- •Features
- •Pin Configurations
- •Disclaimer
- •Overview
- •Block Diagram
- •Pin Descriptions
- •Port A (PA7..PA0)
- •Port B (PB7..PB0)
- •Port C (PC7..PC0)
- •Port D (PD7..PD0)
- •RESET
- •XTAL1
- •XTAL2
- •AVCC
- •AREF
- •AVR CPU Core
- •Introduction
- •Architectural Overview
- •Status Register
- •Stack Pointer
- •Interrupt Response Time
- •SRAM Data Memory
- •Data Memory Access Times
- •EEPROM Data Memory
- •EEPROM Read/Write Access
- •I/O Memory
- •Clock Systems and their Distribution
- •CPU Clock – clkCPU
- •I/O Clock – clkI/O
- •Flash Clock – clkFLASH
- •ADC Clock – clkADC
- •Clock Sources
- •Default Clock Source
- •Crystal Oscillator
- •External RC Oscillator
- •External Clock
- •Timer/Counter Oscillator
- •Idle Mode
- •Power-down Mode
- •Power-save Mode
- •Standby Mode
- •Extended Standby Mode
- •Analog to Digital Converter
- •Analog Comparator
- •Brown-out Detector
- •Internal Voltage Reference
- •Watchdog Timer
- •Port Pins
- •Resetting the AVR
- •Reset Sources
- •Power-on Reset
- •External Reset
- •Brown-out Detection
- •Watchdog Reset
- •Watchdog Timer
- •Interrupts
- •I/O Ports
- •Introduction
- •Configuring the Pin
- •Reading the Pin Value
- •Unconnected pins
- •Alternate Port Functions
- •Alternate Functions of Port A
- •Alternate Functions of Port B
- •Alternate Functions of Port C
- •Alternate Functions of Port D
- •Port A Data Register – PORTA
- •Port B Data Register – PORTB
- •Port C Data Register – PORTC
- •Port D Data Register – PORTD
- •External Interrupts
- •8-bit Timer/Counter0 with PWM
- •Overview
- •Registers
- •Definitions
- •Counter Unit
- •Output Compare Unit
- •Force Output Compare
- •Modes of Operation
- •Normal Mode
- •Fast PWM Mode
- •Phase Correct PWM Mode
- •Internal Clock Source
- •Prescaler Reset
- •External Clock Source
- •16-bit Timer/Counter1
- •Overview
- •Registers
- •Definitions
- •Compatibility
- •Counter Unit
- •Input Capture Unit
- •Input Capture Trigger Source
- •Noise Canceler
- •Using the Input Capture Unit
- •Output Compare Units
- •Force Output Compare
- •Modes of Operation
- •Normal Mode
- •Fast PWM Mode
- •Phase Correct PWM Mode
- •8-bit Timer/Counter2 with PWM and Asynchronous Operation
- •Overview
- •Registers
- •Definitions
- •Counter Unit
- •Output Compare Unit
- •Force Output Compare
- •Modes of Operation
- •Normal Mode
- •Fast PWM Mode
- •Phase Correct PWM Mode
- •Timer/Counter Prescaler
- •SS Pin Functionality
- •Slave Mode
- •Master Mode
- •SPI Control Register – SPCR
- •SPI Status Register – SPSR
- •SPI Data Register – SPDR
- •Data Modes
- •USART
- •Overview
- •AVR USART vs. AVR UART – Compatibility
- •Clock Generation
- •External Clock
- •Synchronous Clock Operation
- •Frame Formats
- •Parity Bit Calculation
- •USART Initialization
- •Parity Generator
- •Disabling the Transmitter
- •Receiver Error Flags
- •Parity Checker
- •Disabling the Receiver
- •Flushing the Receive Buffer
- •Asynchronous Data Recovery
- •Using MPCM
- •Write Access
- •Read Access
- •Two-wire Serial Interface
- •Features
- •TWI Terminology
- •Electrical Interconnection
- •Transferring Bits
- •START and STOP Conditions
- •Address Packet Format
- •Data Packet Format
- •Overview of the TWI Module
- •SCL and SDA Pins
- •Bit Rate Generator Unit
- •Bus Interface Unit
- •Address Match Unit
- •Control Unit
- •TWI Register Description
- •TWI Bit Rate Register – TWBR
- •TWI Control Register – TWCR
- •TWI Status Register – TWSR
- •TWI Data Register – TWDR
- •Using the TWI
- •Transmission Modes
- •Master Transmitter Mode
- •Master Receiver Mode
- •Slave Receiver Mode
- •Slave Transmitter Mode
- •Miscellaneous States
- •Analog Comparator
- •Analog Comparator Multiplexed Input
- •Features
- •Operation
- •Starting a Conversion
- •Differential Gain Channels
- •Changing Channel or Reference Selection
- •ADC Input Channels
- •ADC Voltage Reference
- •ADC Noise Canceler
- •Analog Input Circuitry
- •ADC Accuracy Definitions
- •ADC Conversion Result
- •ADLAR = 0
- •ADLAR = 1
- •Features
- •Overview
- •Test Access Port – TAP
- •TAP Controller
- •PRIVATE0; $8
- •PRIVATE1; $9
- •PRIVATE2; $A
- •PRIVATE3; $B
- •Bibliography
- •Features
- •System Overview
- •Data Registers
- •Bypass Register
- •Device Identification Register
- •Reset Register
- •Boundary-scan Chain
- •EXTEST; $0
- •IDCODE; $1
- •SAMPLE_PRELOAD; $2
- •AVR_RESET; $C
- •BYPASS; $F
- •Scanning the Digital Port Pins
- •Scanning the RESET Pin
- •Scanning the Clock Pins
- •Scanning the ADC
- •Features
- •Application Section
- •BLS – Boot Loader Section
- •Read-While-Write and no Read-While-Write Flash Sections
- •Boot Loader Lock Bits
- •Performing a Page Write
- •Using the SPM Interrupt
- •Setting the Boot Loader Lock Bits by SPM
- •Reading the Fuse and Lock Bits from Software
- •Preventing Flash Corruption
- •Fuse Bits
- •Latching of Fuses
- •Signature Bytes
- •Calibration Byte
- •Signal Names
- •Parallel Programming
- •Enter Programming Mode
- •Chip Erase
- •Programming the Flash
- •Programming the EEPROM
- •Reading the Flash
- •Reading the EEPROM
- •Programming the Lock Bits
- •Reading the Signature Bytes
- •Reading the Calibration Byte
- •SPI Serial Downloading
- •Data Polling Flash
- •Data Polling EEPROM
- •AVR_RESET ($C)
- •PROG_ENABLE ($4)
- •PROG_COMMANDS ($5)
- •PROG_PAGELOAD ($6)
- •PROG_PAGEREAD ($7)
- •Data Registers
- •Reset Register
- •Programming Enable Register
- •Virtual Flash Page Read Register
- •Programming Algorithm
- •Entering Programming Mode
- •Leaving Programming Mode
- •Performing Chip Erase
- •Programming the Flash
- •Reading the Flash
- •Programming the EEPROM
- •Reading the EEPROM
- •Programming the Fuses
- •Programming the Lock Bits
- •Reading the Signature Bytes
- •Reading the Calibration Byte
- •Electrical Characteristics
- •Absolute Maximum Ratings*
- •DC Characteristics
- •External Clock Drive Waveforms
- •External Clock Drive
- •Two-wire Serial Interface Characteristics
- •ADC Characteristics
- •Register Summary
- •Instruction Set Summary
- •Ordering Information
- •Packaging Information
- •Errata
- •ATmega32 Rev. A
- •Datasheet Change Log for ATmega32
- •Changes from Rev. 2503E-09/03 to Rev. 2503F-12/03
- •Changes from Rev. 2503D-02/03 to Rev. 2503E-09/03
- •Changes from Rev. 2503C-10/02 to Rev. 2503D-02/03
- •Changes from Rev. 2503B-10/02 to Rev. 2503C-10/02
- •Changes from Rev. 2503A-03/02 to Rev. 2503B-10/02
- •Table of Contents
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ATmega32(L) |
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Parallel Programming |
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Enter Programming Mode |
The following algorithm puts the device in Parallel Programming mode: |
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1. |
Apply 4.5 - 5.5V between VCC and GND, and wait at least 100 µs. |
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2. |
Set |
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to “0” and toggle XTAL1 at least 6 times |
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RESET |
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3. |
Set the Prog_enable pins listed in Table 108 on page 258 to “0000” and wait at |
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least 100 ns. |
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4. |
Apply 11.5 - 12.5V to |
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Any activity on Prog_enable pins within 100 ns |
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RESET. |
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after +12V has been applied to |
RESET, |
will cause the device to fail entering Pro- |
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gramming mode. |
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Note, if External Crystal or External RC configuration is selected, it may not be possible |
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to apply qualified XTAL1 pulses. In such cases, the following algorithm should be |
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followed: |
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1. |
Set Prog_enable pins listed in Table 108 on page 258 to “0000”. |
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2. |
Apply 4.5 - 5.5V between VCC and GND simultanously as 11.5 - 12.5V is applied |
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to |
RESET. |
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3. |
Wait 100 µs. |
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4. |
Re-program the fuses to ensure that External Clock is selected as clock source |
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(CKSEL3:0 = 0b0000) If Lock bits are programmed, a Chip Erase command |
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must be executed before changing the fuses. |
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5. |
Exit Programming mode by power the device down or by bringing |
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pin to |
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RESET |
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0b0. |
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6. |
Entering Programming mode with the original algorithm, as described above. |
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Considerations for Efficient |
The loaded command and address are retained in the device during programming. For |
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Programming |
efficient programming, the following should be considered. |
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• The command needs only be loaded once when writing or reading multiple memory |
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locations. |
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• Skip writing the data value $FF, that is the contents of the entire EEPROM (unless |
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the EESAVE fuse is programmed) and Flash after a Chip Erase. |
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• Address high byte needs only be loaded before programming or reading a new 256 |
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word window in Flash or 256 byte EEPROM. This consideration also applies to |
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Signature bytes reading. |
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Chip Erase |
The Chip Erase will erase the Flash and EEPROM(1) memories plus Lock bits. The Lock |
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bits are not reset until the program memory has been completely erased. The Fuse bits |
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are not changed. A Chip Erase must be performed before the Flash and/or the |
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EEPROM are reprogrammed. |
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Note: 1. The EEPRPOM memory is preserved during chip erase if the EESAVE Fuse is |
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programmed. |
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Load Command “Chip Erase” |
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1. |
Set XA1, XA0 to “10”. This enables command loading. |
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Set BS1 to “0”. |
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Set DATA to “1000 0000”. This is the command for Chip Erase. |
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Give XTAL1 a positive pulse. This loads the command. |
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5. |
Give |
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goes low. |
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WR |
a negative pulse. This starts the Chip Erase. RDY/BSY |
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6. |
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goes high before loading a new command. |
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Wait until RDY/BSY |
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259 |
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2503F–AVR–12/03 |
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Programming the Flash |
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The Flash is organized in pages, see Table 111 on page 258. When programming the |
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Flash, the program data is latched into a page buffer. This allows one page of program |
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data to be programmed simultaneously. The following procedure describes how to pro- |
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gram the entire Flash memory: |
A. Load Command “Write Flash”
1.Set XA1, XA0 to “10”. This enables command loading.
2.Set BS1 to “0”.
3.Set DATA to “0001 0000”. This is the command for Write Flash.
4.Give XTAL1 a positive pulse. This loads the command.
B. Load Address Low byte
1.Set XA1, XA0 to “00”. This enables address loading.
2.Set BS1 to “0”. This selects low address.
3.Set DATA = Address low byte ($00 - $FF).
4.Give XTAL1 a positive pulse. This loads the address low byte.
C. Load Data Low Byte
1.Set XA1, XA0 to “01”. This enables data loading.
2.Set DATA = Data low byte ($00 - $FF).
3.Give XTAL1 a positive pulse. This loads the data byte.
D. Load Data High Byte
1.Set BS1 to “1”. This selects high data byte.
2.Set XA1, XA0 to “01”. This enables data loading.
3.Set DATA = Data high byte ($00 - $FF).
4.Give XTAL1 a positive pulse. This loads the data byte.
E. Latch Data
1.Set BS1 to “1”. This selects high data byte.
2.Give PAGEL a positive pulse. This latches the data bytes. (See Figure 129 for signal waveforms)
F. Repeat B through E until the entire buffer is filled or until all data within the page is loaded.
While the lower bits in the address are mapped to words within the page, the higher bits address the pages within the FLASH. This is illustrated in Figure 128 on page 261. Note that if less than 8 bits are required to address words in the page (pagesize < 256), the most significant bit(s) in the address low byte are used to address the page when performing a page write.
260 ATmega32(L)
2503F–AVR–12/03
ATmega32(L)
G. Load Address High byte
1.Set XA1, XA0 to “00”. This enables address loading.
2.Set BS1 to “1”. This selects high address.
3.Set DATA = Address high byte ($00 - $FF).
4.Give XTAL1 a positive pulse. This loads the address high byte.
H. Program Page
1.Set BS1 = “0”
2.Give WR a negative pulse. This starts programming of the entire page of data. RDY/BSYgoes low.
3.Wait until RDY/BSY goes high. (See Figure 129 for signal waveforms)
I.Repeat B through H until the entire Flash is programmed or until all data has been programmed.
J.End Page Programming
1.1. Set XA1, XA0 to “10”. This enables command loading.
2.Set DATA to “0000 0000”. This is the command for No Operation.
3.Give XTAL1 a positive pulse. This loads the command, and the internal write signals are reset.
Figure 128. Addressing the Flash which is Organized in Pages
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PROGRAM |
PCMSB |
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PAGEMSB |
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PCPAGE |
PCWORD |
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COUNTER |
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PAGE ADDRESS |
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WORD ADDRESS |
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WITHIN THE FLASH |
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WITHIN A PAGE |
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PROGRAM MEMORY |
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PAGE |
PCWORD[PAGEMSB:0]: |
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PAGE |
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INSTRUCTION WORD |
00 |
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01 |
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02 |
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PAGEEND
Note: 1. PCPAGE and PCWORD are listed in Table 111 on page 258.
261
2503F–AVR–12/03
Figure 129. Programming the Flash Waveforms(1)
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F |
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A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
B |
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D |
E |
G |
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DATA |
$10 |
ADDR. LOW |
DATA LOW |
DATA HIGH |
XX |
ADDR. LOW |
DATA LOW |
DATA HIGH |
XX |
ADDR. HIGH |
XX |
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XA1 |
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XA0 |
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BS1 |
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XTAL1 |
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WR |
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RDY/BSY |
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RESET |
+12V |
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OE |
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PAGEL |
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BS2 |
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Note: |
1. “XX” is don’t care. The letters refer to the programming description above. |
262 ATmega32(L)
2503F–AVR–12/03