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20 Neuroradiology inTürkiye
Fig. 20.5 The 12th Advanced Course and 28th Annual Congress of the European Society of
Neuroradiology, 2003
209
Fig. 20.6 Anatolian course of interventional radiology
Radiology became a hub for training in this technique. Physicians from numerous
interventional neuroradiology centers across the USA, including prestigious universities, attended courses organized at Hacettepe University, contributing to the
widespread adoption of this technique. Between 2001 to 2012, more than 400
physicians from USA to Japan visited Ankara to learn advanced cerebral aneurysm and AVM treatment techniques. Under the leadership of Dr. Islak, Dr. Kocer,
and Prof Dr. Osman Kizilkilic, Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine
Section of Interventional Neuroradiology has also become a training side for
many physicians visiting from all over the world. Over the years, the team of the
“Anatolian Course in Interventional Neuroradiology” gained prominence and the
Anatolian Course in Interventional Neuroradiology collaborated with the LINNC
210
Fig. 20.7 Conference event held in different continents globally
E. T. Tali
Fig. 20.8 Galen neuroradiology course
course organized by the renowned Dr. Jacques Moret and his team from France
between 2009 and 2012. In 2013, Dr. Saatci, Dr. Cekirge, Dr. Islak, Dr. Kocer, and
Dr. Kizilkilic, along with the eminent interventional neuroradiologists Pedro
Lylyk and Demetrius Lopez from Argentina and the USA established the “World
Live Neurovascular Conference” (WLNC) and it has become empowered with the
participation of several other world-renowned neurointerventionists, such as Drs.
Hanel, Liu, Mounier, and Siddiqui in 2020. This conference is now being held in
different continents every year and has become the foremost event in the eld
globally (Figs.20.3 and 20.7).
On the other hand, with respect to diagnostic neuroradiology events, the Galen
Neuroradiology course, one of the basic courses of the European Society of
Radiology, was organized by Dr. E.Turgut Tali in Ankara in 2009 and Dr. Cem Calli
in Izmir in 2013 (Fig.20.8).
20 Neuroradiology inTürkiye
Fig. 20.9 12th and 13th cycles of the European course in neuroradiology-ECNR, Antalya-Athens,
2012–2016
211
Dr. Tali was elected as a member of the Board of Directors of the World
Federation of Neuroradiological Societies in 2010 after fullling various committee roles.
In 2010, Dr. Tali organized the Istanbul Neuroadiology Course in collaboration
with the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), USA (Fig.20.8). This was
followed by the Erasmus Pediatric Neuroradiology Course in 2011, also held in
Istanbul. Additionally, the Turkish Neuroradiology Society commemorated its 20th
anniversary with the organization of the tenth Anniversary Neuroradiology Meeting
in Antalya in the same year.
Between 2011 and 2014, Dr. Tali organized together with Prof Dr. Athanassios
Gouliamos the European Courses in Neuroradiology, the diploma courses of the
European Society of Neuroradiology, in Antalya and Izmir in Türkiyeu and Athens
and Rhodes in Greece (Fig.20.9).
Since 2014, the Turkish Diploma in Neuroradiology courses have been organized in collaboration with the European Society of Neuroradiology twice a year
(Fig.20.8). These courses, mirroring the rules and program of the European Course
in Neuroradiology (ECNR), have garnered substantial interest. In the same year, the
Turkish Board of Neuroradiology was founded, with Dr. Naci Kocer elected as its
rst chair. Additionally, Turkish Pediatric Neuroradiology Diploma courses, following similar criteria and program, have been introduced in 2019 (Fig.20.8), the
Turkish Diploma in Pediatric Neuroradiology courses have been held annually.
Both diplomas received endorsement from the European Society of Neuroradiology
and the European Society of Radiology in 2015. Currently, 281 members hold the
Turkish Diploma in Neuroradiology, and 68 neuroradiologists have obtained the
Turkish Diploma in Pediatric Neuroradiology. TSNR has organized numerous certication courses and educational activities related to neuroradiology. In 2016, the
annual “Stroke and Treatments” courses were initiated in collaboration with the
Society of Interventional Radiology.
212
Fig. 20.10 The XXth symposium neuroradiologicum
E. T. Tali
The XXth Symposium Neuroradiologicum, esteemed as one of the traditional
and paramount gatherings in neuroradiology, was meticulously organized by Dr.
Tali in Istanbul in 2014, drawing the participation of internationally renowned neuroradiologists (Fig.20.10). At this congress, Dr. Tali was elected as the presidentelect to the Board of Directors of the World Federation of Neuroradiological
Societies and subsequently served as president from 2018 to 2022.
In 2014, Prof Dr. Cem Calli from Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department
of Radiology, was elected to the board of directors of the European Society of
Neuroradiology and currently holds the position of treasurer (Fig.20.3).
Meanwhile, Dr. Cekirge and Dr. Saatci participated in another FDA Trial
(WEB-IT STUDY) for the intrasaccular ow modier Web device in 2016, with
their center being one of the two non-US sites in the world. Subsequently, they provided training on this device’s application in numerous centers, including signicant ones in the USA, serving as proctors.
Prof Dr. Serdar Geyik has established the nation’s largest stroke center in Istanbul
in the recent years. With his team, they have been participating in several international stroke researches; they are organizing the international ICure Stroke meeting
with their very well-known global partners every year in Istanbul since 2021.
Since 2016, the Turkish Society of Neuroradiology has annually organized congresses with international participation in Istanbul every February (Fig.20.11).
Dr. Tali is one of the founders of the European Board of Neuroradiology in 2016
and served as its CEO until 2018.
20 Neuroradiology inTürkiye
Fig. 20.11 Turkish Society of Neuroradiology organize congresses with international participation in Istanbul every February
213
Fig. 20.12 Bridging continents and joining cultures
In 2017, Dr. Naci Kocer from Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of
Medicine, Section of Neuroradiology, was elected to the Executive Committee of
the European Society of Neuroradiology to chair the Interventional Neuroradiology.
In 2019, he started the organization of European Course in Interventional
Neuroradiology on behalf of ESNR with the ultimate target of offering European
Diploma in Interventional Neuroradiology, endorsed by the UEMS, to the qualied
individuals.
In 2023, Dr. Isil Saatci was elected to the Executive Committee of the European
Society of Neuroradiology and took over the leadership of the organization of the
European Course in Interventional Neuroradiology.
Dr. Cem Calli was elected President of the Annual Congress of the European
Society of Neuroradiology in 2025, while Dr. E.Turgut Tali was elected President
of the Congress of the Asian and Oceanian Society of Head Neck Radiology and
Neuroradiology in the same year. They will jointly organize the “Bridging Continents
and Joining Cultures” congress in Istanbul (Fig.20.12).
214
E. T. Tali
References
1. T. Pirnar, O. Dicle, Yüz yillik yolculuk. Baslangicinden günümüze Türk Radyolojisi. 5 G
Matbaacilik. Istanbul, 1995.
2. Ince F, Keskinbora HK.Overview of the history of Turkish Radiology in the light of archives
documents (1896–1933). Mersin Universitesi Tip Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve
Folklorik Tıp Dergisi. 2023;13(2):303–13. https://doi.org/10.31020/mutftd.1238285.
3. Istanbul Universitesi Nöroloji web page.
4. Tolun MR.A shorth history of neuroradiology and interventional neurology in the world and
in Turkey. Turk J Neurol. 2019;25:260–2.
5. Olcay C.Girisimsel Nöroradyolojiye Nasil Basladik. TRD Sem. 2022;10(1):154–9.
6. Personal communications with Prof. Dr. Hadi Ozer.
7. Personal communications with Prof. Dr. Erdem Gökmen.
8. Personal communications with Prof. Dr. Oktay Cokyüksel.
9. Personal communications with Prof. Dr. Aytekin Besim.
10. Personal communications with Prof. Dr. Ersin Lüleci.
11. Personal communications with Prof. Dr. Dinç Ozaksoy.
12. Personal communications with Prof. Dr. Umman Sanlidilek.
13. Personal communications with Prof. Dr. Baris Diren.
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Chapter 21
History oftheSwedish Society
ofNeuroradiology andSwedish
Neuroradiology 1990–2024
IsabellaM.Björkman-Burtscher, IdaBlystad, TobiasGranberg,
andPiaMalySundgren
Neuroradiology in Sweden during 1990–2024, and thus the national society’s
agenda, is marked by the main methods developed and used in modern diagnostics and intervention: CT, MRI, and angiography. However, the history of
the speciality and the society is based on technical developments of a far more
historic character. Thus, a brief retrospection is needed to set the stage for the
events that followed.
The formation of the Swedish Society of Neuroradiology (SSNR) in 1971 was
preceded by many decades where Swedish neuroradiology was characterized by a
pioneering spirit that already struck a chord far beyond the country’s borders. Only
1year after the discovery of X-rays in 1895, Thor Stenbeck used the technique to
localize a bullet in the brain of a patient, who later was successfully operated on [1].
In the 1930–1940s, the Seramer Hospital in Stockholm became a research and
teaching centre for neuroradiology well known far outside Sweden. Also referred to
as the “Stockholm School of Neuroradiology,” Stockholm was visited by many
international guest researchers and colleagues. The same applied to other academic
institutions in Sweden, where former colleagues from Stockholm established their
centres: Ingmar Wickbom moved to Gothenburg, and Sten Cronquist to Lund [2, 3].
I. M. Björkman-Burtscher (*)
University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
e-mail: isabella.bjorkman-burtscher@gu.se
I. Blystad
Linköping University, Linköping and President of SSNR, Linköping, Sweden
e-mail: ida.blystad@regionostergotland.se
T. Granberg
Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
e-mail: tobias.granberg@ki.se
P. M. Sundgren
Lund University, Lund, Sweden
e-mail: pia.sundgren@med.lu.se
D. Birchall (ed.), A World History of Neuroradiology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-16653-1_21
215© The Author(s) 2026
216
Renements in the use of X-rays in neuroradiology were not least achieved by
Erik L.R.Lysholm, who showed technical aptitude and was a driving force in the
technological development of radiology and neuroradiology—e.g. “the Lysholm
grid” and “the Lysholm skull table” [4, 5]. Angiography also quickly found its place
in Swedish neuroradiology. The Sven-Ivar Seldinger technique [6] and Torsten
Almén’s work with non-ionic contrast agents [7] are two Swedish pioneering
achievements that were especially important for the breakthrough of angiography
and interventional neuroradiology.
Computed Tomography was introduced in Sweden in 1973, the rst CT scanner
in mainland Europe and the third in the world outside of the United Kingdom [2]
was placed at the Karolinska Hospital in Stockholm, only 2years after the rst
patient was examined with the technique. Notably, this gave rise to the rst publications on CT cisternography, CT angiography, dynamic CT, and stereotactic CT.This
pioneering installation sparked national collaborations on CT techniques and was
soon followed by installations at other major academic hospitals in Sweden.
Magnetic resonance imaging began its victory streak in Swedish neuroradiology
during the early 1980s, with in-house manufactured installations, early clinical systems, and a paper in Swedish on “Medical applications of nuclear spin resonance—
NMR” published in 1982 [8].
I. M. Björkman-Burtscher et al.
The Swedish Society ofNeuroradiology, SSNR (Svensk
Förening för Neuroradiologi, SFNR)
The idea to form a Swedish Society of Neuroradiology (SSNR) was born in 1969
when the European Society was formed. SSNR was established in 1971, one year
prior to the formation of the Nordic Society of Neuroradiology, with Erik Lindgren
as president, Torgny Greitz as vice-president, and Bengt Liliequist as secretary.
SSNR has always focused on the scientic development of neuroradiology as
a speciality, and on education for members and health professionals working
within or close to neuroradiology. To support educational and scientic goals of
the society, SSNR has promoted appointments of professorships within the eld.
Currently, six of the seven Universities with medical faculties have, or have had,
appointed professorships in neuroradiology. Current active full professors in neuroradiology and/or interventional neuroradiology are Johan Wikström, Uppsala,
Staffan Holmin, Stockholm, Pia Maly Sundgren, Lund, and Isabella BjörkmanBurtscher, Gothenburg. Presidents of SSNR during the last 20years were ElnaMarie Larsson, Lars Gustafsson, Anders Lilja, Birgitta Ramgren, Tommy
Andersson, Birgitta Leiram, Johan Wikström, Roger Siemund, and the current
president Ida Blystad.
Early members of the board strongly promoted the establishment of neuroradiology as a medical speciality in Sweden. The history of neuroradiology in Sweden
and the SSNR from 1990 and onwards is greatly inuenced by the fact that
21 History of the Swedish Society of Neuroradiology and Swedish Neuroradiology…
217
neuroradiology was established as a medical subspeciality by the Swedish National
Board of Health and Welfare in 1991.
On the request of the National Board of Health and Welfare, the society has outlined and revised the training curricula for the speciality in collaboration with the
Swedish Society of Radiology and adhering to the European training curriculum for
radiology and for subspecialisation. From the beginning of the millennium, SSNR
has, for more than a decade, awarded grants for participation in the European Course
of Neuroradiology (ECNR) to support young neuroradiologists in their ambition to
certify internationally. Today employers endorse the participation in the ECNR
series for neuroradiologists in training and the courses as well as the European
Diploma in Neuroradiology (EDiNR) are part of the recommended education of
young neuroradiologists. The society has further awarded travel grants to meetings
such as ESNR, Symposium Neuroradiologicum, ASNR, and ISMRM.
Funding for research and visits abroad is also facilitated by The Erik Lysholm
Foundation (Stiftelsen för Medicinsk Bildering till Erik Lysholms Minne), founded
in 1995 and since managed by SSNR.
The society has, during the last decades, increased its international partnerships
and SSNR is today afliated with the Swedish Society of Radiology (SFMR) and
the Swedish Society of Medicine (SLS), a member organization of the World
Federation of Neuroradiological Societies (WFNRS), a member society of the
World Federation of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (WFITN), and
an institutional member of the European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR).
Further, SSNR has representation in the European Union of Medical Specialists
(UEMS) Section of Radiology, Division of Neuroradiology with two delegates.
According to the statutes, SSNR is open to all who work in and/or have an interest in neuroradiology. Its purpose is to represent the speciality’s scientic interests,
to promote the development of neuroradiology by organizing meetings with scientic lectures and discussions, to conduct and support education in the eld, and to
constitute a referral body for the Swedish Medical Society and other national health
care and governmental bodies.
For more than four decades, educational courses have been arranged or endorsed
by the society covering basic and advanced diagnostic neuroradiology, spine imaging, head and neck imaging, paediatric neuroradiology, interventional radiology,
and MR physics. A much-appreciated concept was courses held, for example, on
Cyprus and Mallorca, gathering neuroradiologists and clinicians such as neurologists and neurosurgeons as members of the teaching faculty, that discussed and
taught course participants not only imaging ndings but also the relevance of radiological examinations, how they are performed, how they are read, and how they are
reacted upon. These courses were also exceptional as they invited different professions to participate—radiologists, neuroradiologists, clinicians, radiographers, and
physicists. The exchange of knowledge at these meetings has also been driving the
development of clinical neuroradiology in Sweden. Due to economic and sustainability requirements, these courses are today held in Sweden with the driving aim of
gathering a multidisciplinary faculty for a few days.
218
I. M. Björkman-Burtscher et al.
In addition to these educational efforts, the SSNR arranges annual meetings with
scientic and educational programmes that reect both contemporary aspects of
neuroradiology and honour national and international achievements in the eld.
SFNR honorary lecturers and former Torgny Greitz lecturers between 1991 and
2024 are:
1991: Professor Makthar Gado, Bethesda, USA; 1992: cancelled; 1993: Professor
Pierre Lasjaunias, Paris, France; 1994: Professor Ian Isherwood, Manchester, UK;
1995: Professor Danielle Balériaux, Bruxelles, Belgium; 1996: Professor Derek
C.Harwood-Nash, Toronto, Canada; 1997: Assoc. Professor Sten Cronqvist, Lund,
Sweden; 1998: Professor Ivan Moseley, London, UK; 1999: Professor Guiseppe
Scotti, Milan, Italy; 2000: Professor Ingar Skalpe, Oslo, Norway; 2001: Professor
A.James Barkovich, USA; 2002: Professor Carsten Gyldensted, Århus, Denmark;
2003: Professor Isabelle Berry, Toulouse, France; 2004: Professor Michael Sage,
Australia; 2005: Professor Anne Osborn, Utah, USA; 2006: Professor Luc Picard,
Nancy, France; 2007: Tomas Hindmarsh, Stockholm, Sweden; 2008: Pål Svendsen,
Gothenburg, Sweden; 2009: Dan Greitz, Stockholm, Sweden; 2010: Professor
Rüdiger von Kummer, Dresden, Germany; 2011: Professor Raili Raininko, Uppsala,
Sweden; 2012: Professor Daniela Prayer, Vienna, Austria; 2013: Professor Karel
Terbrugge, Toronto, Canada; 2014: Professor Sven Ekholm, Rochester, USA and
Gothenburg Sweden; 2015: Professor Sven Haller, Geneva, Switzerland; 2016:
Professor Tommy Andersson, Stockholm, Sweden; 2017: Professor Ric Harnsberger,
Utah, USA; 2018: Professor Elna-Marie Larsson, Uppsala, Sweden; 2019: Professor
Pia Maly Sundgren, Lund, Sweden; 2020 and 2021: cancelled; 2022: Assoc.
Professor Michael Söderman, Stockholm Sweden; 2023: Professor Meike Vernooji,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands; 2024: Assoc. Professor Birgitta Ramgren,
Lund, Sweden.
The international perspective of the Society and its members is further reected
by the huge number of contributions to the eld that individual members from
Sweden have achieved during these decades. It is impossible to list all.
Neuroradiologists and radiographers in Sweden and members of SSNR have served
amongst other achievements as presidents of ESNR, ESMRMB, ISMRM, ISMRT,
UEMS division of neuroradiology, and WFITN.Not least the relation to ISMRM
and ESMRMB shows the close relationship between neuroradiology and physics
and technology in Sweden, which is also evident by the fact that neuroradiological
departments in Sweden always closely collaborate with medical radiation physicists
both regarding CT and MR.Frequently, MR physicists are either employed by or
directly afliated with the radiology/neuroradiology department. Further, at several
university departments, neuroradiologists nowadays also build bridges to nuclear
medicine and cover reading also of SPECT and PET-CT/MR.A further fruitful
symbiosis in clinical practice is the many multidisciplinary conferences neuroradiologists in Sweden participate in, building bridges between different specialities
and ensuring a focus on the patient’s actual needs.
There is a strong national collaboration in Swedish neuroradiology. Employers
of SSNR board members represent all Swedish University Hospitals and thus the
whole country. Further, the board includes clinical and academic neuroradiologists