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198
C.-B. Luo et al.
The event was unprecedentedly successful, featuring over ten experts from Europe,
America, and Asia delivering keynote speeches. It was the most attended conference by international scholars at the time.
In 1998, Professor Michael Mu Huo Teng was elected as the second chairperson.
During his tenure, multiple lectures, seminars, and live demonstrations on interventional neuroradiology were organized. Invitations extended to international experts
spurred a surge of interest in this eld in Taiwan. The third AOCNHNR conference,
held in Adelaide, Australia in 1999, saw over ten Taiwanese participants who presented more than ten research papers, showcasing signicant advancements in
Taiwan’s neuroradiology.
In 2001, Dr. Hon-Man Liu was elected as the third chairperson, continuing to
actively promote academic development and adapting to changes in the medical
society by establishing a specialist physician system. In 2004, Dr. Sandy Cheng-Yu
Chen was elected as the fourth chairperson. During his tenure, he established a
society newsletter and enriched our ofcial website. Additionally, a specialist physician examination was introduced to enhance the connectivity between members and
the society.
Subsequent chairpersons included Professor Michael Mu Huo Teng (2007),
Professor Wan-Yuo Guo (2010), Professor Ho-Fai Wong (2013), Professor Sandy
Cheng-Yu Chen (2016), and Professor Chao-Bao Luo (2019 to 2025). Each chairperson has been committed to enhancing the teaching and research of neuroradiology and increasing its international visibility, aspiring to keep pace with advanced
countries around the world.
In addition to these achievements, the society has also promoted neuroradiology
interventional treatments in response to the rapid development of minimally invasive neurovascular interventions. Currently, the society boasts 320 active members.
Its organizational structure is composed of one chairperson, 15 directors, and ve
supervisors. It holds three 1-day academic conferences and a 2-day annual conference each year, providing a platform for academic exchange among its members.
Additionally, an annual examination for specialist physicians is conducted. The
society also accredits the specialties of acute ischemic stroke thrombectomy and
neuroradiology intervention in the country.
Signicant Milestones of the NRST
1. Organized the 1997 Asian-Oceanian Congress of Neuroradiology and Head &
Neck Radiology, chaired by Professor Tsuen Chang.
2. Established the training requirements of intravascular interventional neuroradi-
ology, and capability requirements to obtain a certicate of subspecialty of intravascular interventional neuroradiology, and obtain a certicate of proctor of
intravascular interventional neuroradiology in 2004. The NRST began to issue
certicates of subspecialty of intravascular interventional neuroradiology, and
certicates of proctor of intravascular interventional neuroradiology in January
1, 2005 to those who meet the requirements. After this step, diagnosis and intravascular intervention are equally important for neuroradiology training.
19 The Neuroradiological Society ofTaiwan
3. Organized the 2008 eighth Meeting of the Asian-Australasian Federation of
Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology (AAFITN 2008), chaired by
Professor Michael Mu Huo Teng.
4. Organized the 2009 Asian-Oceanian Neuroradiology Interventional Treatment
Forum, chaired by Professor Michael Mu Huo Teng.
5. Organized the 2018 Asian Oceanian Society of Neuroradiology and Head &
Neck Radiology Annual Conference, chaired by Professor Sandy Cheng- Yu Chen.
6. Organized the 2018 Symposium Neuroradiologicum, chaired by Professor
Wan- Yuo Guo.
7. Since 2019, the society has held a 2-day academic conference as its annual
meeting.
8. In 2022, Professor Wan-Yuo Guo was elected the President of the World
Federation of Neuroradiological Societies.
199
The Asian-Australasian Federation ofInterventional
andTherapeutic Neuroradiology (AAFITN 2008)
The eighth Meeting of the Asian-Australasian Federation of Interventional and
Therapeutic Neuroradiology was held from April 5 to April 8, 2008in the Grand
Hotel, Taipei. The Cross-Strait Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology
symposium was held in the evening of April 5, 2008, too.
There were 391 registered attendees, including Taiwan 173, China 43, Japan 40,
Thailand 32, USA 14, Australia 13, and other countries or regions with less than ten
attendees. Totally, 58 invited lectures, 104 free papers (oral 23, poster 81). Six more
invited lectures from Chinese Mainland and two from Taiwan for the Cross-Strait
Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology symposium.
XXI SNR inTaiwan
The XXIst SNR (The World Congress of Neuroradiology 2018) was hosted by the
Neuroradiological Society of Taiwan (NRST). Professor Wan-Yuo GUO was elected
as the President of the XXIst SNR in 2010 during the XIXth SNR in Bologna, Italy.
After 8years of preparation, the XXIst SNR under the Presidency of Prof Wan-Yuo
GUO started on March 19 and lasted until March 23 at Taipei International Congress
and Exhibition Center (TICC), Taipei, Taiwan. Totally, more than 1000 attendees
from 50 countries of ve continents and 39 industry sponsors participated in the
XXIst SNR.The 5-day Congress consisted of 74 sessions with 6 themes, including
Brain, Head & Neck, Pediatric, Spine, Intervention, Highlights, and special sessions
such as “Master to Master” and “Junior Meets Junior.”
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C.-B. Luo et al.
In addition to the comprehensive scientic program, the XXIst SNR Organizing
Committee unprecedentedly invited famous Taiwanese artists to join the Congress
and exhibit their artworks, as well as hosted tea art performances throughout the
Congress at the Congress Venue of TICC.It is the true form of realization and unication of “The Art of Healing, the Healing of Art.” And as for the attendees, the
Organizing Committee hosted a “Photography Exhibition Competition” that
allowed the attendees to submit their photographs and which were displayed during
the congress.
Below are some of the photos taken at the XXIst SNR and links to multiple video
clips summarizing XXI SNR (Fig.19.1).
Fig. 19.1 The 21st Symposium Neuroradiologicum (XXI SNR) was inaugurated under the noble
theme “One World, One Family,” a spirit that united scholars and practitioners of neuroradiology
from across the globe. The calligraphy of these four words, bestowed by Venerable Master Hsing
Yun, founder of Fo Guang Shan, stood as a symbol of universal fellowship and as a tribute to the
worldwide contributions of the World Federation of Neuroradiological Societies (WFNRS). The
opening ceremony was solemnly presided over by three consecutive WFNRS Presidents Wan-Yuo
Guo, Nick Bryan, and Turgut Tali. In keeping with the time-honored tradition of the congress,
President Wan-Yuo Guo, adorned with the ceremonial chain of past congress presidents, struck the
historic gavel to herald the commencement of the proceedings. The gathering was further enriched
by the presence of celebrated Taiwanese contemporary artists, whose works lent cultural and artistic brilliance to the scientic assembly. To honor its legacy, the congress presented delegates with
commemorative black and white mugs, specially crafted in the form of the podium that has been
passed down since 1955 (IV SNR, London), leaving a lasting impression of dignity, culture, and
fraternity upon all who attended
19 The Neuroradiological Society ofTaiwan
1. https://youtu.be/3E- I83STCH8?si=2dsWs6uvWqLLgsdV
2. https://youtu.be/E6krP_w2mqU?si=yw5- Ydlr3b97Nkca
3. https://youtu.be/8zLfP0ZMcXs?si=MWONe2u7TaZwrk7L
4. https://youtu.be/zMr1PG1lK38?si=sloJmW4EvWAk_mJV
Written by Professors Chao-Bao LUO, Wan-You GUO, and Michael Mu Huo
TENG, Dec. 12, 2023, Taipei, Taiwan.
201
Open Access This chapter is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits use, sharing,
adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate
credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and
indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this chapter are included in the chapter’s Creative
Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not
included in the chapter’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by
statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from
the copyright holder.
Chapter 20
Neuroradiology inTürkiye
E.TurgutTali
There exists no comprehensive record detailing the evolution of neuroradiology in
Türkiye. However, based on personal communications, it is believed that vascular
neuroradiology began at Istanbul University’s Capa Medical School in 1955. A
small cohort of neurosurgeons conducted pneumoencephalography and carotid
angiography, initially through open dissection of the carotids and later via percutaneous puncture. These initial cerebral angiographic views were obtained by manual
changers at Towne and lateral head projections and most of the catheters were
custom- made. Among the trailblazers of modern neurosurgery clinics in Türkiye,
Prof. Dr. Bülent Tarcan from Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Prof. Dr.
Nurhan Avman from Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine in Ankara, and neurologist Prof. Dr. Sabahattin Kerimoglu from Istanbul University Cerrahpasa
Medical Faculty Department of Neurology can be acknowledged as the pioneers of
neuroradiology in our country [1–4] (Fig.20.1).
These early pioneers were subsequently joined by radiologist Prof Dr. Hadi Ozer
from Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Department of Radiology, neurologist Prof. Dr. Okay Saribas from the Department of Neurology, radiologist Prof. Dr.
Uluhan Berk from the Department of Radiology at Ankara University Faculty of
Medicine, neurologist Prof. Dr. Gencay Gürsoy from the Department of Neurology
at Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, and neurologist Prof. Dr. Hayrünnisa
Denktas from the Department of Neurology at Istanbul University Cerrahpasa
Medical Faculty, along with their respective teams (Fig.20.2).
As modern neuroradiology began to take shape in the 1960s, particularly in the
United States of America and Europe, notably Scandinavia, Prof. Dr. Gencay
Gürsoy undertook neuroradiology training in Norway between 1967 and 1969.
Upon his return to Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, he initiated the practice
of contemporary diagnostic and interventional procedures along with his team [4].
E. T. Tali (*)
Department of Radiology, Lokman Hekim University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
D. Birchall (ed.), A World History of Neuroradiology,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-16653-1_20
203© The Author(s) 2026
204
Fig. 20.1 The CT unit of Hacettepe University and one of its images. Permission and courtesy of
Prof. Oguz Dicle.Yuzyillik Yolculuk: Baslangicindan Gunumuze Turk Radyolojisi. 1995, 5G
Matbaacılık Ltd. Sti. Istanbul
E. T. Tali
Fig. 20.2 Early pioneers
The growing popularity of neuroradiology spurred interest from both neurologists
and radiologists, leading to turf battles within the eld. Concurrently, the number
of individuals seeking neuroradiology training abroad from various institutions surged.
In Türkiye, neuroradiology was established as a clinic or division for the rst
time in 1975. With the decision of the Faculty Board of Istanbul University
Istanbul Medical Faculty, the Neuroradiology Division became a part of the
Department of Neurology. Subsequently, plans were set in motion for an “Institute
of Neurological Sciences” within the Capa campus of Istanbul University, which
would encompass the Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, as well as the
Neuroradiology Division. Construction of this facility, outtted with state-of-theart equipment for the period, was nalized in 1982 and inaugurated by the Prime
Minister at the time.Around the same period, propelled by the foresight of Prof.
20 Neuroradiology inTürkiye
205
Dr. Abdullah Kenanoglu, the Chair of the Department of Radiology at Hacettepe
University Faculty of Medicine in Ankara, and under the auspices of Rector Prof.
Dr. Ihsan Dogramaci, the 6th (some sources suggest the 11th) EMI Computed
Brain Tomography worldwide was installed in the Department of Radiology at
Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine in April 1976 (Fig.20.1) (6-13). This
device could complete each image in a 64x90 matrix in 4.5 minutes. It took
approximately two hours for an examination to appear. Following cerebral angiography and pneumoencephalography, this equipment heralded a new era in neuroradiology not only within our country but globally as well.In 1980, Istanbul
University published the rst cranialangiography book in Türkiye authored by
Prof. Dr. Hayrünnisa Denktas and Prof. Dr. Sabahattin Kerimoglu. The year 1982
marked a signicant milestone as Prof. Dr. Reha Tolun returned from neuroradiology training in France and conducted the inaugural "balloon embolization" in a
patient aficted with carotico- cavernous stula. During the early 1980s, Prof. Dr.
Münci Oran, following his training in Glasgow, UK commenced the application
of contemporary diagnostic neuroradiology techniques at the Department of
Radiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine. Concurrently, Prof. Dr.
Baki Göksan, from the Department of Neurology at Istanbul Cerrahpasa Medical
Faculty, pioneered the utilization of Doppler ultrasonography in neuroradiology.
The inception of the rst digital subtraction angiography (DSA) device in
Türkiye was installed in 1986 within the Department of Radiology at Gazi
University, Faculty of Medicine. The diversication of interventional neuroradiological procedures ensued through the endeavors of Prof. Dr. Olcay Cizmeli and
Prof. Dr. Erhan Ilgit, who worked to facilitate and to assist the importation of those
materials from foreign companies to our country [5–13].
In 1986, during the restructuring in the university, efforts were made to transition
the Neuroradiology Division of the Department of Neurology at Istanbul University
Faculty of Medicine into a section. However, disagreements arose, primarily from
radiologists seeking involvement in neuroradiology, leading to protracted discussions. Ultimately, in 1988, the decision was made to found Neuroradiology as an
independent department instead of a section of a department, with Prof. Dr. Cahit
Babuna from the Department of Radiology appointed as its chair. Prof. Dr. Reha
Tolun from the Department of Neurology and Prof. Dr. Ozenc Minareci from the
Department of Radiology were also designated faculty members. Nonetheless, in
1989, the Council of Higher Education dismantled the Department of Neuroradiology,
relegating Neuroradiology back to a section within the Department of Radiology.
With the visionary leadership of Prof. Dr. Abdullah Kenanoglu, this time as the
founding Dean of Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine in Izmir and Chair
of the Department of Radiology, the rst Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
device was installed in the Department of Radiology. This marked a signicant
breakthrough for our country in the eld of neuroradiology. Subsequently, in the
same year, three more MRI devices were introduced, with two in Istanbul and one
in Ankara, elevating neuroradiological diagnostic capabilities to a new level.
As technological advancements in neuroradiology and radiology accelerated
globally, in 1990, proactive steps were being taken in Türkiye to acquaint itself with
206
Fig. 20.3 The inaugural cranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) embolization was performed in 1990
E. T. Tali
these new technological innovations in both diagnostic and interventional neuroradiology. In 1990, Prof. Dr. E.Turgut Tali embarked on diagnostic neuroradiology
training at the University of Iowa in the USA, while Pro. f Dr. Civan Islak pursued
training in both diagnostic and interventional neuroradiology in Nancy, France.
Subsequently, in 1991, Prof. Dr. Isil Saatci underwent similar training at Georgetown
University in the USA, followed by Prof. Dr. Saruhan Cekirge, who pursued interventional neuroradiology training at Pittsburg University in the USA in 1992
(Fig.20.2).
The history of Turkish neuroradiology is marked by a series of events peculiar to
Türkiye. Türkiye was among the rst European countries in which interventional
neuroradiology developed as a strong discipline, overcoming the obstacles presented by the notorious political situation. In spite of many obstacles, modern diagnostic and interventional neuroradiology suites established in many Radiology
Departments, where nowadays, all kinds of neuroradiology techniques for treatment
of cerebrovascular disease are routinely performed.
Meanwhile, the inaugural cranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) embolization was performed in 1990 by Prof. Dr. Umman Sanlidilek from the Department of
Radiology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine (Fig.20.3) [12].Upon the return
of Dr. Civan Islak, followed by Dr. Isil Saatci and Dr. Saruhan Cekirge from their
overseas training, advanced techniques in interventional neuroradiology were seamlessly integrated into routine practice and research, fostering international collaborations in the eld.
In 1991, the Turkish Society of Neuroradiology (TSNR) was founded in Istanbul,
under the leadership of Prof. Dr. Oktay Cokyüksel, the Chair of the Department of
Radiology at Istanbul Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, uniting individuals dedicated to
advancing this eld. Dr. Oktay Cokyüksel assumed the role of the rst President of
the Society. Currently, TSNR has 221 full, 140 junior members actively practicing
neuroradiology in Türkiye. TSNR is a member of the World Federation of
Neuroradiological Societies, the Asian and Oceanian Society of Neuroradiology
and Head and Neck Radiology, and an institutional member of the European Society
of Neuroradiology. TSNR also collaborates with numerous international societies
such as the American Society of Neuroradiology, the American Society of Spine
20 Neuroradiology inTürkiye
207
Radiology, WFITN, and ESMINT.Initially, “Rivista di Neuroradiologia,” indexed
in major indexes such as SCI and Index Medicus, was the ofcial journal of the
society alongside the Italian Society of Neuroradiology. Since 2012,
“Neuroradiology” has become the ofcial journal of the society.
In 1994, Dr. Oktay Cokyüksel founded the Section of Neuroradiology within the
Department of Radiology at Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine.
This section transitioned to its independent facility in 2004 with brand new equipment. Subsequently, Neuroradiology Sections were established within the
Departments of Radiology in numerous universities.
In the same year, the treatments of cerebral aneurysms with Guglielmi detachable coils were performed by Dr. Civan Islak from Istanbul University Cerrahpasa
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology and with MDS and IDC detachable
coils by Dr. Isil Saatci and Dr. Saruhan Cekirge from Hacettepe University Faculty
of Medicine, Department of Radiology for the rst time.
The inaugural event of the Turkish Society of Neuroradiology took place in 1997
as the “Symposium on White Matter Diseases Imaging” featuring the participation
of esteemed experts such as Dr. James Barkovich and Dr. Jan Brismar.
In 1998, Dr. Isil Saatci introduced the intranidal long Onyx injection technique,
pioneering the concept of curative treatment in arteriovenous malformations
(AVMs); it gained global acceptance. In 1999, the treatment of aneurysms with
liquid ONYX began to gain prominence, with Dr. Cekirge and Dr. Saatci in
Hacettepe University being the rst Turkish team to collaborate with European and
US centers involved in FDA trials on this subject. Their publications on the use of
Onyx in AVM and aneurysm treatment received over 1000 citations reecting their
impact in the eld. During the same years, Dr. Cekirge pioneered the concept of
advanced reconstruction of the aneurysm neck with intracranial stenting associated
with coiling and/or Onyx, marking a global breakthrough. This group also initiated
aneurysm treatments with coronary stents for the rst time worldwide, in collaboration with several international centers.
The international engagement of the Turkish Society of Neuroradiology and neuroradiologists expanded signicantly. In 2001, the rst certication course of the
European Society of Neuroradiology, sixth Cycle third course, was convened in
Antalya (Fig. 20.4). Subsequently, in 2003, the 12th Advanced Course
and28thAnnual Congress of the European Society of Neuroradiology, organized
by Dr. E.Turgut Tali in Istanbul, achieved resounding success (Fig.20.5).
In 2006, under the leadership of the Chairman Prof. Dr. Aytekin Besim, Dr. Isil
Saatci, and Dr. Saruhan Cekirge from Hacettepe Medical Faculty, Department of
Radiology, Dr. Civan Islak and Prof Dr. Naci Kocer from Cerrahpaşa Medical
Faculty Section of Neuroradiology, and Dr. E.Turgut Tali from Gazi University
Medical Faculty Section of Neuroradiology, organized the rst international interventional neuroradiology live course with the name of “Anatolian Course in
Interventional Neuroradiology” (Fig.20.6).
In the same year, Dr. E.Turgut Tali took a role in the Executive Committee of the
European Society of Neuroradiology and subsequently served as its president from
2012 to 2014.
208
E. T. Tali
Fig. 20.4 The international engagement of the Turkish Society of neuroradiology and
neuroradiologists
By the end of 2008, following the introduction of the Pipeline device, Drs.
Cekirge, Saatci, and their team in Hacettepe University participated in the FDA
Trial for Pipeline (PUFS) alongside eight major USA centers, earning recognition
as the center with the highest number of cases in the trial. Following FDA approval
of the Pipeline device, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Department of