- •Introduction.
- •Lights. Огни.
- •Vocabulary
- •Light Structures
- •Material
- •Shapes of Light Structures
- •Phrases to remember:
- •Explanatory Note
- •Nomenclature of lights
- •Fog signals
- •Black Rock Point Lighthouse (Original dated prior to 1990)
- •Exercises
- •I. Translate the following into Russian:
- •II. Give the characteristic and the position of the following lights.
- •III. Decipher the following abbreviations and translate them into Russian:
- •IV. Answer the questions:
- •V. Translate the following sentences into English. Do it in writing:
- •VI. Describe the Lights given on chart:
- •Ponta dos Frades – Sutrapada
- •Buoys & beacons. Буи и знаки.
- •Vocabulary
- •Word building Словопроизводство
- •Speech Pattern
- •Grammar:The Nominative Absolute Participle Construction – независимый причастный оборот.
- •Exercises
- •V. Answer the following questions:
- •VI. Can you sketch the following buoys given below:
- •Useful information. Remember it:
- •VII. Translate the following sentences into English. Do it in writing:
- •Dangers. Hazards. Опасности.
- •Vocabulary
- •Other words
- •Memorize the translation of the following sentences:
- •1.Sw winds cause a considerable sea. Юго-западные ветры вызывают значительное волнение моря.
- •Useful information. Remember it:
- •We want to have the hull painted. – Мы хотим покрасить корпус (чтобы нам покрасили корпус).
- •Exercises
- •I. Read and translate the following into Russian:
- •Reading Drill
- •II. Read and translate:
- •III. Do the following sentences according to the given model:
- •IV. Give the Russian equivalents to the following word combinations:
- •V. Translate the following sentences into Russian, taking into account the use of the Passive Voice:
- •VI. Answer the questions:
- •VII. Translate the following questions into English and give your answers to them:
- •VIII. Translate into Russian:
- •IX. Translate into English. Do it in writing:
- •X. Decipher the following abbreviations and translate them into Russian:
- •Jetty [dʒeti ] мол; пристань
- •Nature of seabed
- •Qualifying terms
- •Other words
- •Word building
- •Exercises
- •I. A. Learn the Speech Pattern:
- •II. Translate the following characteristics of the bottom:
- •III. Give the English equivalents to the following:
- •V. Use the Passive Voice for the verbs in brackets:
- •VI. Translate into Russian. Do it in writing:
- •VII. Answer the following questions:
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into English. Do it in writing:
- •IX. Decipher the following abbreviations and translate them into Russian:
- •Other expressions
- •To cause a heavy scend – вызывать сильную вертикальную качку Memorize the translation of the following sentences:
- •Word building
- •Speech Pattern
- •Exercises
- •II. Translate the following sentences into Russian according to models, taking into consideration the use of the Infinitive: a.
- •III. Answer the following questions:
- •IV. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •Tides and tidal streams. Приливы и приливо – отливные течения.
- •Vocabulary
- •Weaken слабый Other words and expressions
- •Word building
- •II. Complete th sentenses with the suitable prepositions given below:
- •V. Give the English equivalents to the words in the brackets:
- •VI. Give the characteristic of the following tides and tidal streams:
- •VI. Say it in English:
- •Cautions. Предупреждения.
- •Vocabulary
- •Other words and expressions
- •Phrases to remember
- •Memorize the translation of the following sentences:
- •Exercises
- •I. Learn the following word combinations, taking into consideration the use of prepositions:
- •II. Complete the sentences, you may use the following words:
- •III. Complete the sentences, using the phrases in brackets:
- •IV. Say it in English:
- •V. Translate these questions into English and give your answers:
- •Pilots and tugs. Лоцманы и буксиры.
- •Vocabulary
- •Word building
- •Exercises
- •II. Make up sentences with the following phrases:
- •III. Translate the following sentences, taking into consideration a phrase
- •V. Translate into English:
- •VI. A. Read and translate the descriptions of the pilot launches:
- •VII. Ask questions about:
- •VIII. Translate the following sentences into English. Do it in writing:
- •IX. Answer the following questions:
- •X. Find the Pilot Boarding Points, given on chart:
- •XI. Translate the text. Do it in writing. Pilot embarkation by helicopter.
- •Port services.
- •Word building
- •Exercises
- •I. Translate the following questions into English and give your answers:
- •II. Say it in English:
- •Navigational publications notices to mariners. Извещения мореплавателям.
- •Vocabulary
- •Admiralty notices to mariners
- •Index of notices and chart folios
- •Index of chart affected
- •II admiralty charts and publications now published and available new admiralty charts and publications
- •New editions of admiralty charts and publications Admiralty Charts published 10 September 1999
- •3280* England, East Coast – River Medway – Limehouse Reach and Scotline Terminal
- •3281* Scotland, West Coast – Approaches to Campbeltown – Smerby Rocks
- •3287 Iceland, East Coast – Nordhfjardhardfloi – Reykjabodhi - Depth
- •3274 Baltic sea – Denmark – Osterrenden – tss; Radar beacons; Buoyage
- •3297 Netherlands – Westerschelde – Everingen and Gat van Ossenisse - Buoyage
- •3299 Spain, West Coast – Ria de Arosa and Approaches – Radar beacons
- •3277 Japan – Naikai – Dredged channel; Depths
- •3346 Australia – Western Australia – Maintained depth
- •3355 North america, West Coast – Alaska – Fog signal
- •3377(P)/99 ireland, East Coast – River Boyne – Tom Roe’s Point – Harbour
- •3381(T)/99 australia – Victoria – Works
- •3385(T)/99 new zealand – North Island – Navigational information
- •III navigational warnings
- •V corrections to admiralty list of lights and fog signals
- •Volume 1, 1998/99 – part 2
- •Reporting System (caldovrep)
- •Channel Navigation Information Service (cnis)
- •Port Operations and Information Service
- •Vessels which have been grounded, has a fire, been in collision or sustained heavy weather damage,
- •Contents
- •Introduction 1
- •Bibliography. Main sources
- •Iala Maritime Buoyage System combined Cardinal and Lateral System. Published at Tauton, United Kingdom Hydrographic Office, 2011.
- •Imo Standard Marine Communication Phrases.
Nomenclature of lights
Main light. – The major of two or more lights situated on the same support or neighbouring supports.
Auxiliary light. – A light placed on or near the support of a main light and having a special use in navigation.
Sector light. – A light presenting different appearances, either of colour or character, over various parts of the horizon of interest to maritime navigation.
Leading lights. – Two or more lights associated so as to form a leading line to be followed.
Lights, described as “Lts in line” are particular cases, and are intended to mark limits of areas, alignments of cables, alignments for anchoring, etc.; they do not mark a direction to be followed.
Direction light. – A light showing over a very narrow sector, forming a single leading light. This sector may be flanked by sectors of greatly reduced intensity, or by sectors of different colours or character.
Direction lights are also used to mark the limits of areas, etc., in the same way as “Lts in line”.
Vertical lights. – Two or more lights disposed vertically (or horizontally, or in a geometric shape) to give a different character or appearance. If the individual lights serve different purposes, the less important are termed auxiliary lights.
Occasional lights. – Lights exhibited only when specially needed: -
Tidal light, exhibited only when the tide serves.
Fishing light, for the use of fishermen and shown when required by them.
Private light, maintained by a private authority for its own purposes.
A distinction has been made between Reserve lights and Emergency lights. The former normally retain the character of the main light but have a reduced range and their installation is usually restricted to major manned stations.
Description of structures. – Where the colour divisions of a structure, or any part of it, are horizontal, the term “bands” is used; where vertical, “stripes”; and where the marking is in the form of a spiral, “diagonal stripes” is employed. The shape of topmarks and daymarks is often shown diagrammatically.
The height is measured from the top of the structure to the ground.
Fog signals
Fog signals are mainly produced by the following types of emitters:
The Diaphone uses compressed air and generally emits a powerful, low-pitched sound, which often concludes with a brief sound of suddenly lowered pitch termed the “grunt”. Where it is known that the sound does not terminate in a “grunt”, the signal is annotated “No grunt”.
The Horn uses compressed air or electricity to vibrate a diaphragm and exists in a variety of types which differ greatly in their sound and power; some types, particularly those at major fog signal stations, combine emitter units which simultaneously produce sounds of different pitch; these are often very powerful. Other produces a single steady tone, whilst others vary continuously in pitch.
The Siren uses compressed air and exists in a variety of types which differ considerably in their sound and power.
The Reed uses compressed air and emits a weak, high-pitched sound; it is particularly weak when hand-operated.
The Explosive emitter produces short reports by the firing of explosive charges.
The Bell, the Gong and the Whistle may be operated by machinery, sounding a regular character; by hand, sounding a somewhat irregular character; or by wave action, sounding erratically.
Morse code fog signals. – In similar manner to lights, the abbreviation “Mo” is included in the abridged description of fog signals which consist of one or more characters of the Morse code; e.g. Horn Mo (AR), Horn Mo(4), and composite fog signals are described, e.g. Siren (2+3).
Check your comprehension by answering the questions:
Is there any difference between “Leading lights” and “Lts in line”?
What purpose does a Direction light serve?
For what purpose are Occasional lights exhibited?
Is there any difference between Reserve lights and Emergency lights?
Does the term “bands”(“stripes”) mean horizontal or vertical stripes?
In what manner is the height of light structure measured?
What types of emitters are fog signals produced by?
TEXT
Beachy Head Lighthouse (circular grey tower, 14 m in height, disused)
(50º 44′N, 0º 13′ E). The lighthouse stands near the summit of Belle Toute cliff, 1
mile W of Beachy Head. Beachy Head Light (white round tower, red band, 43 m in
height) (50º44′·0N, 0º14′·6E). The lighthouse stands on drying rocks, which extend
from the foot of the cliff below the head. Power cables, marked by red spheres, run
from the lighthouse gallery to the cliff top close N.
The alignment (356¼º) of the following lights assists fishing vessels beaching: front light (white metal column, 6m in height) (50º 51′·3N, 0º 35′·5 E) standing on the beach. Rear light (white, 5-sided tower, 6 m in height) (357 m from front light), standing on West Hill.
3. The alignments (166ºand 266½º) of two pairs of lights (black shapes, white stripe on white metal framework structure), assist tanker mooring operations in the inner roadstead.
Front Mooring Leading Lights (166°) Rear
4. The lights stand close W of a stone breakwater, which extends 1¾ cable offshore and gives protection to fishing vessels from the S and W winds. The breakwater, which has a light (mast, 4 m in height) at its head, is in poor repair. Two large concrete groynes are 2 and 2¾ cables E of the breakwater. A light is exhibited from the head of the breakwater.
5. Front light (yellow triangle, point down) (51º 04′·6N, 1º 11′·5E) on The Hard. Rear light (yellow triangle, point up) (100 m WNW of front light). The alignment (295º) of these lights, which also assists ferries berthing, leads from seaward to the Ferry Terminal, passing SSW of Copt Rocks.
6. Front directional light (black triangle point up, orange stripe, on white mast)
(51º 19′ ·5N, 1º 25′·0E) on SW corner of marine terminal. Rear light (black triangle point down, orange stripe on white mast) (2½ cables W of front light). The alignment (270º) of these lights leads through the approach channel, which is marked by light-buoys, and harbour entrance, which both lie in the white sector of the directional light.
7. Front light (red and white metal column, 4 m in height) (51º 19′·6N, 1º 25′·5E) standing on the head of East Pier. Rear light (round granite tower, 11 m in height) (91 m WNW of front light) standing on the head of West Pier. The alignment (291½º) of these lights leads through Old Cudd Channel, the original approach to Ramsgate.
8. Front light (white metal mast, green top, 10 m in height) (49º 44′·4N, 0º 18′·6E). A house stands 4 cables E of the front light structure. Rear light (white pylon, green top, on house, 6 m in height) (30 m SSE of front light). The alignment (166º) of these lights leads to the best place on the beach for landing boats.
9. Head of Jetee Sud (grey tower, green top, 10 m in height) (49º 45′·9N, 0º 21′·9 E). Root of Jetee Nord (red circle on white mast, 7 m in height) (230 m E of front light). The alignment of these lights, which may be difficult to distinguish against the town lights at night, leads from the W to a position several hundred metres from Jetee Sud, whence course should be adjusted towards ENE, to pass close N the head of Jetee Sud.
10. Front light (white column, green top, 9 m in height) (51º 01′·7N, 2º 12′·0E). Rear light (white column, green top, 20 m in height) (600 m SW of front light). The alignment (120º) of these high intensity sector lights together with two beacons (radar reflectors), which stand on the leading line, 2 cables and 4 cables NW of the front light, leads through the dredged entrance channel.
11. Front light (X topmark on white metal framework tower, red bands) (51º 14′·2N,
2º 55′·6E). Rear light (X topmark on white metal framework tower, red bands) (180 m SE of front light). The alignment (128º) of these neon strip lights leads through the centerline of the channel between the piers. The pierheads, on which stand lights are 165 m apart, but the piers curve inward and most of the channel is only 120 m wide.
12. From a position SSW of the harbour entrance in Honte the alignment (023º) of front light (green mast, 4 m in height) and rear light (green metal mast, 9 m in height) (100 m NNE of front light) leads through the harbour entrance which lies between two moles, on which stand lights, W molehead (white concrete column, 5 m in height), E molehead (white concrete column, 5 m in height). The navigable channel through the entrance is 200 m wide.
13. A light (3 m in height) is exhibited on North Pier Head. This light is extinguished when vessels cannot enter the harbour. A second light (bracket on building) is exhibited 100 m SE of the harbour entrance.
14.The alignment (171º) of Black Rocks Point Lighthouse with a white house standing in front of trees (1½ miles S of the lighthouse) leads 5¼ miles through Goldstone Channel.