Herbs and nutritional supplements

Грамматика

1) Страдательный залог (the Passive Voice). § 11

2) Местоимения one/ones, that/those как заместители

существительных. § 35

3) Местоимение one как формальное подлежащее. § 36

I. Предтекстовые упражнения.

I.1. Переведите эти предложения.

The classical chemical methods are now rarely used except for standardization. When this is required, the methods most commonly employed are the titration, the conversion, and the colorimetric estimation. In daily practice, colorimetry, polarography and titration are widely used but are being rapidly replaced by other techniques that are simpler or more accurate. In the next paragraph, the spectrophotometric procedure of determination of indomethacin content in Indocid capsules is described.

Indomethacin (25-50 mg) was dissolved in a mixture of pyridine and water (5 ml of 1+4 V/V); next, 40 ml of 0.05 NBS solution were added and the reaction was allowed to proceed in the dark for 45 min (temperature=252⁰C). The precipitate formed was filtered and washed with water (5x10 min). After decanting the water the precipitate was dissolved in hot ethanol (50 ml), cooled and transferred into a 100 ml calibrated flask. It was then diluted to the mark with ethanol. An aliquot equivalent to 0.02–0.016 mg of indomethacin was placed in a 10 ml calibrated flask and completed to volume with ethanol. The absorbance of the solution was measured at 227 nm. The indomethacin content was determined from a calibration graph prepared according to the procedure described below.

I.2. Раскройте скобки и замените инфинитив глагола в скобках соответствующей видо-временной формой в активе или пассиве.

1. The early pharmaceutical industry (to base) upon its ability to isolate the active ingredients from plants and to obtain crude drugs from them.

2. The term “crude drug” usually (to apply) to plant or animal organs, or preparations from these, either in fresh state or dried, and either ground or unground.

3. The medicinal benefits of herbs (to know) to man for centuries.

4. Vitamins (to consider) micronutrients because the body (to need) them in comparatively small amounts.

5. Supplements that not (to mark) natural may (to contain) coal tars, dyes, preservatives, sugars, starch, and other additives.

6. Vitamins (to classify) as either water-soluble or fat-soluble.

7. Herbs containing volatile constituents (to dry) at temperatures near freezing.

8. The OTC market (to be) highly competitive as most of the drugs (to be) on the market for years.

9. Research teams in the USA and other countries (to explore) the use of gene therapy.

10. Pharmaceutical care (to be) increasingly augmented by activities that may (to describe) as focused areas of practice.

I.3. Укажите номера предложений, в которых one/ones заменяют существительное. Переведите эти предложения.

1. Altough there are no major chemical differences between a vitamin found in food and one created in a laboratory, natural supplements do not contain other unnatural ingredients.

2. If you find one supplement that meets your needs, remember to take it daily. If it does not contain a large enough quantity of what you want, you may consider taking more than one.

3. Water-soluble vitamins must be taken daily as they cannot be stored in the body and are excreted within one to four days.

4. Pleasant-tasting herbs are potentially less toxic than bitter-tasting ones, and can be used more often.

5. There are poisonous plants, and even deadly ones.

6. Patients often tolerate one agent better than another.

7. Unlike synthetic drugs, plants vary in their chemical composition, so processing methods can make all the difference between a safe effective high-quality product and one that is not.