The Participle (Причастие)

Forms	Active Voice	Passive Voice
Participle I	asking	being asked
Perfect Participle	having asked	having been asked
Participle II	-	asked

Note: 1) Participle I (asking — 1) спрашивающий, 2) спрашивая) выражает одновременность с действием, выраженным глаголом-сказуемым.

2) Perfect Participle (having asked — спросив) выражает предшествование по отношению к действию, выраженному глаголом-сказуемым.

Функции в предложении:
1. определение	a sleeping child	спящий ребенок
	the text being translated	текст, который переводят
	a broken cup	разбитая чашка
2. обстоятельство	when (while) going home	идя домой
	if asked	если спросят
	being ill	будучи больным
	not knowing the truth	не зная правды
	(not) having left school	(не) окончив школу
3. часть сказуемого	He is reading.	Он читает.
	The plan is discussed.	План обсужден.

EXERCISES

Exercise 1.Open the brackets using the appropriate form of the Participles.

1. (to translate) by a good specialist, the story preserved all the sparkling humour of the original. 2. (to approve) by the critics, the young author’s story was accepted by a thick magazine. 3. (to wait) for some time in the hall, he was invited into the drawing-room. 4. (to wait) in the hall, he thought over the problem he was planning to discuss with the old lady. 5. They reached the oasis at last, (to walk) across the endless desert the whole day. 6. (to lie) down on the soft couch, the exhausted child fell asleep at once. 7. She went to work, (to leave) the child with the nurse. 8. (to phone) the agency, he left (to say) he would be back in two hours. 9. (to write) in very bad handwriting, the letter was difficult to read. 10. (to write) his first book, he could not help worrying about the reaction of the critics. 11. (to spend) twenty years abroad, he was happy to be coming home. 12. (to be) so far away from home, he still felt himself part of the family. 13. She looked at the enormous bunch of roses with a happy smile, never (to give) such a wonderful present. 14. (not to wish) to discuss that difficult and painful problem, he changed the conversation.

Exercise 2. Translate into English.

1. Играя в саду, дети не заметили, что стало темно. 2. Подойдя к двери, он открыл ее. 3. Том подошел к смеющейся девочке. 4. Он положил на стол смятое письмо. 5. Плачущая девочка была голодна. 6. Бабушка смотрела на детей, игравших во дворе. 7. Она любит смотреть на играющих детей. 8. Сделав уроки, дети пошли гулять. 9. Лежа на диване, он читал книгу. 10. Принеся свои игрушки в комнату, ребенок начал играть. 11. Прочитав много книг Диккенса, он хорошо знал этого писателя. 12. Мальчик, бегущий мимо дома, вдруг остановился. 13. Будучи очень занят, он не сразу услышал меня. 14. Услышав шаги, он поднял голову. 15. Выпив чашку чая, она почувствовала себя лучше.

Exercise 3. Open the brackets using the appropriate form of the Participles.

The (to steal) car was found in the woods.

Success in one’s work is a (to satisfy) experience.

The tiger was a (to terrify) sight for the villagers.

The (to terrify) villagers ran for their lives.

I found myself in an (to embarrass) situation last night.

A kid accidentally threw a ball at one of the school windows. Someone needs to repair the (to break) window.

A (to damage) earthquake occurred recently.

People are still in the process of repairing many (to damage) buildings and streets.

I elbowed my way through the (to crowd) room.

No one lives in that (to desert) house except a few ghosts.

The thief tried to open my (to lock) cabinet.

The (to injure) woman was put into an ambulance.

I bought some (to freeze) vegetables at the supermarket.

The (to expect) event did not occur.

A (to grow) child needs a (to balance) diet.

There is an old saying: «Let (to sleep) dogs lie».

At present, the (to lead) candidate in the senatorial race is Henry Moore.

Any (to think) person knows that smoking is a destructive habit.

Теst 1.

Choose the right answer:

1) The gypsy smiled … her teeth.

a) to show c) to showing

b) showing d) having shown

2) … the hill, he sat down to have a rest.

a) having climbed c) climb

b) climbing d) having been climbed

3) Did you notice him … the house?

a) to leave c) left

b) leaving d) have left

4) … pleasures are sweetest.

a) stolen c) to steal

b) stealing d) stole

5) I want my shoes … .

a) to clean c) cleaning

b) cleaned d) having cleaned

6) The weather becomes … .

a) depressing c) to depress

b) depressed d) depress

7) … in the front row, he had an excellent view.

a) sitting c) being sat

b) sat d) had sat

8) … his experiment he published a book.

a) having finished c) finished

b) finish d) finishing

9) Someone needs to repair the … window.

a) broken c) having broken

b) breaking d) broked

10) The … event did not occur.

a) expecting c) expective

b) expected d) expect

11) I like to read books … the life of well-known people.

a) describing c) having described

b) described d) having been described

12) … photos of the place, I had no desire to go there.

a) having seen c) seeing

b) to see d) had seen

13) … a nice girl, she is loved by everybody.

a) being c) been

b) to be d) be

14) I want my trousers … .

a) pressed c) pressing

b) to press d) press

15) The students … hard know this subject well.

a) working c) are working

b) worked d) have been working