Present Perfect and Past Simple

	Past Simple	Preset Perfect
Утвердительная форма	I You He, She, It visited/went yesterday We, They	I, You We, They have just visited/seen
		He She have just visited/seen It
Вопросительная форма	I, you he Did she visit/go yesterday? it we, they	I, you Have we just visited/seen? they
		he Has she just visited/seen? it
Отрицательная Форма	I, You He She did not visit/go yesterday It (didn’t) We, They	I, We have not just visited/seen You, They (haven’t)
		He, She has not just visited/seen It (hasn’t)

Present Perfect на русский язык переводится глаголом совершенного вида прошедшего времени. Но и Past Simple, прошедшее неопределенное время, в иных случаях переводится точно также. Возникает вопрос: когда употреблять прошедшее неопределенное, а когда Present Perfect?

Past Simple называет действие, произошедшее в определенный момент в прошлом: He got married when he was 22 (in 1979).

Обозначает действие, которое завершилось и произошел разрыв с настоящим: I lived in Paris for a year. (больше я там не живу). Ian Fleming wrote 14 novels. (он уже умер и больше не пишет).

Используется с вопросами When? What time?

Present Perfect обозначает действие, произошедшее в неопределенный момент в прошлом: She’s been to China.

Действие, продолжающееся по настоящий момент: She’s lived in London for 20 years (и до сих пор там живет). She's written 20 novels (и еще будет писать).

Употребление Present Perfect часто сопровождается следующими выражениями:

for twenty years.

I have been worked here since 1995. / since I left school.

I have never been to America. Have you ever been to America?

Используется с вопросом How long?

Упражнение 6.

Измените время глагола на Present Perfect, употребляя just, already или yet. Переведите оба предложения.

1. I am eating my breakfast.

2. He is putting the dishes on the table.

3. They are having tea.

4. She is taking dirty plates from the table.

5. The students are writing a test.

6. She is learning a poem.

7. He is telling them an interesting story.

8. We are opening a box of chocolates.

Упражнение 7.

Перепишите предложения, употребляя for или since.

1. Hello! I haven’t seen you … ages.

2. She has studied English … 1995.

3. He hasn’t met his friends … his birthday.

4. She has worked here … 5 years.

5. I haven’t met him … 5 days.

6. We have studied here … September, 1.

7. They have been to London … 2years.

8. They have been to London …May, 14.

Упражнение 8.

Перепишите предложения, употребляя Past Simple или Present Perfect.

1. Last year he (go) to Spain.

2. Where is Tom? – He (go) to Spain.

3. I ( see) Tom yesterday.

4. I ( not see) him for ages.

5. Last term we (read) an interesting story.

6. You ever (read) science fiction?

7. This writer is my brother. He (write) 4 books.

8. S. Mangham (write) a very popular short story called “The Luncheon”.

Упражнение 9.

Перепишите предложения, употребляя глаголы в Present Perfect или Past Simple.

1. Last night I (feel) tired and (go) to bed very early.

2. The sun (not rise) yet.

3. We (not decide) what to do yet.

4. You (see) Jack today? – No, I …

5. My brother (return) from the North.

6. He (go) there 2 years ago.

7. Why you (come)? What do you want?

8.When you (come)? – I (come) 10 minutes ago.

9. Jim is away on holiday. He (go) to Spain

10. They (go) out after lunch and they just (come) back.

11.John (live) in Scotland for 10 years. Then he (move) to England.

12. He (live) in London for 5 years.

13. Chinese (invent) printing.

14. They (have) a car when they were living in Oxford? - No, they (have) a car since they (move) to London.

Упражнение 10.

Поставьте глаголы , данные в скобках в правильную форму Present Perfect or Past Simple.

1. Bill is phoning his girlfriend again. That’s the third time he (phone) this evening.

2. Look! Somebody (break) the glass. – It (be not) me. I (not do)it.

3. I (study) German at school but I (forget) most of it.

4. You (see) Ann recently? – I (see) her a minute ago.

5. Where’s my bag? – Perhaps somebody (take) it.

6. Oh, no! There’s nothing to eat. My brother (eat) everything, I (leave) in the fridge.

7. I (be) alone here since she (leave)

8. I (read) this book now, so you can have it back.

Упражнение 11

Поставьте глаголы в правильную форму и for or since в пропущенных местах .

In 1983 Tom (start) work as a doctor in Bristol Hospital, but in the following year he (have) a serious car accident and finally (have to) give up work as a doctor in 1985. Although he (move) to London … 2 years, he (live) in Leeds … 1988. When he (go) to London in 1986 he (start) writing and (write) books and articles ever …them. His first novel was published in 1989. … then he (travel) in South America? And recently his second novel (win) the Cooker Prize.

Упражнение 12.

Составьте предложения в Present Perfect или Past simple, используя слова в скобках.

E.g. (it/not/ rain/ this week) – It hasn’t rained this week.

1. (the weather/ be/ cold/ recently) 2. (it/ cold/ last week)

3. (I/ not/ read/ a newspaper yesterday) 4. (I/ not/ read/ a newspaper today)

5. (Ann/ earn/ a lot of money/ this year) 6. (she/ not/ earn/ so much/ last year)

7. (you/ have/ a holiday recently?)