Добавил:
Sekretar
kiopkiopkiop18@yandex.ru
t.me/Prokururor I Вовсе не секретарь, но почту проверяю
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5783_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
X
- •Foreword
- •Acknowledgments
- •Contents
- •Contributors
- •1.2 How Is Critical Care Humanized?
- •References
- •2.1 Introduction
- •1.2.2 Communication
- •1.2.5 Post-ICU Syndrome
- •1.2.6 Humanized Infrastructure
- •1.2.7 End-of-Life Care
- •2.2 Which Patients Should Undergo ICP Monitoring?
- •2.5.2.3 CSF Drainage
- •2.5.2.4 Osmotherapy
- •2.5.2.5 Ventilation
- •2.5.2.6 CPP Augmentation
- •2.5.2.7 Metabolic Suppression
- •2.5.2.8 Pharmacologic Suppression
- •2.5.2.9 Temperature Modulation
- •2.5.2.10 Decompressive Craniectomy
- •2.7.1.1 Pressure Reactivity Index (PRx)
- •2.7.1.2 Multimodality Monitoring
- •2.8 Conclusion
- •Algorithm
- •References
- •3.1 Introduction
- •3.2 Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH)
- •3.3 ICH: Presenting Symptoms
- •3.5.1 Blood Hypertension
- •3.5.2 Other Risk Factors
- •3.6 ICH: Pathophysiology
- •3.7 ICH: Initial Management
- •3.7.1 Airway: Intubation
- •3.7.3 ICH: Imaging
- •3.7.4 ICH: Grading Scales
- •3.7.5 Fluid Management
- •3.7.6 Follow-Up Imaging
- •3.7.7 Blood Pressure Management
- •3.7.9 ICP Monitoring
- •3.7.10 Surgical Considerations
- •3.7.13 ICH: Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis
- •3.7.14 ICH: Seizure Management
- •3.8 ICH: Medical Complications
- •3.8.1 Glycemic Management
- •3.8.3 Disposition
- •3.9 Conclusion
- •Algorithm
- •Appendix: Direct Oral Anticoagulant Reversal
- •Reversal Strategies
- •References
- •4.1 Introduction
- •4.2.1 Hemodynamic Management
- •4.2.2 Hormonal Replacement Therapy
- •4.2.3 Respiratory Management
- •4.3 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
- •4.4 Conclusion
- •Algorithm
- •References
- •5.1 Introduction
- •5.2.1 Vasoactive Agents
- •5.2.1.1 Vasodilators (Table 5.1)
- •Calcium Channel Blockers
- •Nimodipine
- •Nicardipine
- •Other Vasodilators
- •Magnesium
- •3-Hydroxy-3-Methyl-Glutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) Reductase Inhibitors (Statins)
- •Nitroprusside
- •Endothelin-1 Antagonists
- •Hydralazine
- •Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
- •Papaverine
- •Norepinephrine
- •Epinephrine
- •Dopamine (DA)
- •Phenylephrine
- •Vasopressin
- •Neuromonitoring
- •5.2.2.1 Benzodiazepines
- •5.2.2.2 Barbiturates
- •5.2.2.3 Opioids
- •5.2.2.4 Anticonvulsant Medications
- •5.2.2.5 Other Sedatives/Anesthetics
- •5.2.3 Hemodynamic Agents
- •5.4 Conclusion
- •Algorithm
- •References
- •6.1 Introduction
- •6.2.3 Ultrasound Behaviour at Acoustic Boundaries
- •6.3 Pulse-Echo Principles (B-Mode Techniques)
- •6.4 Transducers
- •6.5 Artefacts
- •6.6 Doppler Principles
- •6.6.1 Pulsed Wave Doppler
- •6.6.2 Duplex Scanning
- •6.6.3 Colour Flow Imaging (CFI)
- •6.7.2 Flow Changes
- •6.7.3 Cerebrovascular Resistance
- •6.8 Transcranial Colour-Coded Duplex Sonography (TCCS)
- •6.9 Ultrasound Safety
- •6.10 Conclusion
- •References
- •7.1 Introduction
- •Mesencephalic Plane
- •7.2.1.2 Diencephalic Plane (Thalamic Plane)
- •6.6.4 Power Doppler Imaging (PDI)
- •6.7 Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound (TCD)
- •6.7.1 Velocity Measurement
- •7.2.1.3 Ventricular Plane (Cella Media)
- •7.2.1.4 Upper Pons Plane
- •7.2.1.5 Lower Pons Plane
- •7.2.2 Transforaminal Window
- •7.3.1.2 Anterior Circulation
- •Carotid System
- •Anterior Cerebral Artery
- •Anterior Communicating Antery
- •7.3.1.3 Posterior Circulation
- •Vertebrobasilar System
- •Posterior Communicating Artery
- •Posterior Cerebral Arteries
- •7.5 Cerebral Circulation: Anatomical Variations
- •7.5.1.1 Anterior Circulation
- •Most Common Variations [28]
- •7.5.1.2 Posterior Circulation
- •Most Common Variants [28]
- •7.6.1.1 Deep Middle Cerebral Vein (DMCV)
- •7.6.1.2 Basal Vein (of Rosenthal)
- •7.6.1.3 Great Cerebral Vein (of Galen)
- •7.6.2.1 Sphenoparietal Sinus
- •7.6.2.2 Superior Petrosal Sinus
- •7.6.2.3 Inferior Petrosal Sinus
- •7.6.2.4 Cavernous Sinus
- •7.6.2.5 Transverse Sinus
- •7.6.2.6 Straight Sinus
- •7.7 Conclusion
- •Algorithm
- •References
- •8.1 Introduction
- •8.2 Cerebral Blood Flow Measures
- •8.3 Transcranial Doppler (TCD/TCCS)
- •8.4.1 Cerebral Autoregulation (CA)
- •8.4.2 CO2 Vasoreactivity
- •8.6.2 TCD/TCCS: Use After Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
- •8.7 Conclusion
- •References
- •9.1 Introduction
- •9.3 TCD Hemodynamic Parameters: Variations by Sex
- •9.4 TCD Hemodynamic Parameters: Variations by Age
- •9.5 TCD Hemodynamic Parameters: Variations by Laterally
- •9.7 TCD Normal Values: Latin American Population Sample
- •9.8 TCD Hemodynamic Parameters: Altitude
- •9.10 Conclusion
- •References
- •10.1 Introduction
- •10.2 TCD/TCCS: Acoustic Windows
- •10.2.1.1 Technique
- •10.2.2.1 Technique
- •10.2.3.1 Technique
- •10.2.4.1 Technique
- •10.2.5.1 Technique
- •10.4.1 Decompressive Craniectomy
- •10.4.2 Patient’s Position
- •10.5 TCD/TCCS: Contrast-Enhanced
- •10.6 Conclusion
- •Algorithm
- •References
- •11.1 Introduction
- •11.2 Basic Methods
- •11.2.1 Flow Velocities
- •11.2.2 Pulsatility Index (PI)
- •11.3 Advanced Methods
- •11.3.2 TAU (Cerebrovascular Time Constant)
- •11.3.4 Autoregulation
- •11.4.1 Traumatic Brain Injury
- •11.4.2 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- •11.4.3 Stroke
- •11.4.4 Other Clinical Scenarios
- •11.5 Conclusion
- •Algorithm
- •References
- •12.1 Introduction
- •12.2 TCD: Spectral Wave
- •12.4 TCD: Clinical Utility
- •12.6 TCD: Technique
- •12.6.2 Transtemporal Acoustic Window
- •12.6.2.1 Anterior Circulation
- •Middle Cerebral Artery (MCA)
- •12.6.2.2 Posterior Circulation
- •Posterior Cerebral Artery (PCA)
- •12.6.3 Submandibular Acoustic Window
- •12.6.3.1 Internal Carotid Artery (ICA—Extracranial Portion)
- •12.6.4 Transoccipital Acoustic Window
- •12.6.4.1 Posterior Circulation
- •12.6.5 Transorbital Acoustic Window
- •12.6.6.2 Pulsatility Index
- •12.7.1 High-Velocity Pattern
- •12.7.2 Low-Velocity Pattern
- •12.7.3 High Resistance Pattern
- •12.7.4 Cerebral Circulatory Arrest Pattern
- •12.8 TCD: Other Clinical Uses
- •12.8.1.1 Cerebral Vascular Reactivity
- •12.9 TCD: Limitations
- •12.10 Conclusion
- •Algorithm
- •References
- •13.1 Introduction
- •13.2 Acoustic Windows
- •13.3 2D-Guided TCD Monitoring
- •13.6 Conclusion
- •Algorithm
- •References
- •14.1 Introduction
- •14.2 TCCS: Anatomical Aspects
- •14.3.1 Anterior Circulation
- •14.3.1.1 Carotid System
- •14.3.2 Posterior Circulation
- •14.3.2.1 Vertebro-Basilar System
- •14.5 TCCS: Examiner Considerations
- •14.6 TCCS: Acoustic Windows
- •14.7 TCCS: Examination Protocol
- •14.7.1.1 Considerations
- •Doppler: (Convention)
- •14.7.2 Transtemporal Acoustic Window Examination (Coronal Planes)
- •14.7.3 Transoccipital (Transnuchal/Transforaminal) Acoustic Window Examination
- •14.7.4 Submandibular Acoustic Window Examination
- •14.7.5 Transorbital Acoustic Window Examination
- •14.7.6 Frontal Bone Window Examination
- •14.8 TCCS Protocol: Clinical Applications
- •14.9 TCCS Protocol: Hemodynamic Parameters
- •14.10 TCCS Protocol: Limitations
- •14.10.1 Limitations
- •14.10.1.1 Acoustic Windows
- •Transtemporal Acoustic Window
- •Suboccipital Acoustic Window
- •14.10.1.2 Middle-Line Shift Measurement
- •14.11 Conclusion
- •Algorithm
- •References
- •15.1 Introduction
- •15.2 Clinical Applications
- •15.2.1 Intracranial Stenosis
- •15.2.2 Cerebral Vasospasm
- •15.2.3 Cerebral Veins
- •15.3 Conclusion
- •References
- •16.1 Introduction
- •16.3.1 Autoregulation Index (ARI)
- •16.3.2 Mean Flow Velocity Index (Mx)
- •16.5 Conclusion
- •References
- •17.1 Introduction
- •17.2.1 Cerebrovascular Resistance (CVR)
- •17.2.2 Cerebral Autoregulation
- •17.2.4 Carbon Dioxide Reactivity
- •17.3.2 Collateral Flow
- •17.3.3 Elastic Reservoir (“Windkessel Effect”)
- •17.4 TCD: Waveform Interpretation
- •17.4.1 TCD Waveforms
- •17.5.1 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- •17.5.2 Increased ICP
- •17.6 Conclusion
- •References
- •18.1 Introduction
- •18.3.1 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)
- •18.3.1.1 Cerebral Autoregulation (CA)
- •18.3.1.2 Intraparenchymal Cerebral Oxygen Monitoring
- •18.3.1.3 Cerebral Blood Flow
- •18.3.1.4 Electrophysiology
- •Seizure Detection
- •18.3.1.5 Cerebral Metabolism
- •18.3.2 Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH)
- •18.3.2.1 Intraparenchymal Cerebral Oxygen Monitoring
- •18.3.2.3 Electrophysiology
- •18.3.3 Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
- •18.3.3.2 Cerebral Autoregulation
- •18.3.3.3 Intraparenchymal Cerebral Oxygen Monitoring
- •18.3.3.4 Cerebral Blood Flow
- •18.3.3.5 Electrophysiology
- •18.3.3.6 Cerebral Metabolism
- •18.3.4 Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS)
- •18.3.4.1 Cerebral Blood Flow
- •18.3.4.2 Electrophysiology
- •18.3.5.1 Cerebral Blood Flow
- •18.4 Conclusion
- •References
- •19.1 Introduction
- •19.2 Cerebral Blood Haemodynamic Measurements
- •19.3 Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF): Physiology Principles
- •19.4 Vasoreactivity Determining: Methods
- •19.6 Technical Tips
- •19.7 Vasoreactivity: Clinical Importance
- •19.8 Conclusion
- •References
- •20.1 Introduction
- •20.5.4.1 Experimental Endotoxemia
- •20.6 Conclusion
- •Appendix
- •Methods
- •Group 1: Graphic Methods
- •“Beat-by-Beat Method”
- •Method Described by Aaslid
- •Group 2: Multiparameter or Impedance Methods [14]
- •References
- •21.1 Introduction
- •21.2.1 Brain Compliance
- •21.2.2 TCD/TCCS: Cerebral Hemodynamics
- •21.4 Pulsatility Index (PI): Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
- •21.5.1 Cardiovascular Factors
- •21.5.2 Cerebrovascular Factors
- •21.5.3 Cardiopulmonary Factors
- •21.5.4 Metabolism Factors
- •21.5.5 Vascular Factors
- •21.5.6 Other Factors
- •21.6 Conclusion
- •Algorithm
- •References
- •22.1 Introduction
- •22.2 Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH)
- •22.3 Cerebral Vasospasm After aSAH
- •22.5.1 TCD/TCCS: Examination Protocol
- •22.5.1.1 Transtemporal Window
- •22.5.1.2 Orbital Window
- •22.5.1.3 Suboccipital/Transforaminal Window
- •22.5.1.4 Submandibular Window
- •22.7 Conclusion
- •Algorithm
- •References
- •23.1 Introduction
- •23.3.1 Premise
- •23.3.3 Limitations
- •23.4.1 Technical Requirements
- •23.4.3 Limitations
- •23.6 Future Directions
- •23.7 Conclusion
- •Algorithm
- •References
- •24.1 Introduction
- •24.2.1 Vasospasm
- •24.2.2 Vasospasm Diagnostic Criteria
- •24.3 TCD/TCCS: Cerebral Vasoreactivity
- •24.4 TCD/TCCS: Intraoperative Monitoring
- •24.7 Conclusion
- •References
- •25.1 Introduction
- •25.4 CAD: Diagnosis
- •25.6 Pupil: Ultrasound Examination
- •25.11 Conclusion
- •Algorithm
- •References
- •26.1 Introduction
- •26.2 Optimal Settings
- •26.2.1 Probe Types
- •26.2.2 Frequencies
- •26.2.3 Focus
- •26.2.4 Depth
- •26.2.5 Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)
- •26.2.6 Frame Rate
- •26.2.8 Freeze
- •26.2.9 Cine Loop
- •26.2.10 Smoothing (Interpolation), Interlacing, Correlation
- •26.2.11 Postprocessing
- •26.2.12 Resolution
- •26.2.13 Doppler-Technique
- •26.2.14 PW-Doppler (Pulsed-Wave Doppler)
- •26.2.15 Color Duplex
- •26.3 Indications
- •26.4.1.2 Morphological Differences
- •26.4.1.3 Flow Differences
- •26.4.1.4 Compression
- •26.5 B-Mode Examination
- •26.5.1 Dilation
- •26.5.2 Intima-Media Thickness (IMT)
- •26.5.3 Plaque Analysis
- •26.5.3.1 Location
- •26.5.3.3 Maximal Thickness
- •26.5.3.4 Surface
- •26.5.3.5 Echogenicity
- •26.5.4 B-Flow Imaging
- •26.6.1 Color Doppler Imaging (CDI)
- •26.6.2 Power Doppler Imaging (PDI)
- •26.7.1 Stenosis Measurement
- •26.7.1.1 Diameter Stenosis
- •26.7.1.2 Area Stenosis
- •26.7.1.3 Residual Luminal Diameter
- •26.7.2 Occlusion
- •26.7.3 Subtotal Stenosis: (>95% Stenosis)
- •26.7.4 Long Segment Stenosis
- •26.8 Doppler Spectrum
- •26.10 Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (CEU)
- •26.11.1 Common Carotid Artery
- •26.11.2 Internal Carotid Artery
- •26.11.2.1 Stenosis
- •26.11.2.2 Dissection
- •26.11.2.3 Occlusion
- •26.11.2.4 Subtotal Occlusion: (95–99% Stenosis)
- •26.11.2.5 Multiple (Tandem) Stenosis
- •26.11.2.6 Long Segment Stenosis
- •26.11.3 External Carotid Artery (ECA)
- •26.11.3.1 Occlusion
- •26.13 Negative Report
- •26.14 Conclusion
- •Algorithm
- •References
- •27.1 Introduction
- •27.2 Anatomy: Vertebrobasilar System
- •27.3 Vertebrobasilar Circulation: Ultrasound Examination
- •27.4 TCD: Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
- •27.4.1 Delayed Cerebral Ischemia
- •27.4.2 Vasospasm
- •27.5 TCD: Vertebrobasilar Dissection
- •27.6 TCD: Intracranial Stenosis
- •27.7 TCD: Microembolus Detection
- •27.9 Subclavian Steal Syndrome
- •27.10 TCD: Multimodal Monitoring
- •27.11 TCD: Traumatic Brain Injury
- •27.12 TCD: Brain Death Determination
- •27.13 Conclusion
- •References
- •28.1 Introduction
- •28.2 Cerebral Venous System: Anatomy
- •28.3 vTCCS: Ultrasound Investigation Technique
- •28.4 CVST: Venous Ultrasound Findings

Neurosonology
in Critical Care
Monitoring theNeurological
Impact oftheCritical
Pathology
CamiloN.Rodríguez
ClaudioBaracchini
Jorge H. Mejía Mantilla
MarekCzosnyka
José I. Suárez
LászlóCsiba
CorinaPuppo
EvaBartels
Editors
123

Neurosonology in Critical Care

Camilo N. Rodríguez • Claudio Baracchini
Jorge H. Mejía Mantilla • Marek Czosnyka
José I. Suárez • László Csiba • Corina Puppo
Eva Bartels
Editors
Neurosonology in Critical
Care
Monitoring theNeurological Impact
oftheCritical Pathology

Editors
Camilo N. Rodríguez
Intensive Care Medicine
Hospital Nacional Prof. Dr. A. Posadas
University of Buenos Aires (UBA)
Buenos Aires
Argentina
Jorge H. Mejía Mantilla
Head Neurointensive Care Unit
Department of Critical Care and
Anesthesiology
Hospital Universitario Fundación Valle
del Lili
Cali
Colombia
José I. Suárez
Departments of Anesthesiology
and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology
and Neurosurgery
The Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine
Baltimore, MD
USA
Corina Puppo
Intensive Care Unit
Clinics Hospital, Universidad de la
Republica School of Medicine
Montevideo
Uruguay
Claudio Baracchini
Stroke Unit & Neurosonology Lab
University of Padua School of Medicine
Padova
Italy
Marek Czosnyka
Department of Clinical Neurosciences
Cambridge Biomedical Campus
University of Cambridge
Cambridge
UK
László Csiba
Hungarian Neurological Society
Department of Neurology
Clinical Center Debrecen University
Debrecen
Hungary
Eva Bartels
Center for Neurological Vascular
Diagnostics
Munich
Germany
ISBN 978-3-030-81418-2 ISBN 978-3-030-81419-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81419-9
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of
the material is concerned, specically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microlms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology
now known or hereafter developed.
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication
does not imply, even in the absence of a specic statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant
protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book
are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the
editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any
errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional
claims in published maps and institutional afliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG
The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland

Re: ESNCH endorsement of the NESSC Course
Dear Pro
fessorRodriguez,
It is ou
Society of Neurosonolo
“NEUROSONOLOGY IN
Crical Pathology”
Please i
printed and el
With bes
Claudio Baracchini, MD, PhD, FESO
President of the ESNCH
Zagreb, 19. 12. 2018.
rpleasure to inform you, asthe President and the Secretary Generalof the European
gy and Cerebral Hemodynamics(ESNCH), that the course
CRITICAL CARE(NESCC): Monitoring the Neurological Impact of the
meets the requirements for ESNCH endorsement.
nclude the ESNCH logo and link to the ESNCH website (hp://www.esnch.org) on
ectronic materials related to the Course.
t wishes
Branko Malojcic, MD, PhD, FESO
ESNCH Secretary
v

Foreword
Transcranial Doppler, including TCD ow imaging modalities, allows us to access
detailed information on the hemodynamics of the cerebral circulation. TCD was
rst introduced in neuro-critical care to monitor vasospasm in patients after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Since the 1980’s, we have witnessed a remarkable widening
of its range of applications. This book is a substantial documentation of this development, describing a true multidisciplinary approach to using TCD (and extracranial Doppler) as a tool to improve neuro-critical care for a broad range of trauma
and diseases.
The book illustrates convincingly a paradigm change in how TCD is used in
investigational studies as well as in clinical practice. Ultrasound Doppler used to
be a relatively simple diagnostic handheld tool where the verdict was based on the
measured velocities, the pulsatility, and eventual spectral broadening signaling
disturbed ow. What led to a shift in paradigm is one of the most important advantages of TCD– the presence of the cranium (really!). In spite of its propensity to
dampen the ultrasound and make signal acquisition a bit more difcult, the cranium provides an ideal platform for mounting monitoring TCD probes. And this
monitoring can go on and on, and even be aided by robotic technology in an
ambulatory setting without somebody there to keep that probe aimed right on
its target.
So, early on, TCD invaded the territory of physiologists and pathophysiologists.
This invasion of course met resistance, if not outright attempts to condemn TCD to
the scrapheap of bad science: “Therefore, the slopes that Aaslid etal. calculated
have nothing to do with the rate of autoregulation of the cerebral vascular bed.”
(Editorial, Stroke Jan. 1989). Hundreds of dynamic autoregulation studies later,
the facts speak for themselves. And the cerebral autoregulation in the non-anesthetized human is indeed an almost incredibly fast mechanism—contrary to the much
slower response as measured in anesthetized cats by physiologists in the preTCD era.
There is still a lot to be learned about the cerebral circulation. TCD is a convenient non-invasive tool on this journey. It provides a lot of complex data that must
vii

viii
Foreword
be analyzed and understood. Particularly encouraging has been the way pioneering
neuro-anesthesiologists have embraced the methodology. It speaks for the usefulness of this window on the cerebral circulation.
RuneAaslid
Director of R&D at Hemodynamic ag
Bern, Switzerland
November 2020

Acknowledgments
A book such as this could only be developed through the commitment and humble
dedication of a group of exceptional professionals, who, through their handwriting,
their sacrice, the academic love for sharing, and the time dedicated, have honored
each of its pages. I would like to thank my colleagues and editors for their belief and
their magnicent work. Thanks go to ESNCH for their support and condence in
this project. I would like to thank Springer for believing in us and for their professionalism in this work. I would also like to thank Prof. Rune Aaslid for his contribution and trust. Last but not least, my greatest thanks go to my wife, my son and my
parents for their love and constant encouragement; without them, nothing would
have been possible. And to my parents, the cornerstone of my essence and existence.
CamiloN.Rodríguez
ix

Contents
Part I Neurocritical Care: Concepts to Review
1 Neurocritical Patient in ICU: An Humanized View of Our
Medical Care as a Gold Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Gabriel Heras La Calle and José Manuel Velasco Bueno
2 Neuro-ICU: Monitoring and Management of Intracranial
Pressure. A Practical Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Peter Le Roux
3 Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) Approach: Bedside
Practical Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Thomas J. Cusack and Wendy Ziai
4 Organ Maintenance After Death by Neurological Criteria (DNC)
in Neuro- ICU: The Importance of Donation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Vasso Zisimopoulou and Panayiotis N. Varelas
5 Neuropharmacology in the ICU: Monitoring the Therapeutic
Response and Neurological Hemodynamic Impact of Our
Therapeutic Decisions in Real Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Ryan Fillmore and Gretchen M. Brophy
Part II Neurosonology: Basic Principles
6 Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound: Physical Principles . . . . . . . . . . . 99
David H. Evans
7 Transcranial Doppler (TCD) and Trancranial Color-Coded
Duplex Sonography (TCCS): Applied Neuroanatomy . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Camilo N. Rodríguez and Ryan Splittgerber
8 Transcranial Doppler (TCD/TCCS) and Cerebral Blood Flow:
Applications in the Neurological Intensive Care Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Edward M. Manno and Farzeneh Sorond
xi

xii
Part III Neurosonology: Neurocritical Care Patient
9 Transcranial Doppler (TCD/TCCS) and Cerebral Blood
Flow Velocities: Parameters of Normality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Jorge H. Mejía Mantilla, Pablo F. Amaya,
and Leidy Gaviria Villarreal
10 Transcranial Doppler (TCD/TCCS) Approaches:
Acoustic Windows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Jorge Carrizosa
11 Neurocritical Patient in ICU: Transcranial Doppler
(TCD/TCCS) as the Brain Stethoscope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Chiara Robba and Danilo Cardim
12 Neurosonology in the ICU: Transcranial Doppler (TCD)
Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Corina Puppo
13 Transcranial Doppler (TCD/TCCS) Monitoring in the
Intensive Care Unit: Usefulness of Two-Dimensional
Ultrasound (2D) to Guide Neuromonitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
André Y. Denault, Antoine Halwagi, Francis Bernard,
Stéphane Langevin, Etienne Couture, Milene Azzam,
William Beaubien-Souligny, and Pierre Robillard
Contents
14 Neurosonology in ICU: Transcranial Color-Coded Duplex
Sonography (TCCS) Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
Camilo N. Rodríguez and Deborah Pugin
15 Transcranial Color-Coded Duplex Sonography (TCCS):
Importance of Angle Correction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
Piergiorgio Lochner, Antonio Siniscalchi, and Andrea Naldi
16 Neurocritical Care Monitoring in ICU: Measurement of the
Cerebral Autoregulation by Transcranial Doppler (TCD) . . . . . . . . 291
Leanne A. Calviello and Marek Czosnyka
17 Neuro-ICU: Cerebral Hemodynamics and Transcranial
Doppler (TCD/TCCS) Waveform Interpretation in the Most
Common Neurocritical Pathologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
L. Luciano Ponce Mejia, Bahattin B. Ergin, and Lucía Rivera Lara
18 Non-invasive Multimodal Neuromonitoring in the ICU:
The Role of Transcranial Doppler (TCD/TCCS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
Demetrios J. Kutsogiannis
19 Acute Neurologic Injury in ICU: Vasomotor Reactivity
Testing by Transcranial Doppler (TCD/TCCS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Pedro Castro and Elsa Azevedo
Соседние файлы в папке Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана
