Poisons and dangerous chemicals

Грамматика

1. Предлоги. § 29

2. Времена Perfect Active и Passive. § 9, 11

3. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий. § 2

I. Предтекстовые упражнения

I.1. Подчеркните в следующих предложениях прилагательные и наречия в различных степенях сравнения. Переведите эти предложения.

1. The most common source of carbon monoxide is exhaust fumes. 2. Many household products, such as domestic bleach, are poisonous. 3. Aloe vera is commonly known as a skin healer and moisturizer. 3. The most essential of the falty acids is linoleic acid. 4. The less the body weight, the less is the pressure on the heart. 5. Fresh, simple foods can be absorbed by the body more easily than processed foods. 6. Soap is probably one of the best-known antiseptics, Alcohol is another. 7. Since the alkali metals are the most electropositive (the least electronegative) elements, they react with a great variety of nonmetals. 8. Most biological compounds are heat labile and must be stored at low temperature.

I.2. Раскройте скобки, заменив прилагательные и наречия соответствую­щей степенью сравнения там, где необходимо.

1. Ampules, the (old) type of parenteral product containers, are made en­tirely of glass.

2. Compared to plastic, glass (frequently) interacts with the preparation it contains.

3. Intravenous administration is (important) and (common) parenteral ad­ministration route.

4. Plastic polymers have several advantages over glass including durabil­ity, (easy) storage and disposal, and reduced weight.

5. Journal articles provide (current) information about drugs.

6. Errors in dosage calculations or drug preparation are (likely) to occur in pediatric patients than in adults.

7. (small) number of drugs should always be used to treat patients.

8. Start with a low dosage and titrate the medication dose (slowly).

9. (popular) web brousers are Netscape Navigator/Communicator and Microsoft Internet Explorer.

I.3. Подчеркните сказуемое в каждом из следующих предложений и назовите его видо-временную форму. Переведите эти предложения.

1. Accepted daily allowances for oral administration of vitamins have been established, but there is no consensus on recommendations for intravenous (IV) administration.

2. Selenium deficiency has been associated with muscle pain and cardiomyopathy.

3. It has been estimated that 30-50% of the patients admitted to hospi­tals have some degree of malnutrition.

4. For many years, the unit of measurement for the activity of vitamins A, D, and E has been the International Unit (IU) which is analogous with the United States Pharmacopea (USP) unit.

5. Lack of sufficient fibre in the diet has been linked to cancers of the colon and rectum, diverticulitis, hemorrhoids, varicous veins and heart disease.

6. Vitamin В₃ (niacin) has become a "hot" vitamin because of the role it plays in reducing cholesterol.

7. Scientific research has proven that a deficiency of an isolated vitamin or mineral can produce the same symptoms as a deficiency of that mineral or vitamin.

8. Excess iron build-up in the tissues has been associated with a rare disease known as hemochromatosis, a disorder that causes bronze skin pigmentation, diabetes, and heart disorders.

9. If an overdosage has been caused by taking small dosages too frequently, the symptoms may be more difficult to recognize.

10. A physician received a call from the parent of a 2-year old child who had ingested an unknown quantity of analgesic tablets.

11. By the middle of 19^th century several organic compounds had been produced by reaction of purely inorganic materials, and the unique character of organic compounds was recognized.

12. The clinical testing of the drug will have been completed by next February.

I.4. Укажите номера предложений в предыдущем упражнении, в которых глагол в видовой форме Perfect использовался для выражения:

1. завершенности действия;

2. незавершенности действия;

3. завершения действия к какому-то времени в прошлом или будущем.

I.5. Заполните пропуски в тексте предлогами. Прочтите текст вслух.