- •Кременчук 2003
- •Витяг з протоколу № 1
- •В/о зав. Кафедри о.В. Фадєєва
- •Рецензія
- •Рецензент доц. О.В. Фадєєва Тематичний план лекцій
- •Lection 1. The noun in the contrasted languages
- •Nouns ending in vowels other than -o/-e
- •Syntax of the noun the cases
- •The nominative case
- •The accusative case
- •The genitive case
- •The dative case
- •Impersonal constructions: -ся verbs:
- •The locative case
- •The instrumental case
- •The vocative case
- •Syntax of case: the preposition
- •Alphabetical list of Ukrainian prepositions
- •Case government of Ukrainian prepositions Prepositions governing the genitive
- •Prepositions governing the genitive in addition to other cases
- •Prepositions governing the accusative
- •Prepositions governing the accusative in addition to other cases
- •Prepositions governing the dative
- •Prepositions governing the locative
- •Prepositions governing the locative in addition to other cases
- •Spatial constructions
- •Temporal constructions
- •Prepositions governing the instrumental
- •Substantival word formation
- •Lecture 2. The adjective
- •2. Comparison
- •Regular comparatives
- •Irregular comparatives
- •The analytic or compound comparative
- •Usage and 'than'
- •3. Using adjectives
- •Adjectives constructed with cases and prepositional phrases
- •Adjectives constructed with prepositional phrases
- •Genitive
- •Accusative
- •Instrumental
- •Locative
- •Adjectives constructed with infinitives and adverbs
- •Lection 3-4. The verb in the contrasted languages
- •2. Aspect and tense
- •Verbs of motion determinate and indeterminate
- •Imperfective:
- •Sequence of actions
- •3. The passive
- •4. The imperatives and conditionals the imperative
- •Irregular verbs
- •Inclusive ('Let's') commands
- •The conditional
- •5. Participles, gerunds,infinitive
- •Passive participles
- •The use of the infinitive
- •Verbs requiring the use of an infinitive
- •6. Transitive / intransiive verbs
- •Intransitive vs. Transitive: -ся verbs
- •Intransitive verbs without -ся
- •Intransitive verbs with -ся
- •General
- •Groups of adverbs
- •General
- •Groups of adverbs
- •Interrogatives
- •Indefinites
- •Interrogatives of time
- •Statements of time
- •Indefinites
- •Quantitative adverbs (adverbs of degree)
- •Indefinites
- •Сидячи сидячи стоячи стоячи лежачи лежачи
- •Adverbial modal constructions
- •It is possible that it will rain (perhaps it will rain).
- •It is impossible to open the door (it’s stuck, locked,. . .).
- •Lection 6. The numeral and pronoun in the contrasted languages
- •Summary table of cardinal, collective, and ordinal numerals
- •Два/дві, три, чотири and обидва/обидві
- •П'ять and above
- •Selected paradigms
- •Collectives
- •Distribution
- •The ordinals
- •Time expressions
- •Hours (time of day)
- •Fractions
- •Indefinite quantifiers
- •2. The pronoun: general remarks
- •2. The groups of pronouns
- •Interrogative and relative pronouns
- •'Whose?'
- •'How much?' - 'how many?'
- •Indefinite, negative, and distributive pronouns
- •Indefinites and distributives
- •Lection 7. The conjunction in the contrasted languages
- •General characteristic
- •Using conjunction
- •1. General characteristic
- •2. Using conjunctions
- •Coordination with conjunctions
- •Contrast
- •Within the composite sentence
- •The indirect y/n question
- •Other indirect questions
- •Adverbial or oblique clauses
- •Paired and repeated conjunctions
Collectives
The collective numerals decline like the cardinals in the genitive, dative, instrumental, locative, and, though it is optional, the animate accusative.
2 9
N. двоє дев'ятеро H.
G. двох дев'ятьох P.
D. двом дев'ятьом Д.
А. = nom. or gen. = nom. or gen. 3.
I. двома дев'ятьома О.
L. двох дев'ятьох М.
12 ЗО
N. дванадцятеро тридцятеро Н.
G. дванадцятьох тридцятьох Р.
D. дванадцятьом тридцятьом Д.
А. = nom. or gen. = nom. or gen. 3.
І. дванадцятьома тридцятьома О.
L. дванадцятьох тридцятьох М.
Note the stress patterns. That of двоє applies also to троє, that of дев'ятеро applies to four to ten and to обоє 'both', that of дванадцятеро applies to the teens, and that of тридцятеро applies to that of двадцятеро. In the instrumental one also encounters the ending -ьма.
The collectives are quite widely used in Ukrainian, particularly from двоє to четверо and to some extent to десятеро. They are used in counting masculine human beings (though this is not a strict rule, most animates being candidates), if any other noun is included, or just human groups without a noun, thus двоє братів 'two brothers', троє бобрів 'three beavers', Нас було четверо 'There were four of us'. Note that they are followed by the genitive plural when themselves in the nominative. When constructed with a noun, the normal cardinal is very frequent, for example, два брати 'two brothers'. Otherwise, their major use is with pluralia tantum, for example, четверо дітей 'four children' (there is, of course, a singular дитина 'child', but the relationship is suppletive; since it is suppletive, as we have seen above, дві дитини is quite acceptable!), двоє ножиць 'two (pairs of) scissors' (ножиці 'scissors'), четверо окулярів 'four (pairs of) spectacles' (окуляри 'spectacles'), двоє дверей 'two doors' (двері 'door').
A problem occurs in the case of compound numerals, where the collectives *oiold not be used as final component, i.e. there is no двадцять троє. Here, in ЙЮ cases other than the nominative and accusative inanimate one simply uses мів ordinary cardinal; for the nominative and accusative inanimate one may usе a quantifier, most often штука 'piece' or пара 'pair' (for animates the use ot the normal cardinal is acceptable, as we saw for дитина above). Thus:
У тій крамниці я знайшов тридцять три штуки таких окулярів.
In that shop I came across thirty-three such pairs of spectacles.
Біля всіх чотирьох дверей стояли поліцейські.
Policemen were standing by all four doors.
One may note set phrases such as по двоє 'in pairs', 'two by two', вдвоє + comparative 'twice as. . .' (as = than . . .)
APPROXIMATION
In order to express 'about', 'approximately' with numerals, we can use words such as the prepositions біля + G., близько + G., and з + A. 'about', or the indefinite adverb десь 'somewhere' in front of the quantity:
Марія читала книжку біля трьох годин.
Mariya was reading the book for about three hours.
Це сталося з десять тижнів тому.
This happened about ten weeks ago.
Скільки? З двадцять доларів.
How much? About twenty dollars.
Десь чотири градуси морозу було вночі.
There were somewhere around four degrees of frost during the night.
Близько трьох днів я був у Києві.
І was in Kyiv for more or less three days.
For numbers above 'one', we can simply invert the order in which the numeral and the object occur: сантиметрів два-три 'about two to three centimetres', років чотири 'about four years'. If there is a preposition involved, the number will precede the preposition + noun phrase: Він пішов годин на дві 'Не went for about two hours'. Note from these examples that the measurement will then appear in the genitive plural, no matter what the number is ('Of the set of "centimetres", we have the number X'); some speakers may nevertheless prefer to keep the noun in the case specified by the number (години на дві).