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Файл:Lets Sound Smart! Introduction to English Phonetics and Grammar. Давайте говорить красиво! Вводный фонетико-грамматический курс по английскому языку.
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9. I don’t have the first lesson today.
10. We have two modern classrooms in the university. One of them is
equipped with computers, the other one with computers and headphones
(it’s where we can practice our listening skills).
5) Вставьте
in the end
или
at the end
вместо пропусков.
1. Now you have to sign the contract. Put your signature ________.
2. ________ it stopped raining and we could go for a walk.
3. See this long corridor? The bathroom is ________.
4. George wants us to go to Italy, James says we must go to France but I
think we may go to Spain ________.
5. The book does have a bibliography and a good index. Look
_________.
6. Let’s see the new film "________ of time?"
7. I would like to invite you to a museum. It is ________ of the street.
8. Don’t worry you don’t have a well-paid job. You may find a better one
________.
9. At an exam some students know nothing about the subject and return
a blank paper ________.
10. He never applaudes _________ of the concert.
11. My birthday is ________ of March.
6) Заполните пропуски предлогами
ми
before, after
.
on, to, in, for, with, of, at
и союза-
Hi, I am Joe Bingley and I am in my second year ____ Durham Unuiversity. I am studying AS levels ___ Law, Spanish, Economics and English
Literature.
My typical day… Well, ___ my typical day I get up ___ around seven.
____ getting dressed I have some breakfast ____ making a quick dash
for the bus ___ university. The first lesson of the day and my favourite is
English Literature. We’re looking ___ John Keats’ poems ___ the moment.
Then, ___ 12 o’clock, we have a break – it’s lunchtime and a chance to
catch up ___ all my mates ___ the latest news. After Break it’s straight
off ___ PE which ___ a Monday morning is my practical lesson. I usually
play football with students who also play ___ the university football team
___ me. The next period is Spanish, my other favourite lesson. We get
together ___ small groups and have conversations ___ particular topics.
Then we get all the ideas together ___ the end. After classes I stay ___
an extra tutorial or ___ exercise ___ the college gym.
7) Translate from Russian into English using the words and expressions
from the text. Put the verbs into the form of the present simple or pre-
129
sent continuous. Say the sentences in English paying attention to your articulation and intonation.
1. У Алины «окно» на первом занятии. А у нас сегодня первым уроком — немецкая литература. 2. В фонозале я обычно я занимаюсь (=
занят) прослушиванием упражнений на аудирование и просмотром
фильмов на английском языке. 3. В настоящее время на занятиях по
английской литературе мы изучаем рассказы О. Генри. Для меня это
— время, проведённое с пользой. 4. Время от времени я захожу на
сайт «Одноклассники», чтобы обсудить с друзьями события дня. 5.
Что вы делаете на занятиях по испанскому? – Мы обычно обсуждаем
разные темы, разумеется на испанском. 6. На этом (= сегодняшнем)
уроке французской литературы мы будем анализировать романы
Гюстава Флобера. 7. Я встаю обычно в 6.30 утра — и никакого долгого «лежания» в постели! 8. Приняв душ и одевшись, Даша завтракает и мчится к автобусу. 9. Артём — участник волейбольной команды
социально-педагогического университета. Сегодня он играет в волейбол со студентами из команды (= которые играют в команде) технического университета. 10. В настоящее время мы готовимся к приближающемуся экзамену: повторяем английскую грамматику, делаем
упражнения на аудирование, выполняем грамматические упражнения. 11. Перекусив (после того как мы перекусим) в столовой университета, мы мчимся на вторую пару (занятие). 12. В настоящее время
Шарлота повторяет материал в качестве подготовки к приближающемуся экзамену. 13. Что вы будете делать сегодня на занятии по
французской литературе? — Будем разбирать произведения Франсуазы Шагал. Это сложно, но преподаватель объясняет материал так,
что легко всё понимаешь. 14. Как ты завершаешь день? — Вечером
мы с сестрой смотрим телевизор, расслабляемся, едим, болтаем. 15.
Давай подышим свежим воздухом. — Не могу, мне нужно закончить
работу, которую я не успел сделать. 16. Чем ты занимаешься в настоящее время? — Учусь в ростовском педагогическом университете.
— Родители тебе помогают? — Да, они поддерживают меня как только могут. 17. Университетские услуги включают мультимедийный фонозал, компьютерные классы. В университете есть (there’s) спортзал,
библиотека и читальный зал. 18. Ты любишь слушать рок музыку? —
Нет, это не моё.
8) Answer the following questions as if you were Caroline Darcy. Make
use of the expressions from the text
A Day in the life of Caroline Darcy
(at least one expression should be used for each question).
Model
S1: What time do you normally wake up?
S2: Usually I wake up at about seven a.m., I never have a lie-in
.
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1. What do you normally do after getting up? 2. What transport do you
usually use to get to the college? 3. What do you do before catching a
bus to the college? 4. What year are you in? 5. What do the college facilities include? 6. What do you normally do in the digital language lab? in
the library? 7. Do your classes start at one and the same time every day?
8. What do you usually do if you have a free period? 9. What is the first
lesson of the day for you on Monday? 10. What is the last lesson of the
day? 11. Where do you go at break? 12. What do you normally do at
break? 13. Do you participate in the sports life of the college? 14. What
do other students in your group think about Chinese Literature as a subject? 15. Analysing Chinese poetry is challenging, isn’t it? 16. Besides
analysing Li Bai’s poems, what else are you doing at present in Chinese
Literature classes? 17. What do you usually do in French class? 18. Do
you socialize with your friends at lunchtime? 19. Where do you go after
lunch? 20. How do you practice Spanish in Spanish class? 21. What do
you typically do on Monday after your Spanish class? 22. Do you ever
stay at the college after classes? What do you stay for? Do you ever stay
to use the gym? 23. Can you evaluate your typical day at the college? 23.
Are the college staff helpful?
9) Make a list of key words and retell the text
Darcy
10) Make a text of your own based on the text
line Darcy
the words and expressions from the text. Make a list of key words and tell
the other students from your class about your academic day using the
key words.
11) а) Make 5-6 questions using the expressions from the text
the ife of Caroline Darcy
among your group aboute their activities on this day. Ask at least three
questions to each student and write down the answers. (The students
should use the other expressions from the text
Darcy in their answers.
using the key words.
(about your typical academic day at university). Make use of
. Choose a day in the week and make a survey
)
A Day in the life of Caroline
A Day in the life of Caro-
A Day in
Day in the ife of Caroline
Model 1 S1: Excuse me. I am currently making a survey about the way
university students spend their day. Could you answer a few questions
about your daily routine? The fist question is: Do you usually have a lie-in
in the morning?
S2: I do. Оn a Tuesday I normally stay in bed till eight or half past nine,
because I have my first lesson free
.
S1: I see. Thank you. And one more question, please…
131
б) Report the results of your survey to the class in the indirect speech.
Model St: Lena says she usually has a lie-in on a Tuesday because she
has her first lesson free.
12) Learn the following dialogues. Make your own microdialogues with
the other expressions from the text
A Day in the life of Caroline Darcy
you have learnt so far.
Model S1: Tanya, are you a student?
S2: Yes, I am. I am currently studying at university.
a)
S1: Lena, I wonder, what year
you are in at university?
S2: I’m in my third year, and
you?
S1: My fifth.
S2: I see.
c)
S1: Jane, what do you think
about Chinese Literature as
a subject?
S2: Well, it may not be every-
one’s cup of tea, but I like
it.
S1: Analysing Chinese poetry is
challenging, isn’t it?
S2: Yes, it’s the subject that I
personally find the most dif-
ficult, but an enjoyable one
as well.
b)
S1: Anna, do you ever have a lie-
in?
S2: Yes, sometimes. If I've got a
free period first thing, then
yes. And you?
S1: I'm always straight up at 7.
No lie-ins.
S2: Wow, you're organised.
S1: I am.
d)
S1: What do you usually do in
Spanish class, Charlotte?
S2: It's difficult to say in one
word. Lots of different things.
S1: For example?
S2: Well, we often have conversations on a particular topic in small
groups – obviously in Spanish! –
and we discuss it together afterwards. What do you do in in
French class?
S1: We do a lot of listening plus
conversations like you’ve described*, too.
* - like you've described = как те, что ты описала
13) а) Prepare written answers to the questions about your day at university, using the expressions from the text A Day in the Life of Caroline
Darcy. b) Be prepared to take part in a conversation with the teacher on
how you spend your day at university.
132
в безударном конечном
1. Who is the first to get up in the morning in your family? 2. Who wakes
you up in the morning? 3. Who is waking you up tomorrow morning? 4.
Do you ever have a bit of a lie-in or do you get up at once? 4. What
does your morning begin with? 5. Do you do your morning exercises
every morning? 6. Do you ever take a bath in the morning? 7. You have
breakfast in the kitchen don’t you? 8. Where are you studying? Do you
always get to university on time? 9. Do you ever have your first lesson
free? 10. What is the first lesson of the day for you on Monday? On Tuesday? On Wednesday? On Thursday? On Friday? What is the last lesson of
the day on these days? 11. What facilities for study does your university
have? 12. How are you getting on at university? 13. What do you normally do at break? 14. When at university, do you stay indoors all day?
15. What subject do you personally find the most difficult? Are the college
staff helpful? 16. What are you doing in French (Spanish, German, Chinese) class these days?. 17. What do you do in PE class? 18. Do you participate in sports at university? 19. Do you ever stay behind at the university after classes? If yes, what for? 20. How do you usually end your day?
21. Can you evaluate your typical day at university? 22. Can you say that
the university is supporting you. In what way? (Why not?)
Unit 3
Правила чтения
Правила чтения букв A, E, G, L, N, K, O, U, Y, W и буквосочетаний
с ними
Буква,
(букво-
Положение в слове Произноше-
ние
сочетание)
all, alk
au
ng
nk во всех случаях [ŋk] tank
h
r [r] rabbit
ar
[ɔ:]
во всех случаях, но не
[ŋ] singer
перед конечной e
в слове hour [-] hour [aʊә]
в ударном слоге без по-
[ɑ:] bark, arm
следующей гласной
Пример
mall, talk
audio
er, ar
ә better, cellar
133
положении
в открытом ударном сло-
rule, Luke,
[u:]
u
ге после r, l, j
в открытом ударном сло-
[ju:]
ге (не после r, l, j)
June
tune, use,
mute
в закрытом ударном сло-
[ʌ]
bus, luck
ге
в безударном слоге,
[ә] co’rrect
кроме конечного
o
в закрытом ударном сло-
[ɒ] dog, dock
ге
перед k [ʊ] look, book
oo
не перед k
food, cool,
[u:]
zoo
oy, oi [ɔɪ] boy, noise
doctor, Ox-
в безударном слоге [ә]
or
ford
в ударном слоге [ɔ:] pork
ore на конце слова [ɔ:] more
q в буквосочетании qu [kw] quite, quick
eu
[ju:] neutral
sion
tion
ation
[ʃәn]
[eɪʃәn]
au, aw,
author, law,
[ɔ:]
war
warranty
ear перед согласной [ɜ:] learn
er, ir,
в ударном слоге без по-
her, girl,
[ɜ:]
ur, yr
следующей гласной
burn, myrtle
wor перед согласной [wɜ:] word
Упражнения к Unit 3
1. Прочитайте.
а) hot, pot, not, rot, got, sob, rob, mob, fob, Bob, hop, mop, top, pop, lop,
cog, fog, hog, jog, bog, sod, rod, nod, hod, hop, hot, hog, hod, pop, pod,
134
cob, cog, cod, cot, Tom, top, rob, rod, rot, mop, mop, not, top, lop, got,
dot, log, lot, fob, got, bob, log, pod
б) all, ball, stalling, tall, calling, fall, hall, call, wall, wall, stall, falling, small,
fall, jaw, caw, law, paw, raw, law, draw, flaw, claw, dawn, fawn, lawn,
pawn, brawn, brawl, crawl, hawk, straw, aught, caught, taught, naught,
fraught, daughter, slaughter, naughty, haughty, nought, bought, fought,
sought, thought, brought, ward, war, ,warble, warlike, warn, warp, ward,
warbler, warm, warmer, warning
в) nut, hut, cut, gut, but, jut, fun, run, nun, sun, gun, bun, up, pup, sup,
cup, sup, pup, rug, mug, pug, jug, dug, bug, hub, rub, tub, bud, mud, cud,
sum, hum, gum, rum, gum, sum, hut, hum, hug, hub, run, rug, rub, rum,
bus, but, bug, bun, sup, sun, sum, sun, cut, cup, cud, gun, gut, gum, gun,
cup, fun, hub, sum, rug, bud, hut, run, bus, cut, sup, nut, sun, cup, but, rug,
hum, nun, mud, hum, rub, run, pup, mug, sup, nun, tub, gum, pug, cud,
hut, mud, hug, rub, bus, cud, sum, jug, run, tub, dug, jut, tug, gun, bun,
rum, hub, nut, up, cut, sun, hut pup gut mug jug, bug, bun, sum, cup
г) boot, hoot, root, roof, loom, soon, moon, hoop, mood, tool, shoot, cool,
boon, toot, hoof, doom, noon, hoot, room, loop, rood, pool, woof, food,
root, fool, woof, boom
д) new, Jew, blew, flew, slew, chew, brew, crew, drew, grew, flew, stew
е) sort, corn, port, nor, fork, or, lord, short, cord, morn, born, nor, for, sort,
pork, torn, orb, corn, lord, horn, fort, cork, short
ж) fir, turn, bird, hurt, her, shirt, churn, herd, curl, bird, sir, harder, burst,
stir, charter, verb, hurl, burn, bird, curl, cleaner, blacker, girl, fern, cur,
churn, stern, under, firm, birch, fur
з) clink, sunk, drank, chink, tank, sink, prank, rank, stink, chunk, wink,
drinking, pink, sinking, junk, blank, lank, sunk, bank, drink, sank, blank,
winking, blink
и) sing, lung, hung, rang, bring, slang, clung, pang, gang, song, sting, pang,
along, stung, hanging, ring, tong, song, long, rung, clang, tong, hang, ringing, bringing, singing, banging
к) pension, passion, admission, expansion, addition, condition, intention, fiction, fraction, petition, contention, tradition, action, nation, station, relation,
sensation, plantation, information, starvation, station, nation, intention production, confession, permission, profession, commission, discussion, profession, commission, addition, condition, intention, fiction, fraction, petition,
production, contention, tradition, action, nation, station, relation, sensation,
plantation, formation, information, starvation, generation, solution, distribution, institution, constitution, contribution, evolution, execution, distraction,
domination, expansion, reduction, station, permission, persecution, transportation, discussion, nation, intention, experession, substitution, affection, procession, formation, dimension
135
Unit 4
Интонация
Логическое ударение
Логическое ударение — это выделение в синтагме более сильным
ударением какого-либо слова для подчеркивания его особого значения.
Логическое ударение представляет собой разновидность синтагменного
ударения [Словарь лингвистических терминов]. Оно выделяет коммуникативный центр высказывания, подчёркивая в нём элементы противопоставления. Используя логическое ударение, говорящий выделяет слова, которые представляются важными именно ему. Как и в других языках, в английском языке логическое ударение может падать на любое
слово в синтагме. Сравните:
I can do this task. – Я могу выполнить это задание.
(простая кон-
статация факта)
I can do this task. – Я могу выполнить это задание.
(Именно я, а
не кто-то другой, может выполнить это задание)
I can do this task. – Я могу выполнить это задание.
(Я могу вы-
полнить именно это задание, а не какое-либо другое)
Выделение может происходить не только как ударение на конкретное слово, но и как противопоставление:
Is this 'train to London or to Cambridge? – Это поезд в Лондон
или в Кэмбридж?
При произнесении названий улиц коммуникативный центр высказывания смещается со слова street на слово, являющееся названием
улицы:
дящим тоном.
1. Какова функция логического ударения в синтагме?
2. На какое слово смещается коммуникативный центр высказывания при
произнесении названий улиц?
He lives in Park Street.
Логическое ударение часто оформляется в речи высоким нисхо-
Вопросы
Упражнения к Unit 4
1. Произнесите, следя за правильностью произнесения заднеязычного сонанта [ŋ] в связной речи.
æn ɪz әt ðә lesn || ɪts әn ɪŋglɪs lesn || ʃi· ɪz sɪtɪŋ әt ðә desk || ʃi· ɪz
lɪstәnɪŋ tә ðә ti:tʃә || ʃi· ɪz lɪstәnɪŋ ә tentɪvlɪ||
ðɪs ɪz mɪs smɪθ || ʃi· ɪz ә taɪpɪst || ʃi· ɪz taɪpɪŋ letәz fә ðә mænәdʒә
|| ʃi· mәst fɪnɪʃ ðәm baɪ ði i:vnɪŋ ||
2. Прослушайте диалоги. Воспроизведите их, имитируя интонацию
носителя языка и обращая внимание на употребление трёх типов ядерного тона, изученных вами в Unit 1, а также на логическое ударение.
136
Составьте аналогичные диалоги, заменяя подчеркнутые слова другими,
подходящими по смыслу (см. образец).
Model
– Sid is five.
– Five? Sid is seven. Ted is five.
Model – Jack is twenty -two.
– Twenty-two? Jack is twenty. James is twenty-two.
3. Произнесите следующие пары побудительных высказываний, обращая внимание на изменение места ядерного тона в синтагме в зависимости от интенций говорящего.
Give it to Pete, please. Listen at tentively, please.
Give it to me, please. Listen to me, please.
Say it to Pat, please. Ex plain it to Sam, please.
Say it. Ex plain it.
4. а) Прослушайте фразы. Обратите внимание на смещение ядерного тона в каждой паре фраз. Сделайте интонационную разметку. Повторите фразы за диктором. б) Отреагируйте на приведенные ниже высказывания вашего собеседника (другого студента или учителя), выбрав из
каждой пары фраз одну, наиболее подходящую для поддержания разговора.
а)
1) He has a family. He has a big family.
2) She has plans. She has many plans.
3) He lives in a flat. He lives in a little flat.
4) She is his sister. She is his elder sister.
б)
1) A: Joseph works so hard…
B: …
2) A: Emma is Joe’s younger sister, isn’t she?
B: …
3) A: As far as I remember, Jack lives in a house.
B: …
4) A: I don’t think he has a family.
B: …
5) A: I want to ask her out on a date tomorrow.
B: …
6) A: Tom's flat is very big.
B: …
7) A: She has no plans for tomorrow.
137
B: …
5. Отработайте фонетическое чтение диалогов с изученными вами
звуками, имитируя интонацию носителей языка. Найдите примеры логического ударения. Выучите диалоги наизусть и воспроизведите их в парах.
а)
- What’s wrong?
- Nothing’s wrong.
- Something’s wrong.
- It’s nothing much.
- What’s the trouble? Has John
come?
- I love buns.
- Buns make crumbs.
- I love guns.
- Guns cost money.
- I love Ms Hunt.
- Ms Hunt‘s a honey.
б)
- Mm. Come and gone.
в)
- Is this seat free, please?
- No, it isn’t. – I’m keeping it for
Miss Grimm.
- Well, can I sit in this seat?
- I’m afraid not – but that seat by
the window’s free.
- Then I’ll sit in it.
- But if you sit in that seat, you
- What does that model cost?
- This modern model?
- What does it cost?
- Oh, not a lot.
- Mm.
- What have you got?
- Er… not a lot.
- Mm.
г)
won’t* see a thing.
д)
- A frog! Look! A frog on a log!
- It’s hopped off. Got it.
- No, John, stop it! Let it hop to the
pond.
- Come on then… Froggy! Hop! Hop!
Hop to the pond! Hop! … Plop!
ж)
- Ask it to bark, Margaret.
- I rather think it can’t bark, Arnold.
- Can’t bark? But if it can’t bark, it
can’t guard the house. Ask it to
bark, Margaret.
- Er… er… Can’t you… bark?
- Bark, can’t you! Bark! Bark!
Arnold
-
can bark.
- Sh! The boss is on the bus!
- But the boss doesn’t come by bus.
- Well, this is a bus – and that’s the
boss.
- Oh, yes – at the front.
- Mm – next to Molly Monk
- Oh!
з)
- Jim’s a brilliant physicist.
- Jim’s a silly nitwit.
- Criticism! Nothing but criticism! If
it isn’t Jim, it’s Billy and if it isn’t Billy, it’s…
- Billy’s ridiculous!
- Philip, it’s silly to criticise everybody!
- Yes, Jill, it is. Now, why are you
е)
criticizing me?
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