5. Прочитайте текст. Ответьте на вопросы. Переведите текст письменно.

8. Is Montesquieu’s theory prescriptive or descriptive?

9. Is this theory a practical model of governing a country?

10. What is the essence of this theory?

The constitutional role of the judiciary is based on the theory of the separation of powers which was particularly developed by the French political scientist, Montesquieu. He wrote: “When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty… Again, there is no liberty, if judiciary power be not separated from the legislative and executive. Were it joined with the legislative, the life and liberty of the subject would be exposed to arbitrary control; for the judge would then be the legislator. Where it joined to the executive, however, the judge might behave with violence and oppression. There would be an end to everything, were the same man, or the same body, whether of the nobles or the people, to exercise those three powers, that of enacting laws, that of executing the public resolutions, and of trying the causes of individuals”. (Montesquieu, De l’Espirit des Lois, 1748).

6. Заполните пропуски соответствующими словами из рамки.

1. independent 2. legislature (2) 3. United States 4. conform 5. executive (3) 6. judicial 7. three 8. different (2) 9. prescriptive 10. judiciary 11. administrative 12. descriptive 13. legislative

There are (….) main functions of government. These are the (…), the (…), and the (…). The theory of separation of powers states that these functions should be carried out by (…) bodies. The British constitution does not (…) to this theory. The same people are members of the (…) and the (…) and there are some (…) functions which are carried out by the courts. The distinction is clearer in the constitution of the (…) where the executive, legislative and judicial roles are performed by (…) bodies. The theory is (…) rather than (…) of the liberal system of government, an essential feature of which is that the (…) should be (…) of the (…) and the (…).

7. Напишите небольшое сочинение (12-15 предложений) на тему “Separation of Powers” по следующему плану:

1. Define the theory.

2. The reasons for the theory.

3. How the theory is applied to the Russian state system.

4. Comparison of the Russian Constitution with constitutions of other countries.

Используйте в сочинении логико-грамматические лексические единицы:

However - Однако

Furthermore – Кроме того

In addition – К тому же

Nevertheless – Тем не менее

The point is … - Дело в том, что …

To begin with – Прежде всего

To sum it up – В итоге

Most probably – По всей вероятности

Let’s take facts – Давайте рассмотрим факты

In fact - Фактически

Thus – Таким образом

That is why -Поэтому

As a result – В результате

Still – Все-таки

In general – В общем

In brief – Вкратце (в нескольких словах)

Besides – Более того

8. Работа в парах. Обсудите с коллегой, в каком суде рассматривались или будут рассматриваться судебные дела, приведенные ниже. Обоснуйте свою точку зрения. Используйте информацию о юрисдикции судов. Начинайте свои высказывания с одной из данных ниже речевых моделей.

1. What with one thing and another …	Учитывая все обстоятельства, …
2. As far as I can see …	Насколько я понимаю, …
3. Under the circumstances …	В данном случае …
4. In any case ю...	При любых обстоятельствах ….
5. In short …	Короче говоря, …
6. On the one hand …	С одной стороны, …
7. On the other hand …	С другой стороны, …
8. I am inclined to think …	Я склонен думать, что …
9. To my mind …	По моему мнению, …

Case 1.

A drunk walked into a supermarket. When the manager asked him to leave, the drunk assaulted him, knocking out a tooth. A policeman who arrived and tried to stop the fight had his jaw broken.

Case 2.

A man owns a large country estate which he has turned into a wildlife park. The park is surrounded by a five-meter fence and is regularly patrolled by security guards. One night one of the lions escaped and killed a valuable horse in the adjoining field which is owned by Henry.

Case 3.

The plaintiff’s friend bought her a bottle of ginger beer which had been manufactured by the defendant. She became ill in the result of drinking the ginger beer which contained the remains of the discomposed snail. She sued the manufacturer for the compensation for damages she had suffered.

Case 4.

A defendant owed the plaintiffs a sum of money for building work. The defendants consistently refused to pay the money knowing the plaintiffs were in financial difficulty, they offered to pay only half of the sum to settle the debt. The plaintiffs reluctantly accepted. Then they sued for the recovery of the outstanding debt.

Case 5.

The plaintiffs asked their bankers to inquire into the financial stability of the company with which they were having business dealings. Their bankers made inquiries of the company’s bankers who carelessly gave favourable references about the company. Reliance on these references caused the plaintiffs to lose $117,000. The plaintiffs sued defendants of their careless statements.

9. Соревнование между группами. Студенты разбиваются на две группы. Одна группа разгадывает кроссворд I, другая – кроссворд II. Побеждают студенты, разгадавшие кроссворд первыми. Проигравшие отгадывают кроссворд победившей группы, выигравшие их проверяют.

I.

По горизонтали: 1. верховный (закон, суд); 2. административный; 3. провозглашать; 4. социальный; 5. одобрение (закона); 6. правовой; 7. торговый; 8. предусматривать; 9. произвольно; 10. обстоятельство, факт.

По вертикали: 1. наблюдение, надзор; 2. юридически действительный; 3. политический; 4. налагать вето; 5. неприкосновенность; 6. судебный; 7. лишать (права); 8. экономический; 9. частная (жизнь); 10. правосудие, судья.

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II.

По горизонтали: 1. судебная власть; 2. парламентский; 3. утверждение; 4. федеративный; 5. защищать (право, закон); 6. назначать (на должность); 7. республиканский; 8. исполнительная (ветвь власти); 9. передача (дела, закона) на рассмотрение; 10. демократический.

По вертикали: 1. юрисдикция, подсудность; 2. судебное решение; 3. назначать; 4. имеющий отношение к делу; 5. поправка (к закону); 6. освобождать (от должности); 7. законодательный орган; 8. бюджетный; 9. научный; 10. осуществлять арбитражное разбирательство.

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