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4. Answer the questions:

1) What is program? 2) How are instructions executed in sequence? 3) What is a CPU characterized? 4) What are common instructions? 5) Why will each architecture have its own special instructions that are not present on the other? 6) What is an instruction represented by? 7) What do the first few bits of an instruction form? 8) What will the timing and control component implement? 9) Can some of this information be implicit? 10) What do different architectures have?

5. Find as quickly as possible and read out the sentences containing the following important information:

  • instruction repertoire

  • instruction sets

  • data locations

*6. Try to tell the gist of the text.

Word Study

1. Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following.

To be represented, a sequence of instructions, to specify one data manipulation step, control action, to be executed in sequence, the fetch-decode-execute cycle, to receive back the instruction, the Instruction Register, to change the contents, to skip over processing steps, particular data, to be repeated many times, the instruction repertoire, fixed size instructions, to identify the data manipulation, to control operation required, several different layouts, to implement a form of multiway switch, to require the data, to identify two values, information can be implicit, to define the source or destination locations, to fetch additional data from memory, encoding information, explicit data values, addressing modes, to replace the contents.

2. Give English equivalents of the following.

Послідовність команд, змінити зміст, виявити маніпулювання даними, вимагати даних, регістр команд, особливі дані, цикл «взяти-розкодувати-виконати», встановити крок маніпулювання інформацією, взяти додаткові дані з пам’яті, контрольна дія, бути представленим, виконуватись послідовно, система команд, одержати команду назад, змінити зміст, декілька різних розміщень, перескочити певні кроки обробки, повторюватись багато раз, команди фіксованого розміру, контролювати необхідну інформацію, набувати форми багато позиційного перемикача, інформація може бути неясною, визначати дві величини, визначити джерело і місце розміщення, розкодування інформації, чіткі величини даних, спосіб адресування.

3. Match the words in a with their synonyms in b:

A B

ultimately to perform

to execute outspoken

request unspoken

to remind to reach

to achieve to remember

to compare to correspond

implicit to correspond

explicit demand

4. Fill in the gaps with the words from Vocabulary Notes in the appropriate form.

a sequence / implicit / bits / to remind / to identify / to be executed / layouts / the arithmetic logic unit / the instruction repertoire / to require / to implement / addressing modes

1) А program is … of instructions in memory. 2) Instructions … in sequence. 3) … means the set of instructions that can be interpreted by the circuits in the timing and control unit and executed using … . 4) Instructions are usually given short "mnemonic" names … one of the effect achieved by the instruction. 5) An instruction is represented by a set of … . 6) The first few bits … the data manipulation or control operation required. 7) Most CPUs have several different … for instructions with differing numbers of bits allocated for the op-code. 8) The timing and control component … a form of multiway switch. 9) Many instructions … that data be specified. 10) Some data locations can be … . 11) Different architectures have quite different sets of … .

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