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- •Preface
- •WFNRS 2022–2026 ExCom
- •Acknowledgments
- •Stories from Across the World of Neuroradiology
- •Contents
- •Contributors
- •1955—The IVth SNR—London (UK)—James William Douglas Bull
- •1957—The Vth SNR—Brussels (BE)—Donald Lane McRae
- •1961—The VIth SNR—Rome (IT)—Giovanni Ruggiero
- •1964—The VIIth SNR—New York City/USA—Juan Manuel Taveras
- •1967—The VIIIth SNR—Paris/FR—Hermann Fischgold
- •1939—The Ist SNR—Antwerp (Belgium)—Rudolph Thienpondt
- •1949—The IInd SNR—Rotterdam—Bernard George Ziedses des Plantes
- •1952—The IIIrd SNR—Stockholm (Sweden)—Erik Lindgren
- •1970—The IXth SNR—Göteborg/SE—Ingmar Wickbom
- •1974—The Xth SNR—Punta del Este/UY—Néstor Azambuja
- •1978—The XIth SNR—Wiesbaden/DE—Sigurd Wende
- •1982—The XIIth SNR—Washington DC/US—Giovanni Di Chiro
- •1986—The XIIIth SNR—Stockholm/SE—Torgny Greitz
- •1990—The XIVth SNR—London—Edward Philip George Houssemayne du Boulay
- •1994—The XVth SNR—Kumamoto/JP—Mutsumasa Takahashi
- •1998—The XVIth SNR—Philadelphia/PA, USA—Sadek Kamel Hilal
- •2002—The XVIIth SNR—Paris/FR—Luc Picard
- •2010—The XIXth SNR—Bologna/ITA—Marco Leonardi
- •2018—The XXIst SNR—Taipei/TWN—Wan-Yuo Guo
- •2022—The XXIInd SNR—New York City/NY, USA—Mauricio Castillo
- •2026—The XXIIIrd SNR—London—Tarek Yousry
- •Final Thoughts
- •Further Reading
- •Practice/Advocacy
- •Education/Training
- •Annual Meeting
- •Publications
- •Governance
- •ASNR Executive Leadership
- •ASNR Physician Leadership
- •ASNR Executive Committee
- •ASNR Committee Structure
- •Research
- •ASNR Research Committee
- •Conclusion
- •Founding Members
- •References
- •Introduction
- •Second Congress: Taipei 1997
- •Third Congress: Adelaide 1999
- •Fourth Congress: Seoul 2001
- •World Wide Web Presence
- •Fifth Congress: Shanghai 2004
- •Sixth Congress: Singapore 2007
- •Seventh Congress: Bali 2009
- •Eighth Congress: Bangkok 2012
- •Ninth Congress: Cebu 2014
- •Tenth Congress: Fukuoka 2015
- •Eleventh Congress: Beijing 2017
- •Twelfth Congress & XXI Symposium Neuroradiologicum: Taipei 2018
- •Thirteenth Congress: Seoul Online 2021
- •Fourteenth Congress: Singapore 2023
- •Working Together
- •References
- •Introduction
- •The Beginning
- •Post 1990
- •Training
- •Society Presidents
- •Current Status
- •Publications
- •Conclusion
- •Introduction
- •Organization
- •Annual Meetings
- •Training
- •Academia
- •References
- •The Recent History (2018 Until Now)
- •The Old Became New
- •References
- •Early Days
- •1990s
- •Year 2000 Onwards
- •Academic Subcommittee
- •Standards Subcommittee
- •BSNR Constitution
- •Online Presence
- •Conclusion
- •Statistics
- •Stroke Treatment
- •Organizational Structures
- •Young Neuroradiology-Junge Neuroradiologie (JUNRAD)
- •References
- •Pediatric Section
- •WFNRS
- •AINR: Associazione Italiana di Neuroradiologia
- •Hospital Departments
- •Neuroradiology Departments 2023
- •International Relationships
- •Italian Neuroradiologists Abroad
- •Lost Colleagues 1990–2023
- •The Future
- •National Congresses (Before 1990)
- •National Congresses After 1990
- •Membership Composition
- •Leadership
- •Legal Status
- •Standing Committees
- •Fiftieth Anniversary Commemorative Events
- •Kato Prize
- •Website
- •Foreign Honorary Members
- •Logo
- •Future Prospects
- •Introduction
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •References
- •The Context
- •The Early Years
- •Diagnostic Neuroradiology
- •Paediatric Neuroradiology
- •Neuro-intervention
- •The Future
- •References
- •References
- •References
- •References
- •Egypt
- •Introduction
- •Ethiopia
- •Ghana
- •Kenya
- •Nigeria
- •Somalia
- •South Africa
- •Paediatric Neuroradiology
- •Interventional Neuroradiology
- •Diagnostic Neuroradiology
- •Tanzania
- •Uganda
- •Paediatric Neuroradiology
- •Interventional Neuroradiology
- •Zambia
- •Summary
- •References
- •Links
- •Introduction
- •Pioneers
- •Promising Talents
- •Introduction
- •Gradual Change
- •Current Leaders
- •Bright Futures
- •Persistent Problems
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Description
- •Description
- •Description
- •Introduction
- •Description
- •Mentorship
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Further Reading
- •Croatia
- •Germany
- •Italy
- •Spain
- •Switzerland
- •The Netherlands
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •Introduction
- •Leadership
- •Education
- •Biographical Sketches

350
Fig. 23.42 Associate
Professor Wiyada Bhoopat
K. Ando et al.
Professor Orasa Chawalparit
Professor Orasa Chawatparit graduated from the Mahidol University in 1983 and
completed her radiological residency also at Mahidol University, receiving the
Diploma from Thai Board of Diagnostic Radiology in 1989 (Fig.23.43). She was
then a research fellow in neuroimaging at the Massachusetts General Hospital in
Boston, United States until 1992. Upon returning to Thailand, she served at Siriraj
Hospital Medical School, Mahidol University, in teaching, research, and patient
services in radiology as well as neuroradiology. She has also been an examiner for
the Thai Board of Diagnostic Radiology and of Neuroradiology.
Professor Anchalee Churojana
Professor Anchalee Churojana graduated in medicine from Siriraj Hospital Medical
School, Mahidol University in 1982 (Fig.23.44). After training in radiology at
Siriraj, she was certied by the Board of Radiology of Thailand in 1988. She was,
in 1996, a research fellow in interventional neuroradiology at Lahey Hitchcock
Medical Center, in Burlington, United States, and then in the following year served
as a research fellow in interventional neuroradiology at Bicetre Hospital in France.
At Siriraj Hospital, she pioneered the development of interventional neuroradiology, and served as Chief of the Siriraj Center of Interventional Neuroradiology. She
received the Diploma of the Thai Subspecialty Board of Diagnostic Neuroradiology
as well as the International Diploma in Neurovascular Diseases from Universite
Paris XI, Francaise. Professor Anchalee Churojana was the President of the Royal

23
History ofWomen inNeuroradiology inAsia Oceania
Fig. 23.43 Professor
Orasa Chawalparit
351
Fig. 23.44 Professor
Anchalee Churojana

352
K. Ando et al.
College of Radiologists of Thailand, and also President of the Association of Thai
Interventional Neuroradiology. In 2023, she became Vice-President of AAFITN
Council.
Professor Jiraporn Laothamatas
Professor Jiraporn Laothamatas graduated in medicine with honor from the Faculty
of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University in 1981 (Fig.23.45). She completed her
residency at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University in
NewYork, United States and received the Diplomate of the American Board in
Diagnostic Radiology in 1989. She also received Fellowship Certicate in diagnostic neuroradiology from Nahnemann University Hospital in Philadelphia, United
States. Upon returning to Thailand, she pioneered the founding of diagnostic neuroradiological services at the Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol
University. She also served in many professional works, namely, Director of
Advanced Diagnostic Image Center of the Faculty of Medicine, President of the
Royal College of Radiologists of Thailand, President of the Radiological Society of
Thailand as well as Chair of the Subcommittee on Medical Nuclear Energy
Utilization of the Thailand Ofce of Atoms for Peace.
Professor Jiraporn Laothamatas received many awards, and since 2018 has been
Dean of the Faculty of Health Science Technology, Chulabhorn Royal Academy,
Thailand.
Fig. 23.45 Professor
Jiraporn Laothamatas

23 History ofWomen inNeuroradiology inAsia Oceania
Fig. 23.46 Professor
Sirintara Pongpech
Singhara Na Ayudhaya
353
Professor Sirintara Pongpech Singhara Na Ayudhaya
Professor Sirintara Pongpech Singhara Na Ayudhaya graduated as doctor of medicine with honor from Mahidol University in 1983 and after training, received the
Certicate of the Thai Board of Radiology (Fig.23.46). She also was certied by
Thai Board of Neuroimaging and Interventional Neuroradiology in 2006. She spent
her time under the supervision of Professor Pierre Lasjaunias, and in 1995, received
the Certicate in Interventional Neuroradiology from Bicetre Hospital, Paris-Sud
University, France. At the Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, she was
active in pioneering teaching, research and patient services, both as neuroradiologist and neurointerventionist. She has also been active in the regional activities,
namely, being Honorary Visiting Professor at the University of Medicine and
Pharmacy, HCMC, Vietnam, Co-Director of the so called “PLANET” International
MSc Course in Neurovascular Diseases, a collaborative effort between Paris-Sud
and Mahidol Universities for teaching and training in interventional
neuroradiology.
Professor Sirintara Pongpech Singhara Na Ayudhaya received many national and
international awards. She was Honorary President of SNRXXII under WFNRS
(World Federation of Neuroradiological Societies), and President of AAFITN
(Asian-Australasian Federation of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology.
Readers are suggested to contact the corresponding author for gures if needed.

354
K. Ando et al.
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Open Access
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Chapter 24
Women’s Contribution totheWorld
History ofNeuroradiology: Europa
Chapter
MaríaIsabelVargas, SoeVan Cauter, ZulejhaMerhemic,
PrimariusMartinaŠpero, JenniferLinn, ChiaraZini,
NicolettaEmanuelaAnzalone, AnnaZimny, MartaDrake-Perez,
PiaC.Sundgren, KeesJ.Simon, FransW.Zonneveld, AysenurCila,
andIsilSaatci
M. I. Vargas (*)
Clinique des Grangettes, Hirslanden, Chêne Bougeries, Geneva, Switzerland
e-mail: maria-isabel.vargas@hirslanden.ch
S. Van Cauter
Department of Medical Imaging, East-Limburg Hospital Genk, Genk, Belgium
e-mail: soe.vancauter@zol.be
Z. Merhemic
Faculty of Health Care and Pharmacology, University Travnik,
Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina
P. M. Špero
Department of Radiology, Afdea, Zagreb, Croatia
J. Linn
Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav
Carus, Dresden, Germany
Medical Faculty of the Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
e-mail: Jennifer.linn@ukdd.de
C. Zini
Department of Radiology, USL Toscana Centro, Firenze, Italy
N. E. Anzalone
Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientic Institute, Milan, Italy
Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
e-mail: anzalone.nicoletta@hsr.it
A. Zimny
Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical
University, Wroclaw, Poland
e-mail: anna.zimny@umed.wroc.pl
M. Drake-Perez
Department of Radiology—Neuroradiology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla
and IDIVAL, Santander, Spain
D. Birchall (ed.), A World History of Neuroradiology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-16653-1_24
357© The Author(s) 2026

358
M. I. Vargas et al.
Women inNeuroradiology: Belgium
SoeVan Cauter
Introduction
Neuroradiology in Belgium was established in the 1960s by a group of radiologists
and neurologists, and good friends in the different Belgian University Hospitals:
professor Louis Jeanmart (Brussels), professor Lucien Appel (Antwerp), professor
Georges Cornelis (Brussels), professor André Thibault (Liège), professor Eric
VandeVelde (Ghent), and later prof Roland Potvliege (Brussels).
In Belgium, as in many other countries in the 1960s, radiology and neuroradiology were in a period of signicant development and transformation with multiple
new emerging techniques such as pneumoencephalography, cerebral angiography,
X-ray, and later computer tomography.
In the generation after the founding group, there was one notable female neuroradiologist, who still has an impact today, particularly known for her contributions
to the development and advancement of neuroradiological techniques and education
in Belgium. Let me introduce Professor Danielle Balériaux.
It should be emphasized that neuroradiology in Belgium has been a maledominated domain since its inception. It has only been a decade since multiple
female colleagues have taken up positions in neuroradiology departments in
University Hospitals and large tertiary centers, which makes the career of Professor
Balériaux even more noteworthy.
P. C. Sundgren
Department of Radiology, Institution of Clinical Sciences/Lund, Lund University,
Lund, Sweden
e-mail: Pia.Sundgren@med.lu.se
K. J. Simon · F. W. Zonneveld
Historical Section of the Dutch Society of Radiology, Domus Medica,
Utrecht, The Netherlands
e-mail: kjsimon@molenbocht.nl; nvvr@radiologen.nl
A. Cila
Radiology Department, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
e-mail: acila@medipol.edu.tr
I. Saatci
Private Koru Hospitals, Interventional Neuroradiology Department, Ankara, Turkey

24 Women’s Contribution totheWorld History ofNeuroradiology: Europa Chapter
359
A Summary oftheCareer ofProfessor Danielle Balériaux
Danielle Balériaux was born in Ostend, at the Belgian seaside. Her father was an
engineer and taught her to reason without prejudice. She will take this advice as one
of the most important lessons throughout her life.
After obtaining her medical degree cum magna lauda at the Université Libre
de Bruxelles (ULB, Free University of Brussels), she applied for a position as a
neurologist but was refused and therefore applied for a residency in radiology at
the Bordet Institute in Brussels, a specialized general hospital and research
institute of the ULB specializing in oncology, and today a renowned Belgian
hospital. The university’s Neurosurgical department was also located in this
hospital.
She was recruited by the head of the Department of Radiology, Professor
Georgette Melot, who herself had a special interest in neurology and neuroradiology. Georgette Melot had ordered new equipment specically devoted to neuroradiological procedures but unfortunately passed away suddenly due to a subarachnoid
hemorrhage during a congress in London. As Danielle Balériaux had a special interest in neurology, she was asked to install and develop the new neuroradiological
procedures foreseen by Professor Melot. She completed at the same time her training in radiology successfully and was appointed staff radiologist in the same
hospital.
At the beginning of her career, Danielle Balériaux visited multiple neuroradiology departments throughout Europe to obtain knowledge about the different developing techniques in neuroradiology. She developed successfully
pneumoencephalography, cerebral angiography, and computed tomography at the
radiology department of the Bordet Hospital.
In 1976, she worked with one of the rst CT scanners in Belgium. Her research
was conducted to compare brain slices obtained by autopsy with the CT images
obtained before death, to better understand neuropathology. At that time, no dedicated brain atlas was available, and specimens of histopathologists only comprised
coronal sections.
She collaborated on the rst book on neuro-anatomico-pathology together with
Professor Auguste Wackenheim (Strasbourg, France), also one of the founders
of ESNR.
In 1980, she changed hospitals to the newly opened Hôpital Erasme (Erasmus
Hospital), the academic teaching hospital of the ULB.She successfully built a section of neuroradiology, with an excellent reputation for clinical practice and scientic research. In recognition of her academic and scientic achievements, she was
appointed in 1981 as professor of neuroradiology at the ULB.In 1992, she became
vice-chairman of the department of radiology at Hôpital Erasme. This would be her
main workplace until 2006 when she retired.
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