Word Study

Ex. 1. Read the international words. Mind the stress.

accurate	practical	convert	determination
chart	polar	describe	expedition
continent	photograph	geology	generation
gravity	permanent	produce	christianity
human	route	pollution
harmony	region	preserve
jungle	system	result
market	satellite	religion
mineral		resource
nature		universal
origin		unique

Ex. 2. Pronounce correctly the following proper and geographical names.

Columbus [`kə`lAmbəs]	Europe [`juərəp]
Magellan [ma`gielən]	European [juərə`piən]
Christianity [kristiǽniti]	Far East
Christian [`kristjən]	China [`t∫ainə]
Marco Polo [`makou]	Japan [dзəpǽn]
	Moluccas [məu`lAkəz]
	Spice Islands
	Asia [`ei∫ə]
	Mongol Empire [moη`gəul `empaiə]

Ex. 3. Form nouns from the given verbs. Mind that the suffix –er(or) denotes the doer of the action. Translate them into Russian.

Model: to climb – climber – альпинист

To create, to explore, to build, to mine, to produce, to sail, to write, to find, to visit, to travel, to trade, to voyage, to discover, to seek.

Ex. 4. Complete the table using your dictionary.

Verb	Noun	Adjective
		believable
convert
	discovery
		exploratory
inhabit
	determination
value
		reasonable

Ex. 5. Match English and Russian equivalents.

1) to explore the surroundings	населять
2) to struggle through steamy jungle	искать лучшую жизнь
3) weird creatures	находить неизвестные растения
4) ocean floor	распространение загрязнения
5) trait of curiosity	измерять
6) to search for land or treasure	пробиваться через тропические джунгли
7) valuable goods	решительность поколений
8) to discover a new continent	понять, выяснить
9) to convert	концентрироваться
10) to look for a better living	отображать на картах наиболее удаленные регионы
11) the determination of generations	живые существа
12) ocean’s depths	дно океана
13) cold polar regions	ценные товары
14) the nature of exploration	любознательность
15) living things	болезнь с/х культур
16) to inhabit	обращать в другую веру
17) to measure	искать землю или богатства
18) to find out	открыть новый континент
19) to concentrate on	сущность исследования
20) to map the most remote regions	исследовать окрестности
21) crop disease	причудливые существа
22) spread of pollution	глубины океана
23) to find an unknown plants	холодные полярные регионы

Ex. 6. Translate into Russian the following words, word combinations and sentences.

Accurate: accurate maps, accurate photographs, accurate clock, accuracy, accurately. Clocks in airports should be accurate. The earliest maps were not accurate.

Believe: believe in, make believe (that), belief, to the best of my belief, believer, believable. I believe you. I believe in God. I believe in that man. The boys made believe that they were explorers in the African forests. Christians believed that the Earth was flat. He has lost his belief in God.

Curiosity: trait of curiosity, to be dying of curiosity, curious, curious neighbours, curiously. I am curious to know what he said.

Convert: to convert people to Christianity, converting, converted, convertible, conversion (to, into)

Discover: to discover a new continent, discovery, journeys of discovery, discovered areas, discoverer. He made wonderful scientific discoveries. Columbus discovered America, but didn’t explore the new continent.

Explore: explore the arctic regions, exploration, the nature of exploration, the exploration of the ocean depths, explorer, exploratory. The Great Atlas of Discovery tells the story of exploration and discovery from earliest times to the present day.

Reason: practical reason, the only reason for, to bring to reason, by reason of, by reason of its general sense, without any reason, to give reasons for smth, reasonable, a reasonable price (offer, excuse), reasonably, reasoning. The students understood the teacher’s reasoning.

Search: to search for a land or treasure, to search one’s memory, to search out an old friend, go in a search of a missing child, searching, search-light, searcher.

Trade: trade follows the flag, trade route, to trade in, to trade with, to trade off, trade mark, trade name, trade price, trader, tradesman, trading. Even today the salt trade is vital to the economy of desert peoples.

Valuable: to find valuable trade, a valuable discovery, a valuable picture. He gave me valuable information.

Ex. 7. Add nouns to the following adjectives to form noun phrases.

Adjectives: steamy, unknown, weird, ocean, practical, trade, new, famous, valuable, local, dry, space, mineral, remote.

Nouns: people, stations, reasons, goods, regions, rocks, resources, plant, floor, explorers, jungle, creature, route, continent.

Ex. 8. Pair the verbs in column A with a suitable phrase in column B.

A	B
to cross	people to their own religion
to search for	steamy jungle
to produce	building space stations
to climb	the spread of pollution
to find	a better living
to sail	the world’s wild places
to feel	mineral resources
to convert	permanent changes
to look for	the hottest deserts
to struggle through	the goods
to discover	new lands (a sea route)
to concentrate on	a duty
to look for	the widest seas (around the world)
to track	the highest mountains
to cause	land or treasure

Ex. 9. Match the nouns with their appropriate explanations.

journey	land that is without water and trees, often sandcovered
trade	season’s produce of grain, grass, fruit
adventure	solid stony part of the Earth’s crust
discovery	one of the main land masses
route	everything around and about a place
desert	journey by water
continent	going to a place, a distant place
voyage	something that is discovered
crop	an exciting or dangerous journey or activity
surroundings	way taken or planned from one place to another
rock	buying and selling of goods, exchange of goods for money or other goods

Ex. 10. Fill in the missing words in the sentences. Choose from the words given in the box.

Expedition, trades, discovery, travellers, included, route, trade, seekers, space, voyages, set out, traders, ice desert, travel, exploration.

1. The Ancient Egyptians made … down the Red Sea nearly 6000 years ago.

2. The real story of … and … began with civilization.

3. The Arabs were great … and … of knowledge.

4. Salt … transported salt from the coasts, and island deposits, to areas where it was scarce and valuable.

5. The climbers had tried to find a new … to the top of the mountain.

6. Travel through … to other planets interests many people today.

7. Belarus … with many European countries.

8. Ferdinand Magellan’s … across the Pacific made Europe aware of the vastness of the ocean on the far side of the world.

9. Earlier explorers had travelled in the hope of finding gold mines, valuable … . fame, and land for their countries.

10. Explorers added the hope of new scientific discoveries and their expeditions … scientists as well as sailors, soldiers, merchants, and adventurers.

11. The first great scientist expedition to South America … to record the shape and size of the Earth – the science known as geodesy.

12. … in the Arctic was both difficult and dangerous.

13. The last place on Earth to be explored was the cold, hostile … of the Antarctic.

Ex. 11. Give English equivalents for the following Russian ones.

Пересекать жаркие пустыни; взбираться на высокие горы; нарушать баланс; отправляться открывать новый континент; вызывать постоянные изменения; иметь много общего; приводить к чему-либо; искать лучшую жизнь; иметь аргументированные причины для; найти морской путь к рынкам; отображать на картах наиболее отдаленные регионы; искать новые земли и новые торговые пути; прослеживать распространение загрязнения; ценный товар; обращать людей в другую веру.