Структуры “ I wish, had better, would rather”.

В дополнительных придаточных предложениях, зависящих от глагола wish, употребляются формы сослагательного наклонения.

1. Если действие, выраженное сказуемым дополнительного придаточного предложения, выражает сожаление о настоящем, то глагол-сказуемое употребляется в Past Simple or Past Continuous. Также может употребляться сочетание: could + инфинитив.

Глагол to be употребляется в форме сослагательного наклонения were (был бы, была бы, были бы) для всех лиц единственного и множественного числа.

I wish he were here now. — Хотелось бы, чтобы он был здесь. (Жаль, что его нет здесь сейчас).

I wish it were not raining now. — Хотелось бы, чтобы сейчас не шел дождь. (Жаль, что сейчас идет дождь).

I wish I could speak French. — Жаль, что я не могу говорить по-французски.

2. Если действие, выраженное сказуемым дополнительного придаточного предложения выражает сожаление о прошедшем времени, о том, что случилось или не случилось в прошлом, то глагол-сказуемое употребляется в Past Perfect.

I wish you had had time then. — Хотелось бы, что бы у вас тогда было время. Жаль, что у вас тогда не было времени.

I wish I had known that Ann was ill. — Жаль, что я не знал, что Анна была больна.

3. Если действие, выраженное сказуемым дополнительного придаточного предложения выражает желание, но отсутствиет возможность изменить что-либо в настоящем или в будущем, то глагол-сказуемое употребляется в форме would + инфинитив без to.

I wish he would stop lying. — Жаль, что он не прекратит лгать. Хотелось бы, чтобы он прекратил лгать. (Я не думаю, что в будущем он прекратит лгать.)

После структур had better (лучше бы, следует), would rather/would sooner (предпочёл бы) употребляются следующие глагольные формы:

had better +present infinitive without to

We had better stop smoking. – Нам лучше бы бросить курить.

would rather/would sooner + present infinitive without to (о настоящем и будущем действии)

I’d rather go to the shops tomorrow. – Я предпочёл бы пройтись по магазинам завтра.

would rather/would sooner + perfect infinitive without to (о прошедшем действии)

I’d rather not have gone to the shops yesterday. – Лучше бы я вчера не ходил по магазинам.

would rather/would sooner smb + Past Simple (о настоящем и будущем действии)

I’d rather you studied a little more. – Я бы хотел, чтобы ты учился немного больше.

would rather/would sooner smb + Past Perfect (о прошедшем действии)

I’d rather you had passed your driving test. – Я бы хотел,чтобы ты сдал на права. (Жаль, что ты не сдал.)

EXERCISES

Exercise 1 . Paraphrase the following sentences using “I wish”.

1. It’s a pity you are not with us these days. 2. My friend regrets not having entered the university. 3. He was sorry not to have had enough time to finish his test-paper. 4. It’s a pity we shan’t be able to reach home before tea-time. 5. I am sorry I made you upset by telling you this news. 6. What a pity you don’t know enough physics. 7. Unfortunately they won’t return before Christmas. 8. The student was sorry he had not studied the material better and had shown such poor knowledge at the examination. 9. It’s a pity that you did not send for us last night.

Exercise 2. Translate into English using “I wish”.

1. Если бы я был свободен сейчас! 2. Жаль, что и вчера у меня было мало времени. 3. Хорошо бы вы написали ей об этом сами. 4. Жаль, что вы не обратили внимания на его предупреждение. 5. Он пожалел, что бросил институт. 6. Жаль, что уже поздно идти туда. 7. Ах, если бы я пришел на вокзал вовремя! 8. Жаль, что вы не читали такую прекрасную книгу. 9. Жаль, что она делает так много ошибок в речи. 10. Ах, если бы вы сказали ей об этом в прошлое воскресенье! 11. Хорошо бы у нас сейчас были каникулы. 12. Если бы он пришел сегодня вечером! 13. Мы пожалели, что не попросили его совета. 14. Жаль, что вы отказались принять участие в пикнике.

Теst 1.

Choose the right answer:

1. You … better not borrow any more money, you won’t be able to pay it back.

a) would b) had

2. I didn’t enjoy the performance last night. I would rather we … to the disco.

a) would go b) had gone

3. “I wish you … less noise when you come in.” – “ It’s not my fault. The door squeaks when you open it”.

a) would make b) would have made

4. I’d rather you … your things everywhere round the flat. I can’t bear it.

a) wouldn’t leave b) didn’t leave

5. Mary wishes that she … off her relationship with her mother-in-law.

a) hadn’t broken b) wouldn’t broken

6. “I wish I… your health and vitality. I … a new life for myself”; she said with a smile.

a) had, would make b) would have, made

c) have, will have made d) was having, would have made

7. Don’t help my son, please. I … rather he … supper himself. He is an excellent cook.

a) would, will cook b) had, cooks

c) would, cooked d) had, had cooked

8. He wished he … her the money. She never returned it.

a) had lent b) hadn’t lent c) did not lend c) lent

9 …his letter, his life… . I wish he … anything.

a) Would the newspaper not print, wouldn’t have ruined, had written

b) Had the newspaper not printed, wouldn’t have been ruined, hadn’t written

c) Had the newspaper not have printed, wouldn’t ruin, wrote

d) If the newspaper should not have printed, hadn’t ruin, hadn’t written

10. He wished they … his embarrassment at the moment she was introducing him.

a) hadn’t noticed b) would have noticed

c) wouldn’t have noticed d) didn’t notice

Теst 2.

Choose the right answer:

1. I … (live) in the South than in the North.

a) had better b) would rather

2. He looks so upset. You … (speak) to him about his problem.

a) had better b) would rather

3. You … (work) harder. Luck is changeable.

a) had better b) would rather

4. You … (be) more conscious about your future.

a) had better b) would rather

5. I … (become) a teacher than a doctor.

a) had better b) would rather

6. I … (to leave) on an earlier train, I want to be there on time.

a) had better b) would rather

7. I thought I … (give) you a call first.

a) had better b) would rather

8. You … (go) home and have some rest.

a) had better b) would rather

9. I think I … (drink) some juice than water.

a) had better b) would rather

10. It’s going to rain. You … (take) your umbrella with you.

a) had better b) would rather

11. I … (go) to the library today than tomorrow.

a) had better b) would rather

МОДУЛЬ XXVII. Контроль знаний: лексико-грамматический тест

Choose the right answer:

1. The teacher allowed us … reference material while writing the report.

a) to use b) using c) use d) used

2. They expected the meeting … in a conference hall.

a) to hold b) to be held c) holding d) to be holding

3. What makes him … so jealous of his friends’ success?

a) to be b) being c) be d) to have been

4. I hope … Baranovichi State University.

a) for entering b) to enter c) of entering d) entering

5. I want my brother … the work as soon as possible.

a) finishing b) to finish c) finishes d) finish

6. Could you help me … the work as soon as possible?

a) finishing b) in finishing c) with finishing d) to finish

7. A passer-by asked me how … to the railway station.

a) can get b) get c) getting d) to get

8. The tourists expected the hotel … much better.

a) be b) being c) of being d) to be

9. I would like my daughter … back home earlier.

a) come b) coming c) to come d) to be coming

10.A thermometer is used … the temperature.

a) take b) for taking c)taking d) to take

11…. The traffic was bad, I arrived on time.

a) although b) in spite of c) despite d) because of

12.Kate might phone tonight. I don’t want to go out … she phones.

a) because b) because of c) in case d) if

13.A dog ran out in front of the car … we were driving along the road.

a) in case b) as c) if d) when

14.The doorbell rang … we were asleep.

a) as b) just as c) when d) while

15.After the interruption, the speaker went on talking … nothing had happened.

a) as b) as if c) like d) without

16.My father is a terrible driver. He drives … he were the only driver on the road.

a) as b) like c) as if d) how

17.I wish I … so rude to her yesterday.

a) wasn’t b) weren’t c) hasn’t been d) hadn’t been

18.I wish I … to work.

a)hadn’t have b) don’t have c) didn’t have d) hadn’t had

19.I wish you … with me at the sea.

a) had been b) were c) has been d) would be

20.I wish she … me last night.

a) called b) calls c) has called d) had called

21.I wish I … taller, because I am not very tall.

a) were b) would have been c) would be d) will be

22.I wish I … on holiday with you, but I am busy tomorrow.

a) would go b) would have gone c) went d) could go

23.I wish the car … faster.

a) would go b) would have gone c) went d) will go

24.I wish I … your advice that day.

a) took b) had not taken c) would not taken

d) would not have taken

25.I wish she … to the theatre with us last Friday.

a) came b) will come c)would come

d) could have come

26.I wish I … everything to you yesterday.

a)could explain b) explained c) could have explained

d) have explained

27.I wish you … talking now.

a) to stop b) stopped c) will stop d) would stop

28.I wish they … arguing because they make me nervous.

a) will stop b) would stop c) stop d) would have stopped

29.If I were you I … a contract with this firm.

a) would not sign b) will not sign c) will not have signed

d) would not have signed

30.If I … a lot of money I would buy a house at the seaside.

a) will have b) had c) have d) have had

ADVERTISING

1. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the words in italics.

1. You must have seen those computer games – they have been heavily advertised on TV and all the Sunday papers.

2. To promote their new brand of shampoo, they are selling it at half price for a month. 3. In order to market a product well you need to be aware of public demand. 4. Like most Hollywood movies it was so hyped up that when I saw it I felt rather disappointed. 5. The author used the opportunity of appearing on TV to give his latest book a plug. 6. Revlon is really pushing its new range of beauty creams. 7. At this time of year, the papers are full of advertisements for skiing holidays.

2. Think of the synonyms to the following words. Consult a good dictionary if necessary.

Merchant, goods, launch, edifice, sponsor, announcement, commerce, commercials, eye-catching, face-to-face, consumer, customarily.

3. Find antonyms to the following words.

Primitive, hire, announce, accuse of, develop, promote, spiritual.

4. Like any other sphere of business, advertising means tough competition first of all. The following words will help you in the situation when you are to describe this toughness.

Compete, vie, be in competition with, fight, contest, pit oneself against, competitor, rival, battle, straight fight, rivalry, competition, competitive, t-throat, dog-eat-dog, rat race.

Try to define the right sentence for the words above. Change their forms if necessary. Some words can be used twice.

1. This computer firm is strong enough … on equal terms at home and abroad. 2. Advanced technology and low wage costs are helping the Taiwanese firms … internationally. 3. His restaurant is now so good that it … … … some of the best in London. 4. If you want the job, you’ll have … for it.5. The two major tabloid newspapers … with each other for the best stories. 6. In a desperate bid to dominate the market, they had … … … the giants of the computer industry. . The leadership election will be … by four candidates. 8. … for these jobs is very tough – we have over 200 applicants for just six posts. 9. These acting awards are … in an atmosphere of intense rivalry. 10. In such a fiercely … environment, it’s inevitable that some companies will go out of business. 11. Their company was our main … for that share of the market. 12. There is … competition between drug companies these days. 13. There was a long … for control of the publishing company. 14. Advertising is a … business. 15. The stress of the … … is a major cause of health problems. 16. With only two candidates left, it will be a … … between them for the post. 17. This information is secret, which could be of great value to our … .