15А Text

A u s t r a l i a ' s b u s h f i r e d i s a s t e r

A FUND was set up in Britain yesterday to

help families hit by the bushfires in southeastern

Australia.

So far, more than 70 people have died and

2,000 homes have been destroyed. Several

towns as well as large areas of forest and

farmland have been burnt, and hundreds of

thousands of sheep and cattle have been

killed by the firestorm, which raced along

500 miles of coast from Adelaide to Melbourne.

Bushfires - 90 per cent of which are now

caused by humans - have always been

common in Australia. If they occur in uninhabited

areas, they are often allowed to

burn themselves out. Where human life or

property is threatened, they can usually be

put out before too much damage has been

caused. "Almost every time we can cope,

but this was the one time we couldn't," a

fire officer said in Melbourne yesterday.

"We have fought many fires before, but

none like this. It was frightening, the speed

of the fire. There was nothing we could do

to stop it. We didn't know where it was

going. All we could do was try to get people

well out of the way."

Helped by temperatures around 43 degrees

and strong winds after a twelvemonth period

of dry weather, the fires spread at

lightning speed. Some of them may have

been started deliberately. In South Australia

yesterday a 19-year-old unemployed

worker was charged with deliberately

lighting fires in the Adelaide Hills, where

nine people died and 100 homes were destroyed

on Wednesday. For his own safety,

the accused man was locked up until his

trial.

Last night, thanks to cooler and less windy

weather, the fires were largely under control,

but higher temperatures have been

forecast for this weekend. South Australian

fire-service spokesman David Williams

warned: "There are large areas of land that

haven't been burnt. They are extremely dry,

and carelessness or a deliberate act could

start it all again."

96

15В

SOUTH

AUSTRALIA

Adelaide

I—=- ^ A r e a s hit by bushfires

15В Грамматика

1. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice)

Most bushfires

Большинство лесных пожаров

100 homes

Сто квартир

Higher temperatures

Более высокие температуры

Some of the fires may

Часть пожаров

форма be

are

were

были

have been

были

have been

была

Past Participle

caused

возникают

destroyed

разрушены

forecast

предсказаны

started

устроена

by humans.

по вине людей.

on Wednesday,

в среду.

for the weekend.

на выходные.

deliberately.

умышленно.

Страдательный залог образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в

соответствующем времени и причастия прошедшего времени (Past Participle)

смыслового глагола. (-≫14В1).

В активном залоге лицо или предмет, совершающий действие, стоит на первом

месте в предложении.

В пассивном залоге на первом месте в предложении стоит лицо или предмет,

подвергающийся действию со стороны другого лица или предмета, в то время,

как "носитель действия", в большинстве случаев, почти совсем не упоминается.

Если же "носитель действия" упоминается в страдательном залоге, то он

употребляется с предлогом by, соответствующим в русском языке дополнению в

творительном падеже без предлога (отвечающим на вопрос кем? чем?).

Active: The firestorm has destroyed 2,000 homes .

Passive: 2,000 homes have been destroyed (by the firestorm).

4. Самоучитель английского языка

15В/15С