7. Look up the synonyms and be ready to discuss their difference.

a) Abstain from – avoid – refrain from

b) Diet – nutrition

c) Famine – hunger – starvation

d) Fat – grease – oil

e) Sauce – dressing – spread

f) To diet – fast − be off one’s food

8. Use the most suitable word to fill in the gaps in the sentences below.

1) During their fast Christians ___ meat and other animal foodstuffs.

a) abstain from; b) refrain from; c) avoid

2) If you want to balance your weight, you should first of all ___ overeating.

a) abstain from; b) refrain from; c) avoid

3) It’s common knowledge that ___ in eating is good for health.

a) refraining; b) modesty; c) moderation

4) They decided against a combat operation, for its benefits were not ___ with the considerations of democracy.

a) moderated; b) balanced; c) overweighed

5) The inconvenience of this ___ is outweighed by its benefits.

a) diet; b) nutrition

6) Dietetics is a science of ___ and its effect on human health.

a) fasting; b) a diet; c) nutrition

7) She went on ___ and exercise programme but none seemed to work.

a) a fast; b) a diet; c) starving

8) Over 300 prisoners went on ___ strike in protest against the living conditions.

a) starving; b) fasting; c) hunger

9) A lot of people die during ___ every year.

a) famines; b) starvation; c) hunger

10) Milly longed to take off weight so much that she went on a ___ diet. She almost starved herself.

a) healthy; b) crash; c) bland

11) He broke his ___ by drinking some milk.

a) fast; b) dieting; c) starving

12) Wednesday and Friday are ___ days

a) diet; b) abstention; c) fast

13) It’s generally considered healthier to eat ___ meat than fatty meat.

a) fat-free; b) lean; c) fast

14) Butter is covered with special paper so that no ___ can get through.

a) fat; b) grease; c) oil

15) Margarine is made by mixing vegetable and animal ___, as well as some other substances.

a) fats; b) oil; c) grease

16) Before setting off on the march the soldiers were given their ___.

a) portions; b) rations; c) helpings

17) When dining in a restaurant, many Americans ask for a doggie bag, for the ___ are really big.

a) portions; b) servings; c) helpings

18) Though curd is a valuable protein product, it should be eaten in ___. The recommended ___ is about 100gm.

a) abstinence, portion; b) moderation, serving; c) balance, helping

19) As the cake was very delicious, Mr. Sweettooth took a second ___.

a) serving; b) helping; c) cut

20) I like bread and butter with some meat or fish paste or cheese ___.

a) dressing; b) spread; c) sauce

21) I prefer ice-cream with a chocolate ___.

a) sauce; b) dressing; c) spread

22) The lamb cutlets were served in a delicious spicy ___.

a) sauce; b) dressing; c) spread

9. 1) Fill in the blanks in the following item with the words given below. Each word may be used only once.

Whole-grain, dietary, calories, energy, lean, nutrients, dairy, well-balanced, fats, nutrition, fat-soluble, diet.

SPECIAL DIETS

Certain groups of people, such as children or older people, have special ___ needs. As children grow rapidly, they need a good ___ not only to provide ___, but also to build new tissue. A child’s ___ should include milk and ___ products, eggs, ___ meat, poultry, fish, various fruits, vegetables, cereals and other ___ foods.

A ___ diet is important to an older person as it is to a child. Older people need as many ___ as young adults. But if their activity is reduced, they need fewer ___.

Besides, expectant or nursing mothers also need a special diet, including among other things more ___ which carry ___ vitamins needed for proper development of the baby.