Unit 13. Past Perfect

Образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола had и основного глагола в форме прошедшего причастия. В вопросительной форме вспомогательный глагол ставится перед подлежащим. В отрицательной форме частица not ставится после вспомогательного глагола.

Утвердительная форма +	I (You/ We/They) had visited/seen by 5 o’clock yesterday He (She/It)
Вопросительная формa ?	I (you/we/they) Had she (he/it) visited/seen by 5 o’clock yesterday?
Отрицательная форма -	I (You/ We/They) had not visited/seen by 5 o’clock yesterday He (She/It)

Past Perfect (прошедшее завершенное) употребляется:

1. Для выражения прошедшего действия, которое уже совершилось до определенного момента в прошлом. Этот момент может быть указан обстоятельством времени: by 5 o’clock к 5 часам, by that time к тому времени, by the end of the year к концу года и др., а также перед предлогом before и после предлога after: She had left by the 1^st of June. After she had cried, she felt easier. He was nervous because he had never flown before.

2. Для выражения прошедшего действия, которое уже завершилось до другого, более позднего прошедшего действия, выраженного глаголом в Past Simple: When Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home.

Примечание:

Глаголы движения и чувственного восприятия обычно не употребляются в Past Perfect: When he heard the song, he recognized it at once.

When he came home, he found his mother in an evening dress.

Exercise 1.

1. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Past Perfect.

1. She wanted to reserve a table but he (do) it.

2. I wasn’t hungry. I (have) lunch.

3. Tom left very nervous. He never (drive) a van before.

4. When we came home children (make) a mess in their room.

5. When I come to Ann's place she (cook) diner.

6. It was so exciting. We never (fly) before.

7. I was so tired. I (have) a busy day.

8. I met Angela yesterday. She (return) from London.

Exercise 2.

Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1. George said if it is/was very difficult to play this role.

2. He said he studies/studied at Moscow University.

3. Ann said that she just had/had just had a telephone call.

4. Jack said that he will do/would do it for me.

5. Mike asked where are we going/we were going

6. She asked do I liked/if I liked her car.

7. He asked his brother what would he do/he would do

8. He asked when did we move/we had moved to London.

Exercise 3.

Поставьте глаголы в скобках Past Simple или Past Perfect.

1. I (put) on coat (take) the umbrella and (go) out.

2. I (go) out and (remember) that I (forget) my umbrella.

3. When they (arrive) at the stadium the match already (begin).

4. When he (phone) Paula, she already (begin) packing.

5. When she (come) home her sister (do) the washing up.

6. He (arrive) at this town two days ago. He never (be) here before.

7. I (be) sure that I (write) the test well.

8. He (assure) us that he (recover).

Exercise 4.

Передайте следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. Sally said: “I spend my winter holiday in the mountains.”

2. Carol said: “I’m going to the cinema.”

3. Marsha said: “I have just received a letter from my uncle.”

4. Denis said: “I will never forget you.”

5. He asked: “What are you waiting for?”

7. She asked: “Have you written the test?”

8. He asked: “Did she promise to help you?”

Exercise 5.

Напишите следующие предложения в косвенной речи.

1. “You speak English well”, said my teacher.

2. “But you’ve made five grammar mistakes in your composition”, said Mary.

3. She said: “You are always making mistakes in creative works.”

4. “I went to see my grandparents last week.” Said Liz

5. “When I get a job, I will rent a flat”, said Tom.

6. He asked Sarah: “Why have you bought namely these shoes?”

7. She asked me: “What will you do tomorrow if you are not busy in the office.”

8. Sam asked Paula: “Are you doing anything tomorrow?”

Exercise 6.

Напишите следующие предложения в прямой речи.

1. The man said he had spent a month at the Black Sea coast last summer.

2. I asked my friend if he had a headache.

3. I asked him when he had fallen ill.

4. I asked her how long she had been waiting for me.

5. He said he wouldn’t go with us.

6. She told that she was staying.

7. She asked me if I was listening to her.

8. He told me he was ill but he was getting better.

Exercise 7.

Поставьте глагол в Past Perfect or Past Continuous.

1. By six o'clock on Sunday I already (to learn) all the words.

2. She (to write) the report by eight o'clock yesterday.

3. I (to play) tennis at 3 o'clock yesterday.

4. They (to watch TV) when mother came home from work.

5. She thanked me for what I (to do) for her.

6. After you (to go) I went to sleep.

7. In England he remembered all of the grammar rules that he (to learn).

8. What you (to do) at 5 o'clock last Monday.

9. What you (to do) when I saw you?

10. It (to rain) all day long yesterday.

11. We asked him what countries he (to visit).

12. He told me that he (to see) Nick the week before.

13. We didn't know that the text (to change).

14. The children (to eat) apples when the teacher asked them a question.

15. He (not to sleep) at that time yesterday.