2. Соотнесите английские словосочетания из текста с их русскими эквивалентами.

1. handwriting identi­fication	a. подделывать ч-л почерк
2. handwriting sample	b. высоковыработанный почерк
3. document examiners	c. исключать все признаки
4. to differentiate genuine and non- genuine writing	d. образец почерка
5. to identify the author	e. люди с маловыработанным почерком
6. to con­tain natural variation	f. установление исполнителя (рукописи)
7. slight deviations	g. эксперт судебного почерковедения
8. person's writing ability	h. отличать подлинные и неподлинные рукописи
9. flexibility of wrist movement	i. достичь уровня сформированности (выработанности) почерка
10. grip of the writing instrument	j. содержать естественное видоизменение
11.to reach a level of skill	k. выработанность почерка человека
12. skilled writing	l. мельчайшие отклонения
13. poor writers	m. свобода движений в области запястья
14. to disguise sb’s handwriting	n. захват пишущего предмета (постановка руки при написании)
15. to eliminate all the characteristics	o. установить исполнителя, автора

3. Работа в парах. Задайте друг другу вопросы по тексту, переделав их из косвенных в прямые, и ответьте на них.

1. I wonder if two people can write exactly alike.

2. I wonder who can differentiate genuine and non-genuine writing.

3. I wonder if writing is a complex act and a highly developed skill.

4. I wonder what results in the unique style of each individual writer.

5. I wonder what skilled writing uses.

6. I wonder if poor writers use only their fingers.

7. I wonder when writing becomes automatic.

4. Замените русские слова и словосочетания, стоящие в скобках, на их английские эквиваленты из рамки.

1. index finger, 2. to extend the writing line, 3. writing instrument, 4. offers resistance, 5. in a rightward and upward direction, 6. writing area, 7. the left margin, 8. right-handed writers, 9. is covering the line of writing, 10. contraction and release, 11. strokes

The wrist is flexed to assist in the movement of the (пишущий предмет). The wrist will bend to assist the writer in reaching the (зона письма). When the wrist can no longer reach, the arm slides forward toward the right margin (продолжить строку). The arm is pulled back to (левому полю) to start the next line of writing. The paper may be adjusted as well to assist the writer in reaching the available writing surface. The fingers work together to produce the forms of writing. When one finger pushes the writing instrument another (оказывает сопротивление), which controls the motion. The (напряжение и расслабление) flow together to push the pen away and pull it back again. The (штрихи) turning leftward and downward require contraction of the muscles, and the upward and rightward strokes involve the release of the muscles. Thus, downward writing is better controlled.

(Праворукие) use their thumb to exert pressure on the writing instrument to push it horizontally (вправо и вверх). The middle finger pushes the writing instrument leftward both diagonally and horizontally while the thumb and (указательный палец) pull the instrument down toward the baseline, which is the imaginary line to which the writing returns.

Because writer movement is from left to right, the right-handed writer has the advantage of being able to see the writing as it is being executed. The left-handed writer must adjust his or her hand to compensate for the fact that the hand (закрывает строчку) as it is being executed. Many left- handed writers hook their hand over the writing so they can see what they are writing.

5. Работа в парах. Расскажите своему коллеге, что Вы прочитали в документе, написанном ниже, о принципах, которые помогают эксперту определить исполнителя текста при проведении почерковедческой экспертизы. Пользуйтесь моделями 1 и 2.

Model 1.

The document says that no two people write exactly alike.

Model 2.

The document said that no two people wrote exactly alike.