- •Кременчук 2003
- •Витяг з протоколу № 1
- •В/о зав. Кафедри о.В. Фадєєва
- •Рецензія
- •Рецензент доц. О.В. Фадєєва Тематичний план лекцій
- •Lection 1. The noun in the contrasted languages
- •Nouns ending in vowels other than -o/-e
- •Syntax of the noun the cases
- •The nominative case
- •The accusative case
- •The genitive case
- •The dative case
- •Impersonal constructions: -ся verbs:
- •The locative case
- •The instrumental case
- •The vocative case
- •Syntax of case: the preposition
- •Alphabetical list of Ukrainian prepositions
- •Case government of Ukrainian prepositions Prepositions governing the genitive
- •Prepositions governing the genitive in addition to other cases
- •Prepositions governing the accusative
- •Prepositions governing the accusative in addition to other cases
- •Prepositions governing the dative
- •Prepositions governing the locative
- •Prepositions governing the locative in addition to other cases
- •Spatial constructions
- •Temporal constructions
- •Prepositions governing the instrumental
- •Substantival word formation
- •Lecture 2. The adjective
- •2. Comparison
- •Regular comparatives
- •Irregular comparatives
- •The analytic or compound comparative
- •Usage and 'than'
- •3. Using adjectives
- •Adjectives constructed with cases and prepositional phrases
- •Adjectives constructed with prepositional phrases
- •Genitive
- •Accusative
- •Instrumental
- •Locative
- •Adjectives constructed with infinitives and adverbs
- •Lection 3-4. The verb in the contrasted languages
- •2. Aspect and tense
- •Verbs of motion determinate and indeterminate
- •Imperfective:
- •Sequence of actions
- •3. The passive
- •4. The imperatives and conditionals the imperative
- •Irregular verbs
- •Inclusive ('Let's') commands
- •The conditional
- •5. Participles, gerunds,infinitive
- •Passive participles
- •The use of the infinitive
- •Verbs requiring the use of an infinitive
- •6. Transitive / intransiive verbs
- •Intransitive vs. Transitive: -ся verbs
- •Intransitive verbs without -ся
- •Intransitive verbs with -ся
- •General
- •Groups of adverbs
- •General
- •Groups of adverbs
- •Interrogatives
- •Indefinites
- •Interrogatives of time
- •Statements of time
- •Indefinites
- •Quantitative adverbs (adverbs of degree)
- •Indefinites
- •Сидячи сидячи стоячи стоячи лежачи лежачи
- •Adverbial modal constructions
- •It is possible that it will rain (perhaps it will rain).
- •It is impossible to open the door (it’s stuck, locked,. . .).
- •Lection 6. The numeral and pronoun in the contrasted languages
- •Summary table of cardinal, collective, and ordinal numerals
- •Два/дві, три, чотири and обидва/обидві
- •П'ять and above
- •Selected paradigms
- •Collectives
- •Distribution
- •The ordinals
- •Time expressions
- •Hours (time of day)
- •Fractions
- •Indefinite quantifiers
- •2. The pronoun: general remarks
- •2. The groups of pronouns
- •Interrogative and relative pronouns
- •'Whose?'
- •'How much?' - 'how many?'
- •Indefinite, negative, and distributive pronouns
- •Indefinites and distributives
- •Lection 7. The conjunction in the contrasted languages
- •General characteristic
- •Using conjunction
- •1. General characteristic
- •2. Using conjunctions
- •Coordination with conjunctions
- •Contrast
- •Within the composite sentence
- •The indirect y/n question
- •Other indirect questions
- •Adverbial or oblique clauses
- •Paired and repeated conjunctions
The vocative case
The vocative case is described as that form which occurs with names of persons or words designating persons/things being addressed: 'John!' 'Kolya!' 'Anna!' will all be marked as 'vocatives' in Ukrainian. As a rule, foreign names (such as 'John') are not marked, but there is nevertheless a tendency to do so, especially in the spoken language. Thus:
Aннo! Anna!
Павле! Pavlo!
Іване! Ivan!
батьку! Father!
Джон(е)! John!
The vocative is not limited to contexts in which the person is addressed directly, however; the name of a person mentioned in the middle or at the end of an utterance (almost parenthetically) will also be in the vocative:
Ідіть сюди, Ольго Сергіївно. Come here, Ol'ha Serhijivna.
Що ти сказав, Володю? What did you say, Volodya?
Це я, Борисе, твій брат. It is I, Borys, your brother.
Syntax of case: the preposition
The presence of a preposition in conjunction with a noun (as with other declinable elements) requires the noun to appear in the particular case which that preposition governs; Ukrainian prepositions may govern any case except the vocative and the nominative. The following is a virtually complete alphabetical list of Ukrainian prepositions and the cases they govern; this list is followed by subgroups of prepositions according to the case which each governs, with definitions, and followed by examples.
Alphabetical list of Ukrainian prepositions
Many Ukrainian prepositions can govern more than one case. The vast majority of prepositions that govern only one case govern the genitive. We explore instances - and meanings - of multiple governance in the relevant sections. Where a list is provided of prepositions governing one case only, examples of only a few selected ones will suffice, especially when several are synonymous (this is especially true of the genitive prepositions). Where prepositions govern more than one case, examples are cited for each. The following list includes historically simple prepositions (such as y), formations consisting of two prepositions (for example, з-за) or three prepositions (such as з-понад) acting as one, prepositional constructions involving a frozen case form (like позаду), as well as those resulting from other word-formational processes (for example, завдяки). It does not include constructions such as поруч з, in which the case of an accompanying noun or noun phrase is determined by the second element (here the preposition з); such constructions are numerous in Ukrainian, and quite transparent in their usage and meaning.
Preposition Case(s) governed
без G.
біля G.
близько G.
в = у G.,A., L.
вдовж = удовж G.
вздовж = уздовж G.
від (од: archaic) G.
віддалік = оддалік G.
вподовж = уподовж G. (cited in SUM)
впоперек = упоперек G.
впродовж = упродовж G.
всередині G.
вслід = услід D.
всупереч = усупереч D.
для G.
до G.
довкола (довкіл) G.
(ід = до, dial. D.)
з, зі, зо G, А., І.
за G, А., І.
з-за, із-за G.
завдяки D.
замість G.
заради G.
збоку G.
(зверх, зверху, rare G.)
ззаду G.
з-перед G.
з-під G.
з-поміж (з-помежи) G.
з-понад G.
з-попід G.
з-посеред G.
з-проміж G.
(к: archaic D.)
коло G.
край G.
крізь А.
крім G.
між (rarely: межи, меж) G, A., I.
мимо G. (cited in SUM)
на L., A.
навколо (навкіл) G.
навпроти G.
над І., А.
накрай G.
налад G.
напередодні G.
наперекір D.
неподалік G.
насупроти (less common than G.
навпроти)
о L., A.
об L., A.
обабіч G.
обік G.
обіч G.
од: see від
оддалік (віддалік) G.
опріч G.
перед І., А.
перше G. (rarely as a preposition but cited in SUM)
під L, A.
після G.
пo L., A., (D.)
побіля G.
побіч G.
поблизу G.
поверх G.
повз (dial, поз, поуз) A., G.
повздовж G. (rare, SUM)
подовж (dial, подовш) G.
поза І., A.
позад G.
позаду G.
поздовж G.
поміж (помежи) I., G, A.
понад (variants понаді, понадо) І., А.
поперед G, L, A.
попереду G.
поперек G.
попід I., A.
попри A., L., G.
поруч G.
поряд G.
посеред G.
при L.
про А.
проміж (промежи, промеж) L, G, A.
проти (против dial.) G.
протягом I.
ради = заради G.
серед G.
спереду G
супроти (супротив, dial.) G.
у = в G.,L.,A.
уздовж = вздовж G.
упоперек = впоперек G.
услід = вслід D.
усупереч = всупереч D.
через А.
A great many prepositions live a double life as adverbs: for example, вздовж 'along (something)', or simply 'along', всупереч 'in spite of (something)', or just 'to the contrary'. Good dictionaries will indicate both usages for such forms, but some may mention only the adverbial usage (in other words, this will be the more common or primary usage) when it can in fact also be found as a preposition; just one such example is позаду, which in many source: is described as an adverb only, while SUM describes it as a preposition a: well.