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What do you think?

  • What other devices/tools have changed over the centuries (over the last 50 years)?

  • What do you think such changes were caused by?

  • What improvements did they lead to?

Get real

Search the Internet and/or any popular science magazines to find information on the transformations of any device or tool in your field of study. Create a timeline to demonstrate its evolution.

Writing

Managing your learning: Narrating and reporting

Past tense is common. Chronological order is also common, but when we are writing about past events, it is necessary to be explicit about the order in which things happened. To show the sequence of events use dates and time as well as time/sequence expressions.

Write a paragraph of about 100-150 words describing the evolution of the chosen device/tool. Give reasons for your choice. Make use of the timeline help box and Tool box.

In the Realm of Science

  1. Read the abbreviations and think of their equivalents in your native language. Use a dictionary if necessary.

AI

VR

IT

GM

GPS

HDTV

HTML

DNA

R&D

  1. Here are some of the widely-used terms in science you should know.

Biodiversity

-

the existence of a large number of different kinds of animals and plants which make a balanced environment.

Bot

-

a computer program that performs a particular task again and again many times; shortened from robot.

Breed

-

to make animals or plants produce young ones in a controlled way, in order to develop new and better types.

Cell

-

the smallest unit of living matter that can exist on its own.

Cellular

-

1) connected with or consisting of the cells 2) connected with a telephone system that works by radio instead of wires, e.g. a cellular network

Cyber

-

a prefix for things related to computers, especially the Internet, e.g. cybercafe

Eco-friendly

-

not harmful to the environment

Emission

-

the production or sending out of light, heat, gas, etc.

Food additives

-

a substance that is added in small amounts to food, in order to improve it, give it colour, make it last longer

Gene therapy

-

a type of medical treatment that changes someone’s genes to help them get rid of a disease or cure a medical condition.

Genetic engineering

-

when scientists change the genes of a person, plant or animal in order to make it stronger, healthier, bigger, more attractive, etc.

Genome

-

the complete set of genes in a cell or living thing

Gizmo

-

a general word for a small piece of equipment, often one that does sth in a new and clever way

Hi-definition

-

a system which provides very high quality images in more detail than ordinary images

Nanotech

-

short for nanotechnology - an area of science that deals with creating extremely small tools and machines

Placebo

-

a drug which has no physical effects, used in pharmaceutical tests to distinguish the physical effects of taking a real drug from its psychological effects.

Side effect

an extra, usually bad, occurrence caused by taking a drug. It is also used in non-medical English in a more neutral way.

Sci-fi

-

science-fiction

Wi-Fi

-

short for wireless fidelity - a system for sending data over computer networks using radio waves instead of wires

Unit 1. Progress Monitoring

In this unit you have worked on the following vocabulary related to the topic “Latest achievements and future developments in science”

  • challenging situation

  • to be instrumental to

  • technological innovations

  • to supply sb with sth

  • to witness sth

  • a key/vital factor/role

  • origins of sth

  • to search for ways

  • evolution of sth

  • crucial/critical

  • to make progress

  • to be indispensible for

  • a momentous change

  • main/major reasons

  • to provide the basis for

  • to survive the test of time

  • to become visible

  • to face sth (challenges)

Tick (V) the points you are confident about and cross (X) the ones you need to revise.