10. Заполните схему соответствующей информацией из текста и перескажите текст.

11. Заполните пропуски соответствующими словами из рамки. Подчеркните в тексте инфинитивы и определите их функции в предложении.

WHAT ARE EXPERT WITNESS QUALIFICATIONS?

There are several ways to determine whether someone is qualified to be an expert witness or not. To establish __________, the court usually inquires about the education, special training, skills and professional knowledge of a person. To establish this, the court lets both the hiring attorney and the opposing counsel to question the witness about his special abilities. The opposing counsel is provided with an opportunity to challenge ______________ and preclude him from being accepted by the court.

Once the individual is considered a valuable participant ___________, he will be permitted to give his opinions regarding the subject at hand however, if the court didn’t recognize this individual, he will not be allowed to give any testimony. Both __________ are allowed to attempt a tactic to recognize once expertise in a particular field. Typically, the hiring attorney meets with the witness to study their every move and answers. This helps in giving the witness a chance to be ready on everything he might come upon on the trial. ________ is a professional and has specialized knowledge in his field that is why it is very important to give the court a straight answer that is confident and easy to understand. This will help the witness to prove that his testimony is real. Also this will help __________ including the judge and the jury in determining and understanding difficult evidence. It is very important that the witness shows no fear and __________ in his testimony so that the jury can establish ________ in his words.

12. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. Судебным экспертом является лицо, обладающее специальными знаниями, назначенное судом в соответствии правилами для производства судебной экспертизы и дачи заключения.

2. Законодательство предъявляет специальные требования к судебному эксперту.

3. Основными критериями является высшее специальное образование, стаж работы и подтверждение квалификации.

4. Судебным экспертом, может быть гражданин, обладающий необходимыми для дачи заключения специальными знаниями в области науки и техники.

5. Согласно ст. 80 УПК РФ показания специалиста — сведения, сообщенные им на допросе об обстоятельствах, требующих специальных познаний, а также разъяснения своего мнения в соответствии с требованиями ст. 53, 168 и 271 УПК РФ.

6. Профессиональными качествами эксперта являются наблюдательность, внимание, гибкость, логичность, критичность ума, самостоятельность мышления, способность преодолеть предубеждение или предвзятость.

13. Переведите текст на русский язык письменно.

An expert is someone knowing more and more

about less and less, eventually knowing everything about nothing.

Attributed to Sir Bernard Spillsbury, MD

Neither natural scientists nor forensic scien­tists start from theories or laws when facing the need to explain some puzzling phenome­non. They start from data. And not from com­monplace data, but from the surprising anomalies raising the puzzles requiring ex­planation. Unusual observations suggest ex­planatory connections to pursue and test. Such connections define evidence, and distinguish data that are evidence from data that remains merely coincidental. In that effort, the natural scientist and the forensic scientist share a fundamental approach belying any simplistic distinction between real science and forensic science.

Usually scientific or other experts offered by attorneys to the court as potential expert witnesses give opinions only within their areas of expertise. Sometimes, lawyers hire an expert simply because the other side hired one first. But, usually, lawyers engage experts when the facts of a case remain unclear, when analytical procedures in some field might help clarify those facts, or when specialized training can help educate the jury in turn to help the jurors make better informed deci­sions. The goal remains to apply some reliable method to those facts to help the court render its decisions. For forensic scientists, it's all about reliable scientific methods.