2. Переведите словосочетания из текста на русский язык.

1. continental legal system

2. written law

3. principle of superiority of law

4. Ministries and other federal executive agencies

5. constitutional amendments

6. executive authority of the Russian Federation

7. to regulate issues

8. to adopt laws

9. international treaties

10. valid federal law

11. group of delegate legislation

3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты русским словосочетаниям.

1. по установленной законодательной процедуре

2. основной источник права

3. постановления и другие законодательные акты

4. тремя четвертями палаты

5. верховенство и непосредственное применение федеральных законов

6. полное собрание норм

7. общепризнанные принципы и нормы

8. издавать указы

9. за исключением случаев

10. содержащиеся в кодексах, статутах или постановлениях

4. Подберите слова из текста, соответствующие данным определениям.

1. ______________ is an official rule or order.

2. ______________ is the whole system of rules that citizens of a country must obey.

3. _____________ is an official command or decision, especially one made by the ruler

of the country.

4. ______________ is a written change or improvement to the law or document.

5. ______________ is an occasion when everyone in a country votes in order to make a

decision about a particular issue.

6. ______________ is set of written rules or laws.

7. ______________ is a formal agreement between two or more countries.

8. ______________ is a judicial decision that may be used as a standard in subsequent

similar cases.

5. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. Правительство РФ является органом государственной власти.

2. Правительство осуществляет исполнительную власть в Российской Федерации.

3. Правительство осуществляет свою деятельность на основе Конституции РФ, федеральных конституционных законов, федеральных законов и нормативных указов Президента РФ.

4. Правительство РФ в своей деятельности руководствуется принципами верховенства Конституции РФ, федеральных конституционных законов, федеральных законов и принципами народовластия и федерализма.

6. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы.

1. What are the sources of American legal system?

2. What is common law based on?

3. What do vertical dimensions of American sources of law include?

4. What do horizontal dimensions of American sources of law include?

TEXT

THE AMERICAN SOURCES OF LAW

Constitutional Law is based on a formal document that defines broad powers. Federal constitutional law originates from the U.S. Constitution. State constitutional law originates from the individual state constitutions.

Statutes and Ordinances are legislation passed on the federal, state, or local levels.

Common Law is based on the concept of precedence - on how the courts have interpreted the law. Under common law, the facts of a particular case are determined and compared to previous cases having similar facts in order to reach a decision by analogy. Common law applies mostly at the state level. It originated in the 13^th century when royal judges in England began recording their decisions and the reasoning behind the decisions.

Administrative Law - federal, state, and local level. Administrative law is made by administrative agencies that define the intent of the legislative body that passed the law.

The sources of law have both vertical and horizontal dimensions. Vertical dimensions include federal authority, state authority, and concurrent authority. Federalism refers to this form of government, in which there is national and local authority. Federal authority covers laws related to patents, pensions and profit sharing, and labour issues. State authority covers business association, contracts, and trade secrets. Concurrent authority covers security law, tax law, and employment law. Note that employment law refers to non-union relationships; labour law refers to union relationships. The horizontal dimension is related to the separation of power between the executive branch, which creates administrative law, the legislative branch, which creates statutes, and the judicial branch, which creates common law. The judicial system in the U.S. has a pyramid structure.