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Grammar in Use Types of Sentences

1. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meaning of

"should" and "would":

1. Cybernetics, computers and control systems should be introduced in hazardous industries. 2. All the data avalable should be led into the computer. 3. Should this new apparatus be tested, we could integrate it in our control system. 4. If automatic control had been used, many variable parameters would have been more reliable. 5. The automation of production would enable man to operate machines with the help of other machines. 6. The latest computers would perform several million operations in the space of just one second.

2. Analyse the type of subordinate clauses and translate the sentences into Ukrainian:

1. The automation and cybernetization of economy have given rise to unique

problems which affect the very foundations of human life.

2. The properly functioning automated production process does not need the direct participation of man, who is relieved of any forced technological connection with the machine.

3. We are increasingly dependent on robots which contribute to our comfort, protect our safety, relieve us of hard and monotonous work.

4. The design given below is described in some detail since much of it may be immediately applied to our automatic control system.

5. Scientists believe that the future of electronic automation is in self-adjusting and self-teaching machines, since they will be able to adapt themselves to the changing conditions of production.

Additional Text (for individual work)

Read and translate the text.

History and Definition of Robots

Handling operations occur in practically all production processes. At first they were carried out manually, but then the development of hardware components made it possible to relieve people from the necessity of handling heavy loads.

From this standpoint the industrial robot is not something supernatural. It is only the most perfect form of the technique used in handling processes. Their purpose is not only to substitute or imitate manual actions of human beings, but also to perform production processes more quickly and better than a man.

Robots fill the gap between special-purpose automation and human endeavour. They have demonstrated an ability to perform work that requires simple repetitive motions and, therefore, can relieve human operators from hazardous or monotonous tasks.

Terms like "teachable" and "programme-controlled" often are applied to robots. However, robots are best understood in terms of their real capabilities. Essentially, they are "off-the-shelf automation. It's the robot's ability to be easily taught or reprogrammed that distinguishes it from other types of automated handling equipment.

Robot is one of the very few Slav words (in this case Czech) borrowed in the different languages. It comes from the Old Slav word "robu", which means a servant. In modern Slav, the word "robotnik" means workman and is linked to the Russian word for work "robota".

1. Divide the text into the logical parts and give a title to each one.

2. Look through the text again. Give the main points of each passage of the text: Use: ''deals with" + word combinations given below.

E.g. The first (second, third, fourth ...) passage of the text deals with ...

The robot's abilities, the terms applied to robots, the aim of the robot's application, the functions of the robot, the history of the word "robot".

3. Discuss it with your groupmates.

Unit 2

Text Study. Classification of Robots.

Additional Text: Man/Machine Interfax.

Grammar. Direct, Indirect Speech.

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