- •4. On the East Side
- •I. Translate the following phrases and sentences from the text:
- •II. Give the principal forms of the following verbs:
- •III. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Russian phrases and sentences. Use them in situations based on the text:
- •IV. Respond to the following questions or statements and correct them(if necessary). When expressing disagreement make sure you begin your answers with such commonly accepted phrases as:
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Find evidence in the text to support the following statements:
- •VII. Talk about: a) Erik's summer experience; b) Erik's interview with Professor Fox; c) Professor Fox's first impression of Erik Gorin.
- •VIII. Make up dialogues between:
- •XVIII. Give English equivalents for the following short sentences (see Vocabulary and Ex. Ill):
- •XIX. Suggest Russian equivalents for the word combinations in bold type and explain the use of the synonyms in the following sentences:
- •XX. Read the following sentences paying careful attention to the words and word combinations in bold type. Suggest their Russian equivalents:
- •XXI. Translate the following situations paying careful attention to the words and word combinations in bold type:.
- •XXII. Make up short dialogues using the following structural patterns:
- •XXIII. Read the text and retell it following the points in the outline given below. Make a list of the words and word combinations in the text which you could use to develop each point:
- •XXIV. Make up situations based on the episode from the autobiography of Charlie Chaplin using the following word combinations and structural patterns:
- •1. Clauses of Unreal Condition
- •II. Give the principal forms of the following verbs:
- •III. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Russian phrases and sentences. Use them in situations based on the text:
- •IV. Respond to the following questions or statements and correct them if necessary (see Unit One, Ex. IV, p. 22):
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Find evidence in the text to support the following statements:
- •VII. Quote sentences which prove that it is a humorous story.
- •VIII. Make up stories as they might have been told by:
- •XVI. Form as many questions as possible on the topics given below using the pattern to have smth done. Ask your comrades to answer your questions:.
- •XVII. Make up short situations using the following pairs of structural patterns:
- •XVIII. Read (he text and retell it in the form of a story retaining the sentences of unreal condition:
- •XIX. Give English equivalents for the following short sentences (see Vocabulary and Ex. Hi):
- •XX. Suggest Russian equivalents for the words and word combinations in bold type and explain the use of the synonyms in the following sentences:
- •XXI. Read the following sentences paying careful attention to 'he words and word combinations in bold type. Suggest their Russian equivalent:
- •XXII. Translate the following situations. Use the active vocabulary of Unit Two for the words and word combinations in bold type:
- •XXIII. Make up short dialogues using the following structural patterns:
- •XXIV Read the story and retell it following the outline given below. Make a list of the words and word combinations in the text which you could use to develop each point:
- •XXV. Make tip situations based on the story "The-Legend of Sleepy Hollow" using the following word combinations and structural patterns:
- •I. Translate the following sentences and situations:
- •II. Render into English:
- •Vocabulary extension
- •1. Sentences with /Is-clauses
- •2. Had better, would rather
- •3. The Absense of Article with Nouns in Apposition
- •Vocabulary
- •I wonder who he is, what he wants, why he is here, whether he will come again:
- •I. Translate the following sentences from the text:
- •II. Give the principal forms of the following verbs?
- •III. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Russian phrases and sentences and use them in situations based on the text:.
- •IV. Respond to the following questions or statements and correct them if necessary (see Unit One, Ex. IV, p. 22):
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI Find evidence in the text to support the following statements:
- •VII Make up stories as they might have been told by:
- •VIII Make up dialogues between:
- •XV. Respond to the following statements, questions or requests using had better or would rather. Give two variants wherever possible. Add a sentence or two to make the situation clear:
- •XVI. Give English equivalents for the following short sentences (see Vocabulary and Ex. Ill):
- •XVII. Read the following sentences paying careful attention to the words and word combinations in bold type and suggest their Russian equivalents:
- •XVIII.Analyse the use of the tenses in the following sentences. Translate them .Into Russian:.
- •XIX. Translate the following situations. Use the active vocabulary of Unit Three for the words and word combinations in bold type;
- •XX. Read the story and retell it Following the outline given below. Make a list of the words in the text which you could use to develop each point:.
- •XXI. Make up situations based on the story "The Tattoo" using the following word combinations and structural patterns:
- •XXII. Make up sentences based on the story "The Tattoo" using clauses of unreal condition.
- •I. Use one of the patterns - to do smth, to have smth done, to want/need doing smth - in your answers to the question: What would you do or say or ask if....:
- •II. Translate the following sentences and situations a) into Russian::
- •III. Render into English:
- •Vocabulary extension
- •1. Read the following text and translate the word combinations given below each point of the outline. Retell the text following the points:
- •II. Read the text and retell it in the form of a story. Enlarge on the story making use of the words and word combinations from the previous text "Being hi";
- •III. Read the text and write down the words and word combinations connected will; dentistry giving their Russian equivalents. Retell the text in brief;
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Translate the following phrases and sentences from the text:;
- •II. Give the principal forms of the following verbs:
- •III. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Russian phrases and use them in situations based on the text:;
- •IV. Develop the thought expressed in each sentence to bring out the meaning of the words in bold type:
- •V. Give a neutral variant for each of the following:
- •VI. Answer the following questions:
- •VII. Translate the following sentences using the structural patterns:
- •VIII. Give English equivalents for the following short sentences (see Vocabulary and Ex. Ill):
- •IX. Read the following sentences paying careful attention to the words and word combinations in bold type. Suggest their Russian equivalents:
- •X. Make up short dialogues using the following structural patterns:
- •1. Sentences with so fAaf-clauses ... Move his chair so that he can see
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Translate the following phrases and sentences from the text:
- •VI. Find evidence in the texts (in both parts) to support the following statements:
- •VII. Give a detailed description of each of the following episodes in the third person (Texts 1, 2)I
- •VIII. Make up stories as they might have been told by:
- •IX. Make up character-sketches of Mr. Drake and Mrs. Thayer. Make a list of words and word combinations to help you describe the characters.
- •X. Suggest a title for the story and give your reasons.
- •XI. Translate the following sentences using the structural patterns?
- •XII. Give English equivalents for the following Russian short sentences (see Vocabulary and Ex. III):
- •XIII. Read the following sentences paying careful attention to the words and word combinations in bold type. Suggest their Russian equivalents:
- •XIV. Translate the following situations. Use the active vocabulary of Unit Four for the words and word combinations in bold type;
- •XV. Read the story and give full answers to the questions that follow the text. Make a list of the words in the text which you could use in your answers:
- •XVI. Make up situations based on the text "One Coat of White" using the following word combinations and structural patterns:
- •XVII. Read (he story and write out English and American equivalents for the Russian words given after the text:
- •Vocabulary extension
- •I. Read the text paying careful attention to the words and word combinations in bold type. Give their Russian equivalents. Get ready to discuss the problem:
- •III. Comment on the following statements concerning visiting, tact, manners (use facts from the texts to prove, illustrate or refute them):
- •IV. Topics for discussion:
- •V. Read the text and retell it:
- •VI. Give a talk on the difference between be and ae, Make up a written outline to guide you.
- •VII. Read the poem. Try to trace the similarity in the views of the author of the poem and the main character of the story "Liberty Hall". Could you accept this attitude towards life?
- •I. Interpret the words given in bold type:
- •II. Answer the following questions:
- •III. Point out the main thought expressed by the poet in each of the three stanzas of the poem.
- •IV. Memorize the poem.
- •V.Read extracts from the following poems. Point out their lexical and syntactical peculiarities using the commentary given to the poem "The Song of the Wage-Slave":
- •VI. State what kinds of relations form the basis for each case of metonymy in the text of the poems "To the Men of England", 'The Song of the Shirt" and "Sons of Poverty".
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Give (he principal forms of the following verbs?
- •III. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Russian phrases and sentences and use them in situations based on the text:
- •IV. Answer the following questions.
- •V. Mke up stories as they might have been told by:
- •VI. Find evidence in the text to support the following statements:
- •VII. Suggest a title for the text and give reasons for your choice.
- •VIII. Give ail possible Russian equivalents for the parts in bold type;
- •IX. Translate the following sentences using the structural patterns:
- •X. Give English equivalents for the following short sentences (see Vocabulary and; Ex. Ill):
- •XI. Suggest Russian equivalents for the word combinations in bold type and explain the use of the synonyms in the following sentences:
- •XII. Translate the following situations. Use the active vocabulary of Unit Six for the words and word combinations in bold type:
- •XIII. Make up short dialogues using the following structural patterns:
- •XV. Make up situations based on the story "Patients Needed" using the following word combinations and structural patterns:
- •Vocabulary extension
- •I. Reproduce the following situations based on the works of famous English and American authors. Make sure that you use the active vocabulary:
- •II. Insert prepositions if necessary:
- •III. Read the story and retell it. Then, using it as a basis, think of sentences which will contain clauses of unreal condition:
- •IV. Read the text and translate it into Russian paying careful attention to the use of the modal verbs. Make up another dialogue with the same structural patterns:
- •V. Respond to the following statements expressing probability, doubt, incredulity or near certainty;
- •VI. Change the following sentences using didn't have to or needn't have done to express absence of necessity:
- •VII. Revise the texts included in Units One-Six. Get ready to answer the following questions:
- •VIII. Make up dialogues on the following topics:
- •IX. Translate the following situalions in written form:
- •Vocabulary
- •II. Look up the synonyms to snatch, to seize, to grip (схватить) in an English-English dictionary or a reference book and explain the difference between them.
- •I. Translate the following sentences or parts of sentences from the text:)
- •II. Find English equivalents in the text for the following Russian word combinations, phrases and sentences:
- •III. Reproduce situations from the text using the following word combinations:
- •IV. Make up disjunctive questions or wrong statements covering the contents of the story and ask your comrades to respond to them (see Unit One, Ex. IV, p. 22).
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Find evidence in the text to support the following statements:
- •VII. Make up stories as they might have been told by:
- •VIII. Make up dialogues between:
- •IX. Make up character-sketches of Mrs. Packletide and Miss Mebbin.
- •I. Translate the following sentences using the structural patterns:
- •II. Make up short situations suggested by the following sentences paying careful attention to the word combinations in bold type:
- •III. Translate the following sentences paying careful attention to the parts in bold type:
- •IV. Read the sentences and explain the use of the synonyms to snatch, to seize, to grip:
- •V. Read the story and retell it following the outline given below. Make a list of the words in the text to develop each point:
- •VI. Make up situations based on the story "His Wedded Wife" using the following word combinations:
- •VII. Render into English:
- •VIII. Read the following sentences and suggest Russian equivalents for the parts in bold type:
- •1. Sentences with before-clauses
- •2. Infinitive of Subsequent Action
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying careful attention to the word combinations in bold type:
- •II. Look up the verb to change in an English-English dictionary and write down its meanings. In which of the meanings is it synonymous to the verb to alter? Explain the difference. Give examples.
- •I. Translate into Russian passages from the text which begin and end as follows:
- •II. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Russian phrases and senr tences:
- •III. Reproduce situations from the text using the following word combinations
- •IV. Make up disjunctive questions or wrong statements covering the contents of the story and ask your comrades to respond to them (see Unit One, Ex. IV, p. 22).
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Translate the following sentences using the structural patterns:
- •III. Make op situations suggested by the following sentences paying careful attention to the word combinations in bold type:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences paying careful attention to the parts in bold type:
- •V. Read the following sentences paying carefuJ attention to the words and word combinations in bold type. Suggest their Russian equivalents:
- •VI. Make up short dialogues using the following structural patterns:
- •VII. Read the story and retell it following the outline given below. Make a list of the words and word combinations in the text which you could use to develop each point:
- •VIII. Make up sentences based on the story "The Pendulum" using the following word combinations and structural patterns:
- •IX. Render into English:
- •X. Read the following sentences and suggest Russian equivalents for the parts in bold type:
- •1. Absolute Nominative Constructions
- •2. There's not a...
- •3. Participle I as Adverbial Modifier
- •Vocabulary
- •I. Translate the following sentences paying careful attention to the words and word combinations in bold type. Give possible variants:
- •II. Look up the meanings of the verbs to divide and to share as used in the following sentences and say how they differ:
- •I. Translate into Russian passages from the text which begin and end as follows;
- •II. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Russian phrases and sentences:
- •III. Reproduce situations from the text using the following words and word combinations:
- •IV. Make up disjunctive questions or wrong statements covering the contents of the story and ask your comrades to respond to them (see Unit One, Ex. IV, p. 22).
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Translate the following sentences paying careful attention to the absolute nominative constructions:
- •III. Translate the following sentences using the structural patterns:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences paying careful attention to the parts in bold type:
- •V. Read the following sentences carefully and suggest Russian equivalents for the word combinations in bold type:
- •VI. Translate the following sentences using the verbs to share and to divide:
- •VII. Make up short dialogues using the following structural patterns:
- •VIII. Read the story and retell it following the outline given below. Make a list of the words in the text which you could use to develop each point:
- •IX. Make up situations based on the story "The Boy Next Door" using the following word combinations and structural patterns:
- •X. Read the following sentences and suggest Russian equivalents for the parts in bold type:
- •I. Translate the following situations paying careful attention to the words and word combinations in bold type:
- •II. Render into English:
- •I. Interpret the following sentences:
- •II. Ahswer the following questions:
- •III. Learn the poem by heart.
- •IV. The following are three translations of John Barleycorn. Which variant do you prefer? Give reasons for your choice:
- •V. Give the metrical scheme used in the following verses. Point out all the violations of the metre;
- •2. Clauses of Real Condition
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Translate the following phrases and sentences from the text:
- •II. Find in the text English equivalents for the following Russian phrases and sentences:
- •III. Reproduce situations from the text using the following words and word combinations:
- •IV. Answer the following questions:
- •II. Make up situations suggested by the following sentences paying careful attention to the word combinations in bold type:
- •III Translate the following sentences paying careful attention to the parts in bold type:.
- •IV. Make up short dialogues using the following structural patterns:".
- •V. Read the following sentences and suggest Russian equivalents for the parts in bold type:
- •1. Sentences with while-clauses
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Translate the following sentences from the text:
- •II. Give English equivalents for the following sentences:
- •III. Reproduce situations from the text using the following words and word combinations:
- •IV. Answer the following questions:
- •V. Find evidence in the text to support tfie following statements:
- •VI. Make an outline of the text and retell it following your points.
- •VII. Read the sentences with while-clauses. State the meaning of while and the time relations of the actions:
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences using the structural patterns:
- •IX. Make up short situations using the following gerundial phrases?
- •XI. Make up situations suggested by the following sentences paying careful attention to the word combinations in bold type:
- •XII. Read the following sentences and suggest Russian equivalents for the parts in bold type:
- •XIII. Render into English:
- •XIV. Read the following excerpt and retell it in brief:
- •I. Translate into Russian the following sentences and passages from the text which begin and end as follows:
- •II. Find English equivalents for the following Russian phrases and sentences;
- •III. Reproduce situations from the text using the following word combinations!
- •IV. Answer the following questions:
- •IX. Read the following sentences and commeqf on the character of the semantic relations between the components of the verb-postpositive phrases in bold type. Give their Russian equivalents:
- •X. Translate the Following sentences paying careful attention to the parts in bold type:
- •XI. Read the following sentences and suggest Russian equisralents for the verb-postpositive phrases in bold type:
- •XIV. Read the following excerpts and retell them in brief:
- •1. Translate the following sentences and situations:
- •III. Read the end of the story and retell it using the following verb-postpositive phrases wherever possible. Reread the whole story and discuss the title:
- •I. Reproduce the following situations. Make sure that you use the active vocabulary:
- •II. Fill in prepositions and postpositives:
- •III. Point out the structural patterns and explain their use. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •IV. Revise the texts included in Units Seven-Thirteen. Get ready to answer the following questions:
- •VI. Choose any 10 word combinations out of the following list and "rite sentences (or short situations) in Russian based on the story "The Boatswain's Mate". Discuss the sentences in class:
- •VII. Make up dialogues on the following topics:
- •VIII. Translate the following situations in written form:
- •I. Supply a title to the story and give reasons for your choice.
- •II. Pick out sentences in the story illustrating the various types of if-clauses.
- •III. Make up 5 Russian sentences with clauses of unreal condition based on the story. Ask your comrades to translate them into English.
- •I. What helps you guess the author of the passage? What is the author's name?
- •II. How do you know that it is a passage from a detective story?
- •III. Have you read any short stories by the author? Tell one of them.
- •I. What do we learn from the extract about the author's way of reading? What did he gain from such reading?
- •II. Why did he call himself a bad reader?
- •I. What book does the passage come from?
- •II. What do you think of the man? What made him such an extraordinary person? Why did he attract other people?
- •I. What is the title of the story? Who is its author?
- •Il. What state do you think Johnsy was in? Why did she watch the dry leaves falling?
- •III. What happened later?
- •I. What book does the extract come from? Comment on the language.
- •II.How did the man happen to find himself in the gloomy passages alone and half-dressed?
- •III. Write a simplified version of the passage using your active whenever possible.
- •I. Pick out all the proverbs in the story and give their Russian equivalents.
- •II. Write an end to the story using some of the following proverbs;
- •I. What story does the passage fit into?
- •II. What do you think the cause of Mr. Jones's illness was?
- •I. How does (he passage fit info the story "One Coat of White"?
- •II. Bring out the meaning of "People don’t often look their business". Do you agree to the statement? Give examples to justify jour point of view.
- •I. How does the author characterize a modern disease the name of which is travel? Are you taken with a similar disease when your summer or winter vacations are coming?
- •II. What aim do you set yourself when you travel or go hiking?
- •III. What thoughts in the extract strike you as most humorous?
- •I. What efforts at self-improvement have you ever made? Were they successful?
- •II. Write a short story about one of your efforts at self-improvement and what came of it.
- •III. Pick out words and word combinations in the story which you think are used by the author to achieve a humorous effect.
- •I. Make up a few questions on the passage and ask your comrades to answer them.
- •II. Think of a number of statements concerning events in the text and ask your comrades to find evidence in the text to support them.
- •I. What story is the passage taken from? How does it fit into it?
- •II. What did the girl look like as she hurried to the painter's studio? What do you know about her from the rest of the story?
- •III. What city is described in the passage? What similes help you guess? What do you know about the city?
- •I. Read and translate the text.
- •II. Give English equivalents for the following Russian word combinations and phrases:
- •III. Answer the following questions. Make use of the word combinations listed in brackets:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences using words and word combinations from the text:
- •V. Make a written translation of the following passages:
- •VI. Reproduce the following passages:
- •VII. Speak on the Soviet Union's achievements in different spheres of life. Make use of the text and the additional passages given in Exercises V, VI.
1. Clauses of Unreal Condition
... the referee would certainly have been murdered had not a Five Towns crowd observed its usual miraculous self-restraint.
In sentences with clauses of unreal condition there may be four different combinations of forms:
Clause of unreal condition |
Principal clause |
a) the Past Indefinite |
would + indefinite infinitive |
b) the Past Indefinite |
would + perfect infinitive indefinite |
c) the Past Perfect |
would + infinitive continuous |
d) the Past Perfect |
would + perfect infinitive |
Perfect forms refer the actions to the past, non-perfect - to the present or future.
If you offered him your help now, he would not refuse it this time, (a) |
Если бы вы сейчас предложили ему свою помощь, он бы на этот раз не отказался. |
If he had good manners, he would have seen you home yesterday, (b) |
Если бы он был воспитанным человеком, он бы проводил вас вчера домой. |
If 1 had accepted their offer, I would now have every opportunity to do research, (c) |
Если бы я принял их предложение, у меня были бы сейчас все возможности заниматься исследованиями. |
If you had not missed the turning, we would be approaching the city now. (c) |
Если бы ты не пропустил поворот, мы бы сейчас подъезжали к городу. |
If Mrs. Clowes had not objected, Mr. Cowlishaw would have filled her tooth, (d) |
Если бы миссис Клауз не возражала, мистер Каулишо запломбировал бы ей зуб. |
Note: When sentences with clauses of unreal condition are used with reference to characters in fiction, perfect forms are used.
If Mr. Cowlishaw had gone to the match on his opening day, it would have been sheer madness.
2. Complex Object
a) ... he waited for dental sufferers to come to him from all quarters of the Five Towns.
37
Such verbs as to expect, to hate, to wait (for), to ask (for) and the expression should/would like take the Complex Object where the infinitive is used with the particle to.
to expect smb to do smth
Professor Fox did not expect Erik to talk to him about his vacation. |
Профессор Фокс не ожидал, что Эрик будет говорить с ним о каникулах. |
to hate smb to do smth (often passive)
I hate my sister to be gazed at. |
Я терпеть не могу, когда на мою сестру так пристально смотрят. |
should/would like smb to do smth; 'd like smb to do smth
I'd like you to drive me home. |
Мне бы хотелось, чтобы вы отвезли меня домой. |
to wait for smb to do smth
He waited for us to tell him the whole story. |
Он ждал, когда мы расскажем ему свою историю. |
to ask for smth to be done (usu passive)
He asked for the papers to be brought in the morning. |
Он попросил, чтобы бумаги принесли утром. |
Note: The verbs to wait for and to ask for when followed by the Complex Object retain the preposition for.
b) I had 'em all picked up.
The verb to have takes the Complex Object with the past participle - to have smth done. The construction is commonly used to express an action performed on the request or order of the person denoted by the subject.
I must have my hair done. |
Мне нужно сделать прическу. |
He wants to have his suit pressed. |
Он хочет, чтобы ему погладили костюм. |
Please, have these things brought into the house. |
Пожалуйста, скажите, чтобы эти вещи внесли в дом. |
He ought to have her examined by the doctor. |
Он должен показать ее врачу. |
Note: Russian impersonal sentences of the type Дом необходимо побелить, это платье нужно выстирать, и т. п. are translated with the verbs to want/need + gerund.
The house wants (needs) painting. This dress wants (needs) washing. My shoes want (need) repairing, etc.
3. Gerund as Prepositional Object (Verb + Prep + Gerund)
He had a drooping moustache, which prevented Mr. Cowlishaw from adding his teeth up instantly.
38
Here are some verbs which take a prepositional object expressed by a gerund:
to dream of doing smth
Even as a boy Charile Chaplin dreamt of becoming an actor. |
Уже в детстве Чарли Чаплин мечтал стать актером. |
to look forward to doing smth
I am looking forward to our seeing you next week. |
Я с нетерпением жду, когда мы встретимся с тобой на следующей неделе. |
to think of doing smth
Ann thought of going to the seaside lout the doctor did not advise her to. |
Анна думала поехать к морю, и врач не советовал ей делаь этого. |
to insist on doing smth
It was late and she insisted on seeing me to the station. |
Было поздно, и она настаивала на том, чтобы проводить меня до станции. |
VOCABULARY
1. Mr. Cowlishaw - aged twenty-four, was...
// aged a [eıdჳd] (of the age) - в возрасте.
This adjective is placed after the noun it modifies.
...a boy aged ten |
мальчик (в возрасте) десяти лет |
She at once sent Peter (now aged seven) with a note to her friend. |
Она тотчас же послала Питера, которому было уже семь лет, с запиской к своей подруге. // |
age n - возраст
at the age of - в возрасте
Peter went to school at the age of five. |
Питер пошел в школу в возрасте пяти лет. |
at an early age - в раннем возрасте
David learned to read at an early Давид рано научился читать, age.
-
to look one's age - выглядеть соответственно своему возрасту
-
to look young for one's age - выглядеть молодо для своих лет
-
to look more (less) than one's age - выглядеть старше (моложе) своих лет
-
to be under age - быть несовершеннолетним, не достичь совершеннолетия
-
to be (come) of age - стать совершеннолетним, достичь совершеннолетия
39
2. Nothing lacked there.
// The verb to lack used intransitively as in the text is not common.//
to lack vt - be entirely without or have very little of - совершенно не иметь, не хватать, недоставать; испытывать недостаток в чем-л.
Не lacked a sense of humour. |
У него не было чувства юмора. |
I lacked words with which to express my thanks. |
У меня не хватало слов, чтобы выразить свою благодарность. |
Note: Care should be taken not to confuse the verb to lack with the verb to want.
The difference between to lack and to want is that when we say a person (or a thing) lacks something we simply state the fact that he (or it) does not -have it, whereas when we say a person (or a thing) wants something we do not only state the fact that he (or it) does not have it but at the same time we stress the fact that he is in need of it.
The house lacks a back stairway (it hasn't got one). The house wants a back stairway (it would be much better if it had one).
Lacking and wanting are synonymous.
to be lacking (wanting) in smth - not have enough - недоставать, не хватать
He is too young for the job, he is lacking (wanting) in life experience. |
Он слишком молод для такой работы, ему недостает жизненного опыта. |
3. ... is enough to cure all the toothache for miles around.
-
to cure vt - bring back to health; provide a remedy for a disease, ill-health or suffering; (fig) remove or get rid of (an evil) - вылечивать, излечивать; отучать
-
to cure smb of (a disease, a headache, etc) - вылечить кого-л. (от болезни, головной боли и т. п.)
-
to cure smth (a disease, a headache, a bad cough, etc) - вылечить (болезнь, головную боль, сильный кашель и т. и.)
-
to cure smb of bad habits - отучить кого-л. от дурных привычек
1 did not need to go to the doctor; I was able to cure myself. |
Мне не надо было ходить к доктору; я могла вылечить себя сама. |
He cured my sister of rheumatism. |
Он вылечил мою сестру от ревматизма. |
The boy often told lies and it was difficult to cure him of the bad habit. |
Мальчик часто говорил неправду, и было трудно отучить его от этой дурной привычки. |
There are other verbs in English to render the meaning of the Russian verbs лечить, вылечивать: to treat, to heal.
40
to treat vt - give medical or surgical care to - лечить
to treat smb, smth - лечить кого-л., что-л.
Who is treating you? |
Кто вас лечит? |
How do you treat a case of rheumatism? |
Как вы лечите ревматизм? |
to treat smb for (an illness) - лечить кого-л. от (болезни)
Which doctor is treating you for your illness? |
Какой доктор лечит вас от вашей болезни? |
As compared with the verb to cure to treat describes the process of curing, whereas to cure shows the result of treatment.
treatment n - лечение
to be under treatment, to have (take, get) treatment for (an illness) - лечиться от (болезни)
The boy has been (under treatment) having treatment for pneumonia for a week already, but there is no improvement so far. |
Мальчик уже неделю лечится от воспаления легких, но пока что улучшения нет. |
to heal vt & i (esp. of cuts, wounds and other injuries) - вылечивать, залечивать; заживать, залечиваться
The wound is closed, but it is not yet healed. |
Рана затянулась, но она еще не зажила. |
The burn soon healed up (over). Do you know any herb that could heal this cut quickly? |
Ожог скоро зажил. Ты знаешь какую-нибудь траву, которая могла бы быстро залечить этот порез? |
4. By a curious chance he had observed ... that she was obviously in pain from her teeth.
-
by chance - случайно
-
by a lucky chance - по счастливой случайности
-
quite by chance - совершенно случайно
-
to be in great pain - очень страдать от боли
5. But she had doubtless gone, despite her toothache, to the, football match.
doubtless adv (without doubt) - несомненно, вне всяких сомнений, без сомнения
Не said it would doubtless be an interesting interview. |
Он сказал, что это будет несомненно интересная встреча. |
-
doubt n - сомнение; нерешительность, колебание; неясность
-
no doubt - certainly - без сомнения, конечно
You've no doubt heard the news. Вы, конечно, слышали новости
41
to have no doubt + that-clause
I have no doubt that she was asleep within twenty minutes of my leaving her. |
Я не сомневаюсь, что она уже спала спустя двадцать минут после того, как я ушла. |
to have grave doubts about smth; to have grave doubts + whether (if)-clause
I have grave doubts about his honesty, sincerity. |
Я сильно сомневаюсь в его честности, искренности. |
I had grave doubts whether he would be able to do the job at all. |
Я сильно сомневалась, что он вообще сможет выполнить эту работу. |
to doubt vt - сомневаться в чем-л., подвергать сомнению, быть неуверенным в чем-л.
I do not doubt the truth of the story. |
Я не сомневаюсь в правдивости этой истории. |
We doubted his honesty. |
Мы сомневались в его честности. |
to doubt + whether (if)-clause
I doubt whether it is true. |
Я сомневаюсь, что это правда. |
I very much doubt whether I shall be able to get there in lime. |
Я сильно сомневаюсь, что смогу добраться туда вовремя. |
Note: The verb to doubt in the negative and interrogative sentences is followed by that-clause.
I don't doubt that he will like the story. |
Я не сомневаюсь, что ему понравится этот рассказ. |
Do you still doubt that. he will win? |
Вы все еще сомневаетесь, что он победит? |
6. So he sat and yawned, and gazed at the crowd...
To gaze vi (at, on, ugon) implies fixed and prolonged attention, esp as in admiration or wonder, or with interest - пристально глядеть; вглядываться; глазеть; уставиться.
Stop gazing around! |
Перестань глядеть по сторонам! |
What are you gazing at? |
На что это ты уставилась? |
She gazed upon him in bewilderment. |
Она смотрела на него с недоумением. |
Andrew Manson sat gazing with fixed intensity through the window upon the mountains which rose on either side of the single railway track. |
Эндрю Мэнсон, не отрываясь, смотрел в окно на горы, которые поднимались по обеим сторонам одноколейной дороги. |
Syn: to look, to stare. To look is the general term in this group.
I saw him looking another way. |
Я видела, что он смотрит в другую сторону. |
42
to look smb up and down - оглядывать кого-л. с головы до ног
The policeman looked George up and down and said: ... |
Полицейский оглядел Джорджа с головы до ног и сказал: ... |
То stare vi (at, into, etc) denotes a fixed and direct gazing at a person or object, usually with eyes wide open. It may imply curiosity, astonishment, insolence, rudeness, or vacant fixedness - пристально смотреть, уставиться; таращить, пялить глаза.
Не sat staring into space. |
Он сидел, уставясь в пространство. |
She didn't like being stared at. |
Она не любила, когда на нее пялили глаза. |
He was staring ahead of him, a puzzled expression in his . eyes. |
Он, не отрываясь, смотрел прямо перед собой, в глазах его было недоумение. |
7. Mr. Cowlishaw was just dozing over the Signal ...
to doze vi (over) - sleep lightly; be half asleep - дремать; дремать над чем-л.
to doze off - fall lightly asleep - задремать
It was stuffy in the coach and David dozed off. |
В почтовой карете было душно, и Давид задремал. |
8. ... when the door bell rang
the door bell rang - в дверь позвонили
there was a ring (knock) at the door - раздался звонок (стук) в дверь
9. With beating heart he retained his presence of mind.
// to retain one's presence of mind - lit. 11 Syn: to keep one's presence of mind - сохранять присутствие духа
Kemp kept his presence of mind and went on talking as if nothing had happened. |
Сохраняя присутствие духа, Кемп продолжал говорить, как будто ничего не случилось. |
10. An accident, I suppose?
accident n - несчастный случай; катастрофа; авария a car (road, traffic) accident; a railway accident or crash; an air crash or disaster; a shipwreck
to have an accident, to be involved in an accident - попасть в катастрофу, в аварию
I am sorry I came late. |
Извините, что я опоздала. |
I had a car accident (I was involved in a car accident). |
Я попала в аварию (машина, в которой я ехала, попала в аварию). |
43
Note: to meet with an accident may refer to the future, in form of a warning, or to the past with reference to a trifling accident.
Why are you so late? - Oh, I met with a trifling accident - the heel came off one of my. shoes and I had to go to a shoemaker. |
Почему ты опоздала? - О, со мной произошла неприятность: . у туфли оторвался каблук, и мне пришлось идти к сапожнику. |
11. "I had 'em all picked up"
to pick up vt
a) take hold of and lift up - поднимать, подбирать
John picked up Fleur's handkerchief and quickly hid it in his pocket. |
Джон поднял платок Флёр и быстро спрятал его в карман. |
b) call for; find; take along - заезжать, заходить за Кем-л., за чем-л.
He'll pick you up at five o'clock. |
Он заедет за вами в пять часов. |
I'll call and pick up the books if they are ready. |
Я зайду и захвачу книги, если они готовы. |
The bus stopped to pick up passengers. |
Автобус остановился и взял пассажиров. |
12. ... as you re a commencing dentist.
The word combination commencing + noun is very rarely used at present to denote a beginner.
The following words are more commonly used: a newly (recently) qualified dentist; a beginner.
13. ... that my teeth are on view at your premises.
to be on view - быть выставленным для обозрения - is the usual expression in connection with exhibitions, esp art exhibitions. As used in the text, it produces a humorous effect.
14. ... the idea was an idea of genius.
-
genius n - одаренность, гениальность
-
The noun genius has no corresponding adjective in English.
-
an idea of genius - гениальная мысль
-
a work of genius - гениальное творение
-
a scientist of genius - гениальный ученый
-
In the text the combination an idea of genius is used ironically.
The Russian word гениальный used emphatically in colloquial speech may be translated as brilliant, wonderful, splendid.
План был просто гениальный. |
This was a brilliant plan. |
15. ... and every gazer would inevitably be familiarized with ...
// to familiarize vt - make oneself or smb well acquainted with smth - познакомить, ознакомить кого-л. с чем-л. //
44
familiar adj - давно знакомый, обычный, привычный
Не talked to me of Chopin and played the familiar melodies with much brilliance. |
Он говорил со мной о Шопене и блестяще играл знакомые мелодии. |
to be (lock, sound, etc) familiar to smb - быть (казаться) известным, знакомым кому-л.
The name sounded familiar to me. |
Имя показалось мне знакомым. |
These facts are no doubt familiar to you. |
Зти факты, несомненно, вам уже известны. |
to be (grow, get, become, etc) familiar with smth - хорошо знать (освоиться с чем-л.)
There began the tea ceremony with which I was now very familiar. |
Затем началась церемония чаепития, с которой я была теперь хорошо знакома. |
He soon grew familiar with his new surroundings. |
Он скоро освоился с новой обстановкой. |
16. "I'm sorry I can't fall in with your scheme," he said.
to fall in with smth - agree to; yield - присоединиться к чему-л.; поддержать что-л.
However, she refused to fall in with my suggestion. |
Однако она отказалась поддержать мое предложение (не согласилась с моим предложением). |
to fall behind (with) - be late in doing smth - опаздывать (делать что-л.)
I've fallen behind with my rent (payments, correspondence, work, etc). |
Я задолжала за квартиру (запоздала с платежами, не ответила на письма вовремя, не выполнила работу в срок и т. п.). |
to fall into a deep (sound, heavy) sleep (usu after some extraordinary event, happening) - заснуть глубоким (крепким, тяжелым) сном; погрузиться в тяжелый сон и т. п.
After the night's adventure Tom fell into a heavy sleep. |
После ночного приключения Том заснул тяжелым сном. |
to fall asleep - заснуть |
|
Did you fall asleep? I'll drop home to get a short rest so I won't be falling asleep on the job. |
Вы заснули? Я забегу домой и отдохну немного, чтобы не заснуть за работой. |
45
Syn: to get to sleep implies the wish or desire to sleep
Martin closed his eyes and tried to get to sleep, but couldn't. I couldn't get to sleep for a long time. |
Мартин закрыл глаза и попытался заснуть, но не мог. Я долго не мог заснуть. |
17. But Scotsmen are not to be persuaded like that.
To persuade and its synonym to convince imply influencing a person's thoughts or actions. However, to persuade is mainly used in the meaning of to make a person (by argument, appealing to his reason) act in the desired way - убедить, склонить, уговорить кого-л. сделать что-л.
We persuaded him to go there at once. |
Мы уговорили его пойти туда немедленно. |
То convince means to make a person realize or believe that something is actually so - убедить, уверить кого-л. в чем-л., довести до сознания
We finally convinced him that he was wrong. |
Мы наконец убедили его в том, что он неправ. |
Note the structural patterns in which the verbs are frequently used:
-
to persuade smb to do smth
-
to convince smb of smth
-
to convince smb + that-clause
-
to be convinced of smth
He persuaded me to write a letter to her at once. |
Он уговорил меня написать ей письмо сейчас же. |
He finally convinced them that travelling by plane was perfectly safe. |
Он наконец убедил их, что летать самолетом совершенно безопасно. |
We couldn't convince him of his mistake. |
Мы не могли убедить его в том, что он ошибался. |
I'm convinced of his honesty. |
Я убежден в его честности. |
Note: To persuade and to convince correspond to the Russian perfective verbs (глаголы совершенного вида) убедить, уговорить. The Russian imperfective verbs (глаголы несовершенного вида) убеждать, уговаривать are rendered in English by to try to persuade, to try to convince. Compare:
We tried to convince her that she was wrong. |
Мы уверяли ее, что она была неправа. |
We could not convince her that she was wrong. |
Мы не могли убедить ее, что она была неправа. |
Mr. Cowlishaw tried to persuade Mrs. Clowes to have her tooth filled. |
Мистер Каулишо уговаривал миссис Клауз запломбировать зуб. |
46
Mrs. Clowes persuaded Mr. Cow-lishaw to take her tooth out instead of filling it. |
Миссис Клауз уговорила мистера Каулишо удалить ей зуб, а не запломбировать. |
47
*Ved - participle, М„ - deverba! noun (отглагольное существительное)
EXERCISES
I. Translate the following phrases and sentences from the text?
1. This all happened on the same day. And that day was a Saturday, the red Saturday on which, in the unforgettable football match between Tottenham Hotspur and the Hanbridge F. C. (formed regardless of expense in the matter of professionals), the referee would certainly have been murdered had not a Five Towns crowd observed its usual miraculous self-restraint. 2. His place of business - whatever high-class dentists choose to call it - was quite ready for him. 3. Specimen "uppers" and "lowers" and odd teeth were shining in their glass case. 4. The patient was a tall, stiff, fair man of about thirty, with a tousled head, and in inelegant but durable clothing. He had a drooping moustache, which prevented Mr. Cowlishaw from adding his teeth up instantly. 5. "Will you kindly sit down," said Mr. Cowlishaw, pointing to the chair of chairs. 6. And thereupon he opened his mouth wide and displayed, not without vanity, a widowed gum. 7. "'ont 'eeth," he explained, keeping his mouth open and omitting preliminary consonants. 8. I should expect you to furnish me with new teeth for nothing ... 9. ... and every gazer would inevitably be familiarized with the name and address of Mr. Cowlishaw, and with the fact that Mr. Cowlishaw was dentist-in-chief to the heroical Rannoch. 10. "I'll put the job in as low as possible," said Mr. Cowlishaw, persuasively.