- •Reading Material Text a
- •Before reading the text try to discuss the following questions.
- •Now read the text, translate it and get ready to do the exercises after the text. Geography
- •Word Study
- •Comprehension and Discussion
- •Origin and development of geography. Early history
- •Geographic methods. Map location and measurement
- •The Round Earth on Flat Paper
- •Dialogue
- •Listening Comprehension Text “Geography”
- •Revision
- •What is science?
- •Становление географии как науки
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Additional Reading Geography and people: Ptolemy
- •Components of maps
- •Maps and graphs Maps
- •Isoline maps
- •Choropleth
- •Topological maps
- •Proportional flow maps
- •Dot maps
- •Line graphs
- •Scattergraphs
- •Pie charts
- •Reading Material Text a
- •The History of Exploration
- •Word Study
- •Comprehension and Discussion
- •Captain Cook
- •Text c The Mystery of the Franklin Expedition
- •Text d
- •The History of Maps
- •Dialogue
- •Listening Comprehension Text “Christopher Columbus”
- •Revision
- •Questions:
- •II. Первое русское кругосветное путешествие
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Additional Reading Famous Russian navigators
- •Navigation Tools
- •Unit III
- •Reading Material Text a
- •Before we start reading let’s recollect the composition of the solar system.
- •What does the solar system consist of?
- •What heavenly object is the most beautiful (mysterious, important)?
- •The Universe and the Solar System
- •Word Study
- •Comprehension and Discussion
- •Our local star
- •Text c The Evolution of the Universe
- •Text d Galaxies
- •Dialogue
- •Is the Sun Good or Bad for Us?
- •Is the sun good or bad for us?
- •Listening Comprehension Text “Stars”
- •Fill in the gaps.
- •Note down the temperature of:
- •Note down the colours of :
- •Revision
- •The Lunar Surface
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Additional Reading The Planets
- •Mercury
- •Jupiter
- •Uranus and Neptune
- •Stellar Evolution
- •Unit IV
- •Reading Material Text a
- •Before reading the passage discuss these points with a partner.
- •Is the earth a perfect sphere?
- •This Earth of Ours
- •Word Study
- •Comprehension and Discussion
- •Volcanic Eruptions
- •Text c The Earth. Size. Shape.
- •Text d The Earth
- •Dialogue Discussing the age of the earth
- •Listening Comprehension Text “The Earth’s shape”
- •1. What is the “equatorial bulge”?
- •2. Are all three models only approximations?
- •Revision
- •History of the Earth
- •Latitude and Longitude
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Additional Reading Yellowstone National Park
- •The geological setting
- •Hydrothermal features
- •Reading Material Text a
- •The Atmosphere: Properties and composition
- •Word Study
- •Comprehension and Discussion
- •Oxygen-Carbon Dioxide Cycle
- •The Ozone Layer
- •The Ionosphere
- •Dialogue
- •Listening Comprehension Text “The Atmosphere”
- •Part b. Listening activities
- •Revision
- •Air pollution
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Additional Texts Greenhouse gases
- •The air we breathe
- •Unit VI
- •Reading Material Text a
- •Before reading the text discuss these points with a partner.
- •Now read the text, translate it and get ready to do the exercises after the text. Climate
- •Word study
- •Climate
- •Comprehension and Discussion
- •The climate of the uk
- •The World’s Inconstant Climate
- •Methods of weather modification
- •Weather
- •Days of Abnormal Weather
- •Vocabulary
- •Days of Abnormal Weather Text 1
- •Interpretation
- •Weather Forecast
- •Listening Comprehension Text “The Climate”
- •Revision
- •Climate
- •Weather maps
- •Project Writing
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Additional Reading Climatic Change
- •Origin of Climatic Change
- •Ocean Currents
- •Unit VII
- •Reading Material Text a
- •Before reading the passage discuss these points with a partner.
- •Into how many parts is the earth’s surface divided?
- •How are land and sea distributed?
- •Now read the text, translate it and get ready to do the exercises after the text. Land Forms of the Earth
- •Word Study
- •The Alps
- •Comprehension and Discussion
- •The Surface of the Ground
- •Continental Drift
- •Wegener’s Theory
- •Text d The Soil Beneath our Feet
- •Dialogue Discussing the process of erosion
- •Listening Comprehension Text “Continental drift”
- •Fill in the gaps.
- •Note down the terms used by the lecturer.
- •Note down the thickness of the asthenosphere.
- •Revision
- •Relief form of the earth
- •Earthquake waves
- •Earthquakes
- •Active Vocabulary
- •Additional Reading Erosion
- •Weathering
- •1999 A bad year for earthquakes
- •Limestone in Europe
- •Vulcanism
- •Volcanic Eruptions
- •Glaciers
- •Minerals
- •What Minerals Are
- •Mineral Properties
- •The Earth’s Interior
- •Interior Structure
- •Rock Classification
- •Igneous Rocks
- •Sedimentary Rocks
- •Grammar focus the system of tenses
- •Charles Robert Darwin
- •Passive voice
- •The Greenhouse Effect
- •Participle
- •The gerund
- •Функции герундия в предложении и способы его перевода на русский язык
- •Infinitive
- •I. Образование
- •II. Функции инфинитива в предложении.
- •Complex Object
- •Complex Subject
- •Subjunctive mood
- •Subjunctive Mood Conditional Sentences
- •Modal verbs
- •(Выражение «вероятности», «предположения»)
- •The system of tenses
- •Charles Robert Darwin
Dialogue
Ex. 1. Read the dialogue and say who the people talking to each other might be. Answer the question: What is the topic of their conversation?
Nick: Hello, George. How are you?
George: Hi, Nick. Frankly speaking, so-so.
Nick: Why? Has anything happened? You look rather tired.
George: Well, you see Nick. The thing is that I have to write a report about famous geographical discoveries. Yesterday I was sitting in the library all day long looking for necessary sources of information.
Nick: What are the results? Did you find anything useful?
George: Oh yes, quite a lot. You see the topic of my report is “The discovery of America”.
Nick: What was so difficult about that? Every child knows that America was discovered by Christopher Columbus.
George: Earlier I thought so too, Nick. But the true discovery of America belongs to the Vikings.
Nick: Vikings, you say? By the way where does this word come from?
George: It’s very interesting to know that the Vikings, meaning “men of the creek”, is the name given to the people of Scandinavia who raided the coasts of Great Britain and north-west Europe from AD 800 to 1100.
Nick: Did they? It can’t be very nice.
George: Don’t say so. They also travelled far from their homeland in search of new lands to trade with or settle. Their voyaging carried them half way around the world: west across the stormy Atlantic, south into the warm Mediterranean, and north into the freezing Arctic.
Nick: It sounds interesting!
George: Yes, no one knows for sure that the Vikings visited North America nearly 500 years before Columbus’ famous voyage in the 1490s. One of their expeditions reported an area of fertile land where there were vines of wild grapes growing. And because of this they named this land Vinland or Wine-land.
Nick: I see, probably, all of this suggests that the Vikings sailed a long way south, to the north-east states of America.
George: Thus, I’ve got some information about the true discovery of America.
Nick: Oh, George. I’m sure you will make a good report on this topic.
George: I am really pleased I’m doing it.
Ex. 2. Reproduce the dialogue: a) abridged; b) in the form of the monologue.
Listening Comprehension Text “Christopher Columbus”
Part A. Pre-listening activities
Task 1. Make sure that you know the following words and word phrases.
to weigh anchor – сниматься с якоря
provisions – провизия, запасы провианта
an oar – гребец
to give the order – давать приказ
fabulous gold – сказочное богатство
to persuade – уговорить, убедить
an astrolabe – астролябия
latitude – широта
longitude – долгота
Task 2. Before listening answer the following questions.
How much do you know about Christopher Columbus?
What instruments of navigation are used?
Part B. Listening activities.
Task 1. Look at these sentences and questions. Find the right answers.
Christopher Columbus sailed from Spain to the New World
on Sunday 2 August 1492
on Friday 2 August 1482
on Friday 2 August 1492
on Friday 2 May 1482
He persuaded Isabella, the Queen of Spain, to finance his voyage by promising
slaves and gold
spices and gold
great riches
to find a new route to China
The sailors are less enthusiastic than their captain because
they still believe that the Earth is square
they fear that the heat at the Equator will cause fire
they don’t trust their captain
they believe that if they sail too far they will fall into space
Which of the following will they not use?
maps
compass
astrolabe
hourglass
Astrolabe allows them to calculate
the speed of the boats
longitude
latitude
distance
Task 2. Listen to the tape recording once more. Complete the microtext using what you remember from the recording.
The harbour was full of ... . Three sailing ships were preparing to ... . There were only ... in all on the three boats. ... were being brought on board. Christopher Columbus ... to sail. He hoped to find ... by sailing west. Columbus persuaded Isabella, the Queen of Spain to ... . He promised to bring back ... . There were no ... to show them where they were going. They were going to use ... .
Part C. After listening activities
Task 1. Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.
What did Christopher Columbus hope to find?
Why did the Queen of Spain agree to finance his voyage?
Why were the sailors less enthusiastic then their captain?
What navigation tools were used by Christopher Columbus?
Task 2. Summarize the information about Christopher Columbus’s voyage.