Vocabulary b

1. Look up the words lawful – legal – legitimate and explain their difference. Fill in the gaps in the sentences below with the most suitable word.

1) Divorce became ____ in 1992.

2) Only ____ residents of the country are entitled to claim Social Security benefits.

3) The government refused to recognize them as a ____ political party.

4) The activities of the company are ____. Their license is valid for another year.

5) Holly was a child of wedlock, while Jolly, born in 1879, was not ____.

6) People on low salaries can get free ____ advice

7) They live in a ____ marriage.

8) Charley and his sister both have ____ claims to their aunt’s estate.

2. Look up the following words and collocations and suggest their Russian equivalents.

1) bail

to offer/ refuse bail

to stand/ put up/ go bail for smb

to grant smb bail

to release smb on bail; to bail smb out

2) charge

to charge smb with smth (murder, theft, forgery etc)

to bring/ start/ press a (criminal) charge of … against smb

to face a charge of …

to drop a charge; to release smb without charge

to be arrested/ convicted on a charge of …

to acquit smb of a charge

3) custody

to take smb into custody

to be in custody; to hold / keep smb in custody

to set smb free from custody

4) guilt, guilty

to establish/ prove smb’s guilt

to be (found) guilty of a crime

to plead guilty to a crime

5) parole

to be eligible for parole

to release/ set smb free on parole; to be on parole

to parole smb; to give smb parole

6) sentence

to sentence smb to smth (imprisonment, death / capital punishment etc)

to pass/ hand down a (light, heavy, death, life etc) sentence (on smb)

to receive the (maximum) sentence of …

to do/ serve one’s sentence

7) to testify/ give testimony in court/ under oath

to testify for/ against smb

expert/ eyewitness/ hearsay testimony

to corroborate/ refute smb’s testimony

8) to try smb for smth; the case is tried in the High Court

a trial by jury

to bring a case/ to come to trial

to stand trial; to be on trial (for smth)

9) verdict

to reach a (unanimous) verdict

to bring/ deliver/ return a verdict (of guilty or not guilty)

3. If one commits a crime one may be: accused, arrested, charged, convicted, interrogated, paroled, sentenced to a term in jail, sent to prison, suspected, tried. Put these actions in the correct order.

4. Complete the following sentences using the most appropriate word.

1) Thieves will be ____.

a) liable b) lifted c) persecuted d) prosecuted

2) I was informed by the constable that he would be forced to take me into ____.

a) confinement b) custody c) detection d) guardianship

3) At the end of the trial he was ____ of murder.

a) condemned b) convicted c) convinced d) penalized

4) The judge will hear the next ____ after lunch.

a) case b) charge c) lawsuit d) trial

5) The suspect is ____ to have been in the neigbourhood at the time of the crime.

a) accused b) affirmed c) alleged d) announced

6) The high court judge will pass ____ next week.

a) justice b) punishment c) sentence d) verdict

7) The judge ____ the pedestrian for the accident.

a) accused b) blamed c) charged d) sued

8) Mr. Tipsy was ____ twenty pounds for drinking and driving.

a) charged b) fined c) ordered d) penalized

9) After considering the case, the judge put the offender ____ for two years.

a) in charge b) in control c) on probation d) on trial

10) As it was her first offence, the judge gave her a ____ sentence.

a) kind b) lenient c) severe d) tolerant

11) The accused man was able to prove his innocence at the trial and was ____.

a) absolved b) acquitted c) forgiven d) pardoned

12) The witness ____ the statements made by the accused man.

a) agreed b) confessed c) corroborated d) testified

5. Below you see the story of an extraordinary case in British legal history. The affair started in 1949 and was finally closed in 1966. At the moment, there are a number of gaps in the story. Use the words below to complete it.

trial confessed court custody guilty suspect

convicted inquiry (2) sentenced jury execution detained

arrested innocent charged appeal dropped executed

pardon judge apprehended plea tried statements

The story began when a man called Timothy Evans was ____ for the murder of his wife and baby. He was ____ with the double murder, but a short time later one of the charges was ____ and he was ____ for the murder of his daughter only. During the ____ Evans accused the man whose house he had been living in, John Christie, of the crimes, but no attention was paid to him. The ____ found Evans ____ and he was ____ to death. An ____ was turned down and he was ____ in 1950.

Some time later, six more women’s bodies were discovered in Christie’s house. John Christie was the police’s chief ____ and they started a nationwide hunt for him. He was soon ____. Alleged ____ by Christie while he was in ____ cast doubt on the Evans hanging. When he went to ____, Christie ____ that he had murdered Mrs. Evans. His ____ of insanity with regard to other murders was rejected and he was ____ of killing his wife.

Soon afterwards there was an ____ into the ____ of Timothy Evans. The ____ decided that justice had been done and Evans had been rightly hanged. It was only in 1966 that another ____ was set up. This time it was decided that Evans had been ____ and he was given a free ____. Better late than never, as they say.