers. Award-winning papers
historically focused on CT, but since around 1990, MRI research has become predominant. Among the awarded papers since 1990, the majority have been published
in Radiology (11 papers), followed by the American Journal of Neuroradiology
(AJNR) (9 papers), European Radiology (5 papers), and Neuroradiology (2 papers).
Past winners and award-winning papers are listed on the website: https://neurorad.
jp/english- page/kato- prize/
Website
The JSNR’s website offers enhanced content, including information on board and
committee members, rules, past and future conferences, research grants, Kato Prize
submissions, and neuroradiology-related news. Webcasting of educational lectures
from annual meetings began in 2023. An English version of the website was
launched in 2023. https://neurorad.jp/english- page/
Foreign Honorary Members
The JSNR recently reinstated the appointment of Foreign Honorary Members in
2023. The new selection criteria include not only achievements in the eld of neuroradiology, but also signicant contributions to society and neuroradiology in
Japan, such as accepting signicant numbers of Japanese visiting researchers. Four
neuroradiologists were selected as Foreign Honorary Members in 2023 and 2024,
respectively.
https://neurorad.jp/english- page/organization/jsnr- honorary- members/
Hosting theSymposium Neuroradiologicum (SNR)
In 1994, SNR XV was hosted in Kumamoto, Japan, under the presidency of Prof.
Mutsumasa Takahashi. In 2030, the JSNR will host SNR XXIV in Sapporo, marking its second time hosting the event. Prof. Kohsuke Kudo and Prof. Minako Azuma
will serve as presidents for the conference. Sapporo is an attractive place that is
popular among tourists, and we are aiming to make the conference a fullling one.
130
Y. Miki
Ofcial Journal
The JSNR’s ofcial journal, Neuroradiology, published by Springer, has published
abstracts from the JSNR’s annual meetings since 1981.
https://neurorad.jp/english- page/annual- meetings/
Logo
In 2021, the JSNR held a design contest among its members to select a new logo.
The winning design features stylized Chinese characters for “neuro,” morphing into
the brain and spinal cord.
Future Prospects
Neuroradiology’s progress aligns with advancements in diagnostic imaging technologies such as MRI and CT.The additional application of articial intelligence
shows promise. The JSNR aspires to foster global advancement in neuroradiology
through strengthened international cooperation and collaboration. The society
anticipates welcoming many neuroradiologists to SNR XXIV in Sapporo in 2030.
Readers are suggested to contact the corresponding author for gures if needed.
Acknowledgements DeepL and ChatGPT were used for Japanese-English translation and
English editing.
Open Access
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate
credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and
indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter’s Creative
Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not
included in the chapter’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by
statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from
the copyright holder.
This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
Chapter 13
A Brief History ofNeuroradiology inSouth
Korea: FromaSmall Beginning
toanEver-Growing Leading Role
HyeJinBaek , Ji-hoonKim , andWon-JinMoon
Introduction
The history of neuroradiology began to evolve with the invention of X-ray, as did
the history of radiology. Therefore, the history of neuroradiology itself reects the
developmental history of radiology. Radiology was born on November 8, 1895,
when Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered X-rays, a new type of radiation with
high penetrating capacity, and his achievement led to revolutionary development in
the eld of medicine [1, 2]. Then, Röntgen unveiled his discovery, “On a New Kind
of Rays,” by presenting it at a session of the Würzburg Physico-Medical Society,
and it was subsequently published in the journal Science [3]. Owing to this pioneering discovery, X-rays promptly became a new tool in physics research, providing
diverse opportunities to visualize and analyze the internal structures of the human
body more systematically in medicine [1, 2]. Since then, Röntgen’s discovery has
been applied to imaging the skull and nervous system using a fast clip, and neuroradiology has established academic independence in radiology. Neuroradiology was
further expanded by the subsequent launch of head and neck radiology as an early
subspecialty in the early 1900s [2, 4, 5]. Additional innovations related to the
H. J. Baek
Department of Radiology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National
University School of Medicine, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
e-mail: sartre81@pnuyh.co.kr
J.-h. Kim (
Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University
College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
e-mail: jihnkim@snu.ac.kr
W.-J. Moon
Department of Radiology, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of
Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
e-mail: mdmoonwj@kuh.ac.kr
D. Birchall (ed.), A World History of Neuroradiology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-16653-1_13
*)
131© The Author(s) 2026
132
widespread use of contrast agents, myelography, CT scanning, and MR imaging
have become cornerstones in the development of neuroradiology. In addition, the
adoption of cerebral angiography enabled neuroradiology to expand its eld from
diagnosis to neurotherapeutics as interventional neuroradiology [2, 6–9].
In South Korea, neuroradiology began to evolve as a subspecialty of radiology
when the rst CT scanner was installed at the Kyung Hee University Hospital in
1977. Since then, neuroradiology in South Korea has continued to develop in line
with these changes and development trends by providing scientic evidence in daily
clinical practice, advancing research, and establishing more systematic training programs. Over the decades, the efforts and passion of the early pioneers and all our
members have been the basis for the remarkable development of the Korean Society
of Neuroradiology (KSNR). Sometimes, the time lled with our history ows faster
than the wind. However, we believe the eyes that were never extinguished within
them were passed on to the next generation of Korean neuroradiologists. In this
regard, we would like to begin this article by considering it an innite honor to be
able to perform meaningful work of looking back at and organizing the history of
the KSNR.
H. J. Baek etal.
History ofNeuroradiology inSouth Korea Centered
ontheKorean Society ofNeuroradiology (KSNR)
KSNR: ThePeriod ofBirth (1980–1990)
In the early stages, Korean neuroradiology also passed through a similar series of
steps as the world’s neuroradiology, with the need for clinical practice in the eld of
radiology based on radiological science and technical advances, and being stimulated by the trends of specialization in the departments of neurology and neurosurgery. This worldwide shift has steered the emergence of neuroradiology as one of
the subspecialties in radiology in South Korea.
In South Korea, the introduction of CT scanners in the late 1970s has played a
crucial role in the academic development of neuroradiology. The rst CT scanner
was installed at the Kyung Hee University Hospital in Seoul, South Korea, in 1977.
Since other university hospitals adopted CT scanners in 1978, a few radiologists
have recognized the need to initiate monthly meetings to discuss clinical cases of
the brain obtained using CT scanners and exchange their clinical experiences. Thus,
ve pioneering neuroradiologists initiated an informal monthly study group in
1980, which became the KSNR forerunner. This played a pivotal role in learning
about the new imaging modality and teaching other radiologists and trainees needing CT access. In 1983, the KSNR was formally organized as a subspecialty society
of the Korean Society of Radiology (KSR) by a handful of radiologists who pioneered neuroradiology in South Korea, the same members as the informal monthly
study group: Dr. Jung-Ho Suh (Yonsei University Severance Hospital), Dr.
A Brief History of Neuroradiology in South Korea: From a Small Beginning…
13
133
Kee-Hyun Chang (Seoul National University Hospital), Dr. Chang-Gok Ham
(Hanyang University Hospital), Dr. Soo-Jee Suh (Keimyung University Dongsan
Hospital), and Dr. Choong-Ki Eun (Kyung Hee University Hospital) (Table13.1).
Dr. Jung-Ho Suh was elected as the rst president, and Dr. Kee-Hyun Chang was
the Secretary General of the KSNR.In 1995, Dr. Kee-Hyun Chang succeeded Dr.
Suh as the president. In recent years, the strong leadership of these radiologists has
become a major driving force in the development of neuroradiology in South Korea.
Ten years after the rst CT scanner was installed in South Korea, the rst domestically constructed clinical MR scanner was successfully developed by Zang Hee
Cho, Ph.D., in collaboration with many scientists, radiologists, and industrialists.
This 2.0 Tesla superconducting unit (Gold Star Electronics, South Korea) was
installed at Seoul National University Hospital and Keimyung University Dongsan
Hospital in Daegu. The impact of MRI on Korean neuroradiology is enormous, as it
was in other countries, owing to its groundbreaking trialability in clinical practice
by promising higher soft-tissue contrast and high resolution of anatomic detail in
the body without radiation hazards compared to CT images.
Based on these technical advances, including the adoption of cross-sectional imaging such as CT and MRI, clinical practice and research in neuroradiology became
Table 13.1 The roster of KSNR presidents (1983–Present) and Founders
KSNR Presidents
1980–1995
Jung-Ho Suh, MD, Yonsei University
1995–1999
Kee-Hyun Chang, MD, Seoul National
University
1999–2001
KyuHo Choi, MD, Catholic University of
Korea
2001–2003
Choong-Ki Eun, MD, Inje University
2003–2005
Dong Ik Kim, MD, Yonsei University
2005–2007
Sun Yong Kim, MD, Ajou Univeristy
2007–2009
Woo Suk Choi, MD, Kyung Hee University
2009–2011
Tae-Sub Chung, MD, Yonsei University
KSNR Founders
Jung-Ho Suh, MD, Yonsei University
Kee-Hyun Chang, MD, Seoul National University
Chang-Gok Ham, MD, Hanyang University
Soo-Jee Suh, MD, Keimyung University
Choong-Ki Eun, MD, Kyung Hee University
2011–2013
Sang Joon Kim, MD, Ulsan University
2013–2015
Gyung Ho Chung, MD, Jeonbuk National
University
2015–2017
Hyung-Jin Kim, MD, Sungkyunkwan University
2017–2019
Kook-Jin Ahn, MD, Catholic University of
Korea
2019–2021
Sang-Hoon Cha, MD, Chungbuk National
University
2021–2023
Chul-Ho Sohn, MD, Seoul National University
2023–2025
Ji-hoon Kim, MD, Seoul National University
2025-presentChang-Woo Ryu, MD, Kyung Hee
University
134
H. J. Baek etal.
more active, and the area of interest in Korean neuroradiology began to expand further
to neurotherapeutics by performing endovascular procedures with highly motivated
neuroradiologists at the center. In 1984, Dr. Jung-Ho Suh of Yonsei University
Severance Hospital and Dr. Kee-Hyun Chang of Seoul National University Hospital
rst treated carotid-cavernous stulas with a detachable balloon in South Korea. In
1987, Dr. Dong Ik Kim of the Yonsei University Severance Hospital rst treated a
brain arteriovenous malformation with glue embolization. In 1990, the rst ofcial
annual meeting of KSNR was held at Seoul National University Hospital.
KSNR: ThePeriod ofGrowth (1991–2000)
Starting with a small, informal, monthly study group of only ve pioneering radiologists in 1980, the KSNR developed rapidly as its membership grew to 36in
1991, 76in 1995, and 103in 2000. As the number of members increased, academic
activities also began to increase. A monthly neuroradiology meeting was held in the
metropolitan area on the third Friday of every month. It consisted of exciting case
discussions, lectures, and joint readings of the latest articles. An annual national
meeting of the KSNR has been held since 1990. An annual national meeting was
held twice a year, in spring and autumn, between 1994 and 1996. They are open to
both member and non-member physicians, including radiology residents. The committee members decided the format of each meeting, which usually consisted of
scientic presentations with free topics, special lectures, panel discussions, and
quizzes on neuroradiology. In addition, the KSNR invited prominent foreign neuroradiologists to give lectures at annual national meetings (Fig.13.1). In addition,
casebooks of the KSNR were published from 1994 to 2002, and neuroradiological
cases with high academic and clinical value were organized to satisfy the academic
interests of our members. Identication reports and interchanges among members
began with the publication of Newsletters from 1997 to 1999, and the KSNR website was opened in 1998 to establish a system for managing members and cases, as
Fig. 13.1 Case discussion
commemorating the
invitation of Professor
Robert I.Grossman, an
editor-in- chief in AJNR
and a section chief of
neuroradiology at the
University of
Pennsylvania, in 1993
13 A Brief History of Neuroradiology in South Korea: From a Small Beginning…
135
well as forsharing data. Furthermore, a monthly quiz for educational purposes of
radiology residents began to operate on the website of the KSNR, and excellent residents were awarded at an imaging conference every year.
As the KSNR increased, standards for membership were required. However,
there was a practical problem in discussing detailed regulations on fellowship training during this period. Only 30% of the members were fully dedicated to neuroradiology, and the others practiced neuroradiology as part of their work. Therefore, to
be accepted as a member of the KSNR, the KSNR applied more relaxed regulations
as follows: (1) the individual must be a physician certied (or eligible for certication) by the Korean Board of Radiology. The Korean Board Certication System
has been adopted in North America. To become board-eligible, one must complete
5years of postgraduate training: 1year of internship and 4years of radiology residency. The actual Board certicate in Radiology is given to those who pass a stateauthorized test conducted after the radiology residency; (2) The individual must be
interested in neuroradiology, but no other specic neuroradiological requirement is
asked of the candidate.
In addition, interventional neuroradiology was considered an area of neuroradiology until the early 1990s because radiologists with neuroimaging backgrounds initiated and performed all procedures. During this period, most of these neuroradiologists
took 1-year or 2-year training fellowships in interventional neuroradiology at leading
overseas centers outside of South Korea, mainly in the United States or France. In
1994, eight neuroradiologists interested in interventional neuroradiology created an
informal study group and began to hold a monthly meeting for clinical case discussions: Dr. Dong Ik Kim (Yonsei University Severance Hospital), Dr. Sun Yong Kim
(Ajou University Hospital), Dr. Hong Sik Byun (SamSung Medical Center), Dr. Dae
Chul Suh (Asan Medical Center), Dr. Hae Young Seol (Guro Korea University
Hospital), Dr. Gil Woo Lee (Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital), Dr.
Nam Joon Lee (Korea University Hospital), and Dr. Moon Hee Han (Seoul National
University Hospital). In 1996, the Korean Society of Interventional Neuroradiology
(KSIN) was formally organized into 25 members as a subsociety of neuroradiology.
Dr. Hae Young Seol of Guro Korea University Hospital was elected as the rst president of KSIN, and Dr. Hong Sik Byun of the Samsung Medical Center was the membership secretary of KSIN.In the same year, Dr. Dong Ik Kim (Yonsei University
Severance Hospital) and Dr. Moon Hee Han (Seoul National University Hospital)
respectively treated cerebral aneurysms with GDC coil embolization. After that, endovascular treatment for cerebrovascular disease began to take its place in South Korea.
KSNR: ThePeriod ofDynamicity (2001–2010)
Over the past 30years, the KSNR membership has steadily increased annually,
reaching approximately 160 members (Fig.13.2). During this period, the KSNR,
along with its afliated associations, made continuous efforts to provide clinical
guidelines for diagnostic imaging and interactive management required by the daily