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24 Women’s Contribution totheWorld History ofNeuroradiology: Europa Chapter
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Prof. Barbara Bobek-Billewicz, MD, PhD, MBA (born 25.04.1955)—Head of
Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology in Gliwice in
Poland, since 2004. She is a neuroradiologist and a specialist in nuclear medicine.
Her main interests have been head and neck imaging as well as neuro-oncology and
imaging of neurological complications of oncological treatment. She was one of the
rst in Poland to start performing preoperative fMRI and DTI in patients with brain
tumors, which resulted in the rst brain tumor removal surgery in Poland using
fMRI and DTI performed in January 2007 at the Silesian Medical University. She is
an author/co-author of 94 scientic publications and 37 chapters in textbooks. She
has been a teacher and lecturer at the Medical College in Krakow and the Medical
University in Gdansk. She has been a lecturer on numerous postgraduate courses for
radiologists, neurosurgeons, and oncologists in Poland and also on European
courses and congresses, including ESNR.She is a co-founder and lecturer of the
best-known postgraduate school of radiology in Poland, called Entomograa, established in 2007, which up till now has conducted 154 courses with over 8400 participants, mainly on neuroradiology and head and neck radiology. She is the former
president of the Neuroradiology Division of the Polish Medical Society of Radiology
in the years 2010–2016.
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Prof. Elżbieta Jurkiewicz, MD, PhD (born 23.01.1956)—Head of Department of
Radiology at the Children’s Memorial Health Institute in Warsaw since 2010. She is
a pediatric radiologist and neuroradiologist. Her early interest in the 1990s focused
on interventional radiology and MRI in the pediatric population. She started performing new procedures of embolizations of complex vascular malformations in
children, including vein of Galen malformations and spinal malformations. Later,
she got involved in MRI and neuroimaging with the main focus on tuberous sclerosis, white matter diseases, including MS, vanishing white matter disease, and spinal
tumors. She also introduced a new method of intra-arterial chemotherapy of retinoblastoma. She is an author of many chapters in Polish and international textbooks
and the chief editor of the Polish textbook entitled Diagnostic Imaging in Pediatrics,
published in 2017.
She is a lecturer at many Polish courses and congresses. She is a former vice
president of the Neuroradiology Division of the Polish Medical Society of Radiology
in the years 2010–2013.
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Prof. Agata Majos, MD, PhD (born 09.08.1964)—Head of the II Department of
Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Medical University of Lodz since 2010.
Leading topics of her scientic work were related to the eld of fMRI research, in
which she was a pioneer in Poland and Europe, and even in the world regarding
fMRI with the use of contrast agents. It resulted in an EAR Research Grant in 2001
and participation in Neuro Imaging Expert Panels since 2008. She has also been a
pioneer in the use of different computer applications. At present, she is involved in
the application of articial intelligence in Graves’ disease, tumor vascularization,
and multiple sclerosis. Since 2017, she has served as Neuroradiology Section Editor
of the Polish Journal of Radiology. She has given numerous lectures during Polish
and international courses and congresses, including ECR and Erasmus, which she
organized in Warsaw in 2019. In addition, she has played a variety of leading roles
such as President of Neuroradiology Division of the Polish Medical Society of
Radiology (2016–2023), Vice President of Polish Medical Society of Radiology
(2019–2023), a member of several ECR Committees: Research (2018–2022),
Structural Reporting (2018–2022), Quality, Safety and Standards (2017–2018), and
Neuroradiology Committee (2020–2024). She has been a Polish delegate for the
UEMS Division of Radiology since 2018.
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Prof. Monika Bekiesińska-Figatowska, MD, PhD (born 22.04.1966)—Head of
Department of Diagnostic Imaging of the Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw
since 2006. She has been involved in MRI since the beginning of this method in
Poland in 1991 at the Central Railway Hospital in Warsaw, where she was performing the rst MR examinations in Poland. As a pioneer in MRI in Poland, she
is a recognized expert in the eld of white matter diseases, congenital malformations of the central nervous system, neurological rare diseases, neonatal brain
imaging, and fetal MRI.She is an author/co-author of 199 scientic publications
and 30 chapters in textbooks. She has been regularly lecturing at courses on neuroradiology in Poland since 1993, and also at European courses and congresses,
including ESNR meetings, Erasmus and Galen courses. Since 2004, she has been
actively involved in ECR and, since 2017, in the European Diploma in Radiology
as a member of the Written Evaluation Committee. Since 2019, she has been on the
Board of Directors of the Polish Medical Society of Radiology, acting as Chair of
the Scientic Affairs Committee. She is an organizer and chairwoman of the
Scientic Committee of the Autumn Scientic Meetings in Poland (15 editions,
2006–2023).
Prof. Joanna Bladowska, MD, PhD (01.04.1976)—Head of the Radiology
Course at the Faculty of Medicine at the Wroclaw University of Science and
Technology, head of the Department of Neuroradiology at Wroclaw 4th Military
Clinical Hospital, as well as Neuroradiology Consultant in Emergency Medicine
Center at Marciniak Lower Silesian Specialist Hospital since 2023. She is a former
deputy head of the Department of General and Interventional Radiology and
Neuroradiology at Wroclaw Medical University in the years 2016–2023. She is a
radiologist and a certied neuroradiologist with an ESNR Diploma in neuroradiology (2015). Her main scientic interest has been focused on pituitary gland imaging
and the use of advanced MRI techniques in white matter diseases and infectious
diseases of the brain. In recognition of her work, she was awarded many awards,
including, among others an ESNR Award in Diagnostic Neuroradiology for the best
scientic paper in 2013. She is an author/co-author of many scientic papers and
chapters in textbooks, including The Clinical Neuroradiology published by
ESNR.She is a lecturer on many Polish and international courses and congresses
such as ECR, ESNR, and Erasmus courses. She is the President of the Neuroradiology
Division of the Polish Medical Society of Radiology since 2023 and a President of
the Scientic Society of the Lower Silesia branch of the Polish Medical Society of
Radiology since 2019.
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Prof. Anna Zimny, MD, PhD (born 04.11.1976) (Fig. 24.6)—Head of the
Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology at
Wroclaw Medical University since 2024, former head of the MRI Department in the
same institution since 2015. She is a radiologist and a certied neuroradiologist
with ESNR Diploma in neuroradiology (2015). Her main scientic interest has been
focused on the use of advanced MRI techniques in brain tumors and dementia. She
has been involved in several international scientic projects and grants including
PURE-Mind and ERANET. She is an author/co-author of many scientic papers
and chapters in textbooks, including The Clinical Neuroradiology published by
ESNR.She is a lecturer on many Polish and international courses and congresses,
including ECR, ESNR, and Erasmus courses. She has been twice awarded the Best
Scientic Presentation Award in the eld of neuroradiology at ECR (2010, 2013).
She is a former vice president of the Neuroradiology Division of the Polish Medical
Society of Radiology from 2016 to 2023 and a Polish delegate for the UEMS
Division of Neuroradiology since 2018. Since 2021, she has been acting as an
examiner at the ESNR diploma examination.
Fig. 24.6 Prof. Anna
Zimny, Head of
Department of General and
Interventional Radiology
and Neuroradiology at
Wroclaw Medical
University
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The Role ofWomen inSpanish Neuroradiology
MartaDrake-Perez
Introduction: ABrief Review oftheRole ofWomen
intheHistory ofSpanish Medicine andRadiology
The integration of women into medicine in Spain was late, and their incorporation
into the speciality of radiology was even later. Although women’s rights movements
reached their peak in the nineteenth century, it was not until the second half of the
twentieth century that the presence of female doctors in Spain became widespread.
In the speciality of radiology, there are few references from the rst half of the
twentieth century regarding women in radiology. Perhaps, one of the pioneers in the
speciality (and one of the few references we have) is Maria Lluïsa Quadras-Bordes,
who founded in 1920 the Institute of Electrology, Radiology and Gynaecology in
Barcelona (3). The rst woman to belong to the Spanish Society of Radiology
(SERAM) was Encarnación Ramírez Pérez, who joined the Society in 1966,
although its foundation was in 1916 (there are ofcial records of the Minutes of the
Board of Directors since 1945).
Currently, the number of women in medicine, and specically in the speciality of
Radiology, is equal or even slightly higher than the number of men, and growing.
As a representation of the current situation in our country, in 2021, the SERAM
secretariat had a total of 5528 registered members, 53% of whom were women. In
the same year, 58.1% of the radiology residents were women, which reects a certain upward trend in the future.
The Role ofWomen inSpanish Neuroradiology
The Spanish Society of Neuroradiology (SENR) originated as a working group
within the Spanish Society of Neurology (SEN) in 1963, promoted by the interest in
the radiology of the neurological system of some members, such as Dr. Mariano
Rovira Molist, Dr. M.Subirana Cantarell, Dr. I.Pascual Castroviejo, and Dr. Joan
Solé Llenas. In 1970, the need to set up a society independent of the SEN was considered, even though a link with that society was maintained, and joint annual meetings were held. In 1971, the new society (SENR) was ofcially constituted, and a
year later the rst general assembly was organized.
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In Spain, the radiological subspecialties with the highest percentage of women
have traditionally been pediatric radiology or breast imaging. Neuroradiology has
been considered a markedly male section, perhaps because of its relationship with
interventional radiology. However, in recent years, there has been an increase in the
percentage of female radiologists in this subspecialty.
In 2022, the percentage of women members of SENR was 38%. However, it is
striking that it is one of the radiology subspecialties in which the percentage of
women on the National Society board exceeds the percentage of women members
in the society. In 2022, women accounted for 66% of the board, and since the year
of its creation there have been two women presidents. As of today in 2024, the
SENR board is composed of eight members, ve of whom are women, including the
current President, Dr. Nuria Bargalló, Dra. Sofía González Ortiz, and Dra. Teresa
Cabada Giadas as the Secretary and Vice Secretary, Dra. Eloísa Santos as the
Treasurer, and Dra. Amaya Hilario as a Member of the Scientic Committee.
Prominent Female Neuroradiologists inSpain
Dr. Ana Ramos, MD, PhD, is the current Head of Neuroradiology at University
Hospital 12 de Octubre in Madrid, one of the largest hospitals in the city. She also
works at the Clara Campal Oncology Center, part of the HM Hospital group
in Madrid.
Her work is primarily focused on cranial and spinal trauma, as well as neurooncological pathology. Hospital 12 de Octubre is the busiest Level 1 trauma Center
in Madrid and a leading Neuro Oncology center in Spain.
Dr. Ramos was the rst woman to be appointed as the President of the Spanish
Society of Neuroradiology and continues to play an active role in the Society. She
also serves on the Executive Council of the Sociedad Ibero-Latino Americana de
Neuroradiología (SILAN), where she is responsible for promoting and teaching
neuroradiology, as well as providing mentorship and scholarships to support professionals in Latin American countries.
In addition, Dr. Ramos participates in the European Society of Neuroradiology
as a member of the Diagnostic Committee, which is chaired by Prof. Meike Vernooij
from the Netherlands.
In the near future, Dr. Ramos will serve as the Chair of the Scientic Subcommittee
of Neuroradiology for the European Congress of Radiology (ECR) in 2026. She is
also going to be appointed as the President of the ESNR Congress, which will be
held in Madrid in 2027.
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