Vocabulary extension

Read fhe text and retell it following the outline. Make use of the word combinations listed after each point:

Andrew went out to the call immediately, with a queer sensation, almost of relief. He was glad of the opportunity to disentangle himself from the curious and conflicting emotions stirred up by his

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arrival at Bryngower. Already he had a glimmer of a suspicion as to how matters stood and of how he would be made use of by Blodwen Page to run the practice for his disabled principal. It was a strange situation, and very different from any romantic picture which his fancy might have painted. Yet, after all, his work was the important thing; besides it, all else was trivial. He longed to begin it. Insensibly he hastened his pace, taut with anticipation, exulting in the realization - this, this was his first case.

He reached 7 Glydar Place, knocked breathlessly upon the door, and was at once admitted to the kitchen, where, in the recessed bed, the patient lay. She was a young woman, wife of a steel worker named Williams, and as he approached the bedside with a fast-beating heart he felt, overwhelmingly, the significance of this, the real starting-point of his life. How often he had envisaged it as, in a crowd of students, he had watched a demonstration in Professor Lamplough's wards! Now there was no sustaining crowd, no easy exposition. He was alone, confronted by a case which he must diagnose and treat unaided. All at once, with a quick pang, he was conscious of his nervousness, his inexperience, his complete unpreparedness, for such a task.

While the husband stood by in the cramped, ill-lit stone-floored room, Andrew Manson examined the patient with scrupulous care. There was no doubt about it, she was ill. She complained that her head ached intolerably. Temperature, pulse, tongue, they all spoke of trouble, serious trouble. What was it? Andrew asked himself that question with a strained intensity as he went over her again. His first case. Oh, he knew that he was overanxious! But suppose he made an error, a frightful blunder? And worse - suppose he found himself unable to make a diagnosis? He had missed nothing. Nothing. Yet, he still found himself struggling towards some solution of the problem, striving to group the symptoms under the heading of some recognized disease. At last, aware that he could protract his investigation no longer, he straightened himself slowly, folding up his stethoscope, fumbling for words.

"Did she have a chill?" he asked, his eyes upon the floor.

"Yes, indeed," Williams.answered eagerly. He had looked scared during the prolonged examination. "Three, four days ago. I made sure it was a chill, Doctor."

Andrew nodded, attempting painfully to generate a confidence he did not feel. He muttered. "We'll soon have her right. Come to the surgery in half an hour. I'll give you a bottle of medicine."

He took his leave of them, and with his head down, thinking desperately, he trudged back to the surgery. Inside, he lit the gas and began to pace backwards and forwards beside the blue and green bottles on the dusty shelves, racking his brains, groping in the darkness. There was nothing symptomatic. It must, yes, it must be a chill. But in his heart he knew that it was not a chill. He groaned in exasperation, dismayed and angry at his own inadequacy.

(From "The Citadel" by A. Cronin)

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Outline

1. Andrew's state of mind as he goes out to his first call (his arrival at; to stir up (curious and conflicting) emotions; how matters stood; to make use of; to run Doctor Page's practice; to be very different from; after all; to be trivial; to long to begin work; to hasten his pace; his first case).

2. The real starting point of Andrew's career begins (to knock breathlessly upon the door; to be admitted to the kitchen; an ill-lit stone-floored room; to be alone; no sustaining crowd; no easy exposition; to approach the bedside; his heart beat like a hammer; the real starting point of his life; to be confronted by a serious case; to diagnose the case; to treat the case unaided; to be conscious of; nervousness, inexperience, unpreparedness, inadequacy).

3. Andrew tries hard to diagnose the case and fails (to examine the patient with scrupulous care; to complain of a splitting headache; her head ached intolerably; to speak of serious trouble; to go over the patient again; to be overanxious; to make a frightful error; to make a diagnosis; to diagnose the case; to find himself doing smth; to group the symptoms; to straighten himself slowly; to fold up his stethoscope; to fumble for words).

4. Andrew is conscious of his inexperience, his complete unpreparedness to diagnose the case (to have a chill; (with) his eyes on the floor; to look scared; to make sure; to feel confidence; a bottle of medicine; to take leave of; with his head down).

5. Andrew's state of mind as he goes back to the surgery (to trudge back; to think desperately; to pace backwards and forwards; to rack his brains; to grope in the darkness; to groan with exasperation; to be dismayed and angry at his own inadequacy).

Memorize the poem. Try your hand at translating it into Russian:

GIFTS

By J. Thomson (1834-1882)

Give a man a horse he can ride, Give a man a boat he can sail; And his rank and wealth, his strength and health, On sea nor shore shall fail. Give a man a pipe he can smoke. Give a man a book he can read; And his home is bright with a calm delight, Though the room be poor indeed. Give a man a girl he can love, As I, O my love, love thee; And his heart is great with the pulse of Fate, At home, on land, on sea.

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UNIT THREE

TEXT

Now just as Mr. Cowlishaw was personally conducting to the door the greatest centre-forward that the Five Towns had ever seen, there was another ring at the door and-Mr. Cowlishaw found himself in the double difficulty of speeding his first visitor and welcoming his second all in the same breath.

The second was a visitor beyond Mr. Cowlishaw's hopes. No other than Mrs. Simeon Clowes, mayoress of Hanbridge; a tall and well-built, handsome, downright woman, of something more than fifty and something less than sixty.

She eyed him interrogatively and firmly. She probed into his character, and he felt himself pierced.

"You are Mr. Cowlishaw?" she began.

"Good afternoon, Mrs. Clowes," he replied. "Yes, I am. Can I be of any service to you?'"

"That depends," she said.

He asked her to step in, and in she stepped.

"Have you had any experience in taking teeth out?" she asked in the surgery. Her hand stroked her left cheek.

"Oh, yes," he said eagerly. "But of course, we try to avoid extraction as much as possible."

"If you're going to talk like that," she said coldly, and even bitterly, "I'd better go."

He wondered what she was driving at.

"Naturally," he said, summoning all his latent powers of diplomacy, "there are cases in which extraction is unfortunately necessary.".

"How many teeth have you extracted?" she inquired.

"I really couldn't say," he lied. "very many."

"Because," she said, "you don't look as if you could say 'Booh!' to a goose."

"I think I can say 'Booh!' to a goose," he said.

She laughed.

"Don't fancy, Mr. Cowlishaw, that if I laugh I'm not in the most horrible pain. I am. When I tell you I couldn't go with Mr. Clowes to the match-"

"Will you take this seat?" he said, indicating the chair of chairs; "then I can examine."

She obeyed. "I do hate the horrid, velvety feeling of these chairs," she said; "It's most creepy."

"I shall have to trouble you to take your bonnet off."

She removed her bonnet, and he took it as he might have taken his first-born, and laid it gently to rest on his cabinet.

"Now," he said soothingly, "kindly open your mouth wide."

Like all women of strong and generous character, Mrs. Simeon Clowes had a large mouth. She obediently extended it to

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dimensions which must be described as august, at the same time pointing with her gloved and chubby finger to a particular part of it.

"Yes, yes," murmured Mr. Cowlishaw, assuming a tranquility which he did not feel. This was the first time he had ever looked into the mouth of a mayoress, and the prospect troubled him.

He put his little ivory-handled mirror into that mouth and studied its secrets.

"I see," he said, withdrawing the mirror. "Exposed nerve. Quite simple. Merely wants stopping. When I've done with it the tooth will be as sound as ever it was. All your other teeth are excellent."

Mrs. Clowes arose violently out of the chair.

"Now just listen to me, young man," she said. "I don't want any stopping; I won't have any stopping; I want that tooth out. I've already quarrelled with one dentist this afternoon because he refused to take it out. I came to you because you're young, and I thought you'd be more reasonable. Surely a body can decide whether she'll have a tooth out or not! It's my tooth. What's a dentist for? In my young days dentists never did anything else but take teeth out. All I wish to know is, will you take it out or will you not?"

"It's really a pity -"

"That's my affair, isn't it?" she stopped him, and moved towards her bonnet.

"If you insist," he said quickly, "I will extract."

"Well," she said, "if you don't call this insisting, what do you call insisting? Let me tell you I didn't have a wink of sleep last night."

The mayoress resumed her seat, taking her gloves off.

"It's decided then?" she questioned.

"Certainly," said he. "Is your heart good?"

"Is my heart good?" she repeated. "Young man, what business is that of yours? It's my tooth I want you to deal with, not my heart!"

"I must give you gas," said Mr. Cowlishaw, faintly.

"Gas!" she exclaimed. "You'll give me no gas, young man. No! My heart is not good. I should die under gas. I couldn't bear the idea of gas, you must take it out without gas, and you mustn't hurt me, I'm a perfect baby, and you mustn't on any account hurt me."

The moment was crucial. Supposing that he refused - a promising career, might be nipped in the bud. Whereas, if he accepted the task, the patronage of the aristocracy of Hanbridge was within his grasp. But the tooth was colossal, monumental.

"Very well, Madam," he said, for he was a brave young man.

But he was in panic. He wanted a stiff drink. If he failed to wrench the monument out at the first pull, the result would be absolute disaster; in an instant he would have ruined the practice which had cost him so dear. However, having consented, he was obliged to go through with the affair.

He took every precaution. He chose the most vicious instrument. He applied to the vicinity of the tooth the very latest substitute for cocaine; he prepared cotton wool and warm water in a glass. And at length, when he could delay the fatal essay no longer, he said:

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"Now I think we are ready."

"You won't hurt me?" she asked anxiously.

"Not a bit," he replied, with an admirable simulation of gaiety.

"Because if you do -"

He laughed. But it was a hysterical laugh. All his nerves were on edge. He had a sick feeling. Making a great effort, he pulled himself together and said:

"When I count one I shall take hold; when I count two you must hold very tight to the chair; and when I count three, out it will come."

Then he encircled her head with his left arm - brutally, as dentists are always brutal in the thrilling crisis, "Wider!" he shouted. And he took possession of that tooth...

"One - two -" He didn't know what he was doing.

There was no three. There was a slight shriek and a thud on the floor. Mrs. Simeon Clowes jumped up and briskly rang a bell. The attendant rushed in. The attendant saw Mrs. Clowes gurgling into a handkerchief which she pressed to her mouth with one hand while with the other, in which she had her bonnet, she was fanning the face of Mr. Cowlishaw. Mr. Cowlishaw had fainted from nervous excitement. But his unconscious hand held the forceps; and the forceps, victorious, held the monumental tooth.

"O-p-pen the window," spluttered Mrs. Clowes to the attendant. "He's gone off; he'll come to in a minute."

(From "Tales of the Five Towns" by Arnold Bennett)

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COMMENTARY

NOTES

1. ... he asked her to step in, and in she stepped.

... when I count three, out it will come.

This is a case of stylistic inversion used by the author as a means of emphasis. It is called partial inversion as only part of the predicate group - an adverbial modifier of place - is put before the subject and not the predicate itself.

Full inversion occurs, when the subject is expressed by a noun, not a pronoun, e. g. In went Mr. Pickwick.

2. He laughed. But it was a hysterical laugh.

The verb laugh and the noun laugh have an identical phonetic and graphic form, but they differ in meaning (one denotes an action, while the other - the result of the action) and in the paradigms: laugh - laughs, laughed, laughing laugh - laughs

The word-building process in which words are formed by means of changing the paradigm is called conversion.

Conversion is highly productive in creating nouns from verbs (to talk - a talk, to cut - a cut, to walk - a walk) and verbs from nouns (a button - to button, paper - to paper).

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Semantic relations between the deriving and derived members of the conversion pair are varied. Here are some typical cases:

Verbs converted from nouns

a) Object → an action performed with the help of the object:

hammer → to hammer

b) Object (mostly a living being) → an action characteristic of the object:

witness → to witness

Nouns converted from verbs

a) Action → an instance of the action:

to step → a step

b) Action → an object or the result of the action:

to purchase → a purchase

It should be noted, however, that in some cases it's difficult to point out the initial form in the conversion pair, i. e. whether a verb is converted from a noun or vice versa.

STRUCTURAL PATTERNS