- •Recovered Paper and Recycled Fibers
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •2006, Isbn 3-527-30997-7
- •Volume 1
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •4.1 Introduction 109
- •4.2.5.1 Introduction 185
- •4.3.1 Introduction 392
- •5.1 Introduction 511
- •6.1 Introduction 561
- •6.2.1 Introduction 563
- •6.4.1 Introduction 579
- •Volume 2
- •7.3.1 Introduction 628
- •7.4.1 Introduction 734
- •7.5.1 Introduction 777
- •7.6.1 Introduction 849
- •7.10.1 Introduction 887
- •8.1 Introduction 933
- •1 Introduction 1071
- •5 Processing of Mechanical Pulp and Reject Handling: Screening and
- •1 Introduction 1149
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •150.000 Annual Fiber Flow[kt]
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Void volume
- •Void volume fraction
- •Xylan and Fiber Morphology
- •Initial bulk residual
- •4.2.5.1 Introduction
- •In (Ai) Model concept Reference
- •Initial value
- •Validation and Application of the Kinetic Model
- •Inititial
- •Viscosity
- •Influence on Bleachability
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Introduction
- •International
- •Impregnation
- •Influence of Substituents on the Rate of Hydrolysis
- •140 116 Total so2
- •Xylonic
- •Viscosity Brightness
- •Xyl Man Glu Ara Furf hoAc XyLa
- •Initial NaOh charge [% of total charge]:
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •In 1950, about 50% of the global paper production was produced. This proportion
- •4.0% Worldwide; 4.2% for the cepi countries; and 4.8% for Germany.
- •1150 1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •Virgin fibers
- •74.4 % Mixed grades
- •Indonesia
- •Virgin fibers
- •Inhomogeneous sample Homogeneous sample
- •Variance of sampling Variance of measurement
- •1.Quartile
- •3.Quartile
- •Insoluble
- •Insoluble
- •Insoluble
- •Integral
- •In Newtonion liquid
- •Velocity
- •Increasing dp
- •2Α filter
- •0 Reaction time
- •Increasing interaction of probe and cellulose
- •Increasing hydrodynamic size
- •Vessel cell of beech
- •Initial elastic range
- •Internal flow
- •Intact structure
- •Viscosity 457
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •1292 Index
- •Visbatch® pulp 354
- •Index 1293
- •1294 Index
- •Impregnation 153
- •Viscosity–extinction 433
- •Index 1295
- •1296 Index
- •Index 1297
- •Inhibitor 789
- •1298 Index
- •Index 1299
- •Impregnation liquor 290–293
- •1300 Index
- •Industries
- •Index 1301
- •1302 Index
- •Index 1303
- •Xylose 463
- •1304 Index
- •Index 1305
- •1306 Index
- •Index 1307
- •1308 Index
- •In conventional kraft cooking 232
- •Visbatch® pulp 358
- •Index 1309
- •In prehydrolysis-kraft process 351
- •Visbatch® cook 349–350
- •1310 Index
- •Index 1311
- •1312 Index
- •Viscosity 456
- •Index 1313
- •Viscosity 459
- •Interactions 327
- •1314 Index
- •Index 1315
- •Viscosity 459
- •1316 Index
- •Index 1317
- •Xylose 461
- •Index 1319
- •Visbatch® pulp 355
- •Impregnation 151–158
- •1320 Index
- •Index 1321
- •1322 Index
- •Xylan water prehydrolysis 333
- •Index 1323
- •1324 Index
- •Viscosity 459
- •Index 1325
- •Xylose 940
- •1326 Index
- •Index 1327
- •In selected kinetics model 228–229
- •4OMeGlcA 940
- •1328 Index
- •Index 1329
- •Intermediate molecule 164–165
- •1330 Index
- •Viscosity 456
- •Index 1331
- •1332 Index
- •Impregnation liquor 290–293
- •Index 1333
- •1334 Index
- •Index 1335
- •1336 Index
- •Impregnation 153
- •Index 1337
- •1338 Index
- •Viscose process 7
- •Index 1339
- •Volumetric reject ratio 590
- •1340 Index
- •Index 1341
- •1342 Index
- •Index 1343
- •1344 Index
- •Index 1345
- •Initiator 788
- •Xylose 463
- •1346 Index
- •Index 1347
- •Vessel 385
- •Index 1349
- •1350 Index
- •Xylan 834
- •1352 Index
Index 1347
TurboFeed system 381–382
turpentine 967
twin-refiner 1106
two-stage bleaching processes 879
two-stage delignification, operating
conditions 730
two-stage fractionation system 600
two-stage neutral magnefite process 467–468
two-stage oxygen delignification 631
– first commercial application 727
– industrial fractions 722
two-stage screening, cascade feed-forward
arrangement 598
two-stage sulfite pulping, pH-dependency of
delignification, pulp yield and acetyl
content 473–474
two-step chlorine dioxide bleaching,
advantages 767
two-vessel MCC® system, impregnation
Vessel 385
tyloses, cell components 48
u
UCC see upper cooking circulation
Ulmus, steroids 37
Ulmus americana
– hemicelluloses, nonglucosic units 29
– kinetic parameters for xylan water
prehydrolysis 333
ultrastructure
– cell wall components 41–44
– wood characterization 21
UMSP see scanning UV
microspectrophotometry
unbleached hardwood sulfite pulp, reflectance
and absorption coefficient spectra 611
unbleached pulp 348–350
– quality, predicted by selected model of kraft
cooking kinetics 223
– yield, Sivola process spruce pulp 469
unbleached softwood kraft pulp, comparison
of different cooking conditions 234
unbleached spruce kraft pulp, parameters in
CBC and conventional cooking 285
unbleached spruce pulp, paper properties
109
underflow, hydrocyclone 579–580
underflow thickening, centrifugal cleaning
theory 584–585
unidirectional longitudinal diffusion, residual
sodium fractions 139
United States
– legislation 1195–1198
– recovered paper grades 1162
UP see unbleached pulp
upflow reactors, atmospheric 623–624
upper cooking circulation 388
urban forest 1151
uronic acids, determination 1233–1234
utilization, packaging materials 1193
utilization rate 1167
UV microscopy, fiber morphology 1271
v
Va-Purge process 130
vacuum swing adsorption 828
validation, selected model of kraft cooking
kinetics 223–227
valley beater, pulp beating 1281
Valmet PGW grinder 1095
Valonia ventricosa 24
van Heiningen model 689
– theoretical base 690–701
vanillin
– chlorine bleaching 747
– structure 308
vanillyl alcohol
– chlorine bleaching 747
– model reaction with thiosulfate 424
vapor recompression 979–980
vascular cells, cell components 46
velocity
– aperture/passing 565
– rotor tip (screening operating parameters)
577
velocity profile, hydrocyclone 581
veratryl-b-guaiacyl ether, homolytic
fragmentation and oxidation 751
veratrylglycerol-b-guaiacyl ether 749
vessels
– cell components 46
– hardwoods 53
– rattan 50
– wood cells 50
vibrating conveyor, log handling 98
vibratory screens 605
Vilamo method 403
vinyl ether
– resistance to chlorine dioxide oxidation
749
– structure and relative oxygen susceptibility
640
virgin paper, annual flow in comparison to
recovered paper 15
virgin pulp fiber
– consumption for paper production 1154
1348 Index
– global production 8–9
Visbatch® process 7, 327, 346–350, 352–365,
1024, 1051
– development 327
– process conditions for beech, birch,
eucalypt and spruce 365
VisCBC 7, 346–348, 1024, 1032
– hardwood cooking process 347
viscose
– dissolving pulp applications 1025
– production of regenerated cellulose fibers
7
– quality 1031–1032
viscose fibers
– dissolving pulp characterization 1061
– strength properties 1036–1037
viscosity 959–960
– adjustment, ozone task 831
– as function of extinction 433
– as function of H-factor 440, 464
– as function of residual effective alkali 270,
272
– beech sulfite pulp 1042
– black liquor 970–973
– borol charge dependence 823
– CBC cooking liquor 288
– CED-intrinsic 451
– commercial paper-grade pulp 1013
– conventional, MCC® and EMCC®
cooking 297
– degradation, sulfite cooking 1045
– detrimental effect 814
– different wood species 452–453
– dissolving pulp characterization 1061
– during ozonation, temperature effect 813
– efficiency of chlorine dioxide 768–769
– in relation to R18 363
– in relation to screened yield 454
– in relation to xylan 455
– in spent liquor 456–457, 459
– increase, polymers in solution 1248
– kraft softwood pulp 236
– Lo-Solids™ laboratory cooks 302
– loss in G-factor model 195–197, 356–357
– measurements 1248–1251
– oxygene bleaching 629
– pine kraft pulp 825
– pine/spruce kraft cooking 226, 232, 243
– polysulfide addition effect 293
– predictions, comparison against
experiment 687
– preservation 819, 823
– radiata pine kraft pulp 247
– reduced 1250
– selectivity plot for different AQ charges
323
– selectivity plot for different CBC cooking
temperatures 290
– spruce AS/AQ pulping 479
– standard batch cooking 245
– TCF-bleached dissolving pulp 1049, 1051
– temperature effect 865
– unbleached Visbatch® pulp 353, 357
viscosity–kappa number relationship 364,
452–453, 479–480
visible microscopy, fiber morphology 1271
VOC see volatile organic compounds
void volume fraction 127–128
voids 1265–1267
volatile compounds, single elements
determination 1221
volatile oils 34
volatile organic compounds 1002
volume element, annular differential
(screening theory) 566
volumetric reject ratio, as function of reject
thickening factor 568–569, 576
– volumetric reject ratio 590
VSA see vacuum swing adsorption
w
warm black liquor 372–373, 375–376
wash filtrate 990
wash yield 537–538
washing
– atmospheric peroxide bleaching system
867
– bleaching 628, 866–867
– bleaching equipment 628
– cold caustic extraction 942
– continuous cooking process step 379
– delignification 826
– fractional 528
– HCE treatment 954
– hi-heat 384, 558
– in-digester 557–558
– interstage 948
– lignin fractions 724
– medium-consistency ozone delignification
system 826
– multi-stage 526–527
– parameters 528–536
– pH 533–534
– post-oxygen 731
– pressurized peroxide bleaching system
867