- •Recovered Paper and Recycled Fibers
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •2006, Isbn 3-527-30997-7
- •Volume 1
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •4.1 Introduction 109
- •4.2.5.1 Introduction 185
- •4.3.1 Introduction 392
- •5.1 Introduction 511
- •6.1 Introduction 561
- •6.2.1 Introduction 563
- •6.4.1 Introduction 579
- •Volume 2
- •7.3.1 Introduction 628
- •7.4.1 Introduction 734
- •7.5.1 Introduction 777
- •7.6.1 Introduction 849
- •7.10.1 Introduction 887
- •8.1 Introduction 933
- •1 Introduction 1071
- •5 Processing of Mechanical Pulp and Reject Handling: Screening and
- •1 Introduction 1149
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •150.000 Annual Fiber Flow[kt]
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Void volume
- •Void volume fraction
- •Xylan and Fiber Morphology
- •Initial bulk residual
- •4.2.5.1 Introduction
- •In (Ai) Model concept Reference
- •Initial value
- •Validation and Application of the Kinetic Model
- •Inititial
- •Viscosity
- •Influence on Bleachability
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Introduction
- •International
- •Impregnation
- •Influence of Substituents on the Rate of Hydrolysis
- •140 116 Total so2
- •Xylonic
- •Viscosity Brightness
- •Xyl Man Glu Ara Furf hoAc XyLa
- •Initial NaOh charge [% of total charge]:
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •In 1950, about 50% of the global paper production was produced. This proportion
- •4.0% Worldwide; 4.2% for the cepi countries; and 4.8% for Germany.
- •1150 1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •Virgin fibers
- •74.4 % Mixed grades
- •Indonesia
- •Virgin fibers
- •Inhomogeneous sample Homogeneous sample
- •Variance of sampling Variance of measurement
- •1.Quartile
- •3.Quartile
- •Insoluble
- •Insoluble
- •Insoluble
- •Integral
- •In Newtonion liquid
- •Velocity
- •Increasing dp
- •2Α filter
- •0 Reaction time
- •Increasing interaction of probe and cellulose
- •Increasing hydrodynamic size
- •Vessel cell of beech
- •Initial elastic range
- •Internal flow
- •Intact structure
- •Viscosity 457
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •1292 Index
- •Visbatch® pulp 354
- •Index 1293
- •1294 Index
- •Impregnation 153
- •Viscosity–extinction 433
- •Index 1295
- •1296 Index
- •Index 1297
- •Inhibitor 789
- •1298 Index
- •Index 1299
- •Impregnation liquor 290–293
- •1300 Index
- •Industries
- •Index 1301
- •1302 Index
- •Index 1303
- •Xylose 463
- •1304 Index
- •Index 1305
- •1306 Index
- •Index 1307
- •1308 Index
- •In conventional kraft cooking 232
- •Visbatch® pulp 358
- •Index 1309
- •In prehydrolysis-kraft process 351
- •Visbatch® cook 349–350
- •1310 Index
- •Index 1311
- •1312 Index
- •Viscosity 456
- •Index 1313
- •Viscosity 459
- •Interactions 327
- •1314 Index
- •Index 1315
- •Viscosity 459
- •1316 Index
- •Index 1317
- •Xylose 461
- •Index 1319
- •Visbatch® pulp 355
- •Impregnation 151–158
- •1320 Index
- •Index 1321
- •1322 Index
- •Xylan water prehydrolysis 333
- •Index 1323
- •1324 Index
- •Viscosity 459
- •Index 1325
- •Xylose 940
- •1326 Index
- •Index 1327
- •In selected kinetics model 228–229
- •4OMeGlcA 940
- •1328 Index
- •Index 1329
- •Intermediate molecule 164–165
- •1330 Index
- •Viscosity 456
- •Index 1331
- •1332 Index
- •Impregnation liquor 290–293
- •Index 1333
- •1334 Index
- •Index 1335
- •1336 Index
- •Impregnation 153
- •Index 1337
- •1338 Index
- •Viscose process 7
- •Index 1339
- •Volumetric reject ratio 590
- •1340 Index
- •Index 1341
- •1342 Index
- •Index 1343
- •1344 Index
- •Index 1345
- •Initiator 788
- •Xylose 463
- •1346 Index
- •Index 1347
- •Vessel 385
- •Index 1349
- •1350 Index
- •Xylan 834
- •1352 Index
7.4.1 Introduction 734
7.4.2 Physical and Chemical Properties and Definitions 735
7.4.2.1 Behavior of Chlorine Dioxide in Aqueous Solution 737
7.4.2.2 Inorganic Side Reactions during Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching of Wood
Pulps 737
7.4.3 Generation of Chlorine Dioxide 741
7.4.4 Chemistry of Chlorine Dioxide Treatment 745
Manfred Schwanninger
7.4.4.1 Chlorination Products 752
7.4.5 Performance of Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching 754
7.4.5.1 Standard Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching 754
7.4.5.2 Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching of Oxygen-Delignified Kraft Pulps 759
7.4.5.3 Modified Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching 761
7.4.6 Technology of Chlorine Dioxide Bleaching 770
Andreas W. Krotscheck
7.4.7 Formation of Organochlorine Compounds 771
7.5 Ozone Delignification 777
7.5.1 Introduction 777
7.5.2 Physical Properties of Ozone 778
7.5.3 Ozone Generation 782
7.5.4 Chemistry of Ozone Treatment 785
Manfred Schwanninger
7.5.4.1 Ozone Decomposition 786
7.5.4.2 Degradation of Lignin 790
7.5.4.3 Degradation of Carbohydrates 794
7.5.5 Process Conditions 798
7.5.5.1 Mass Transfer 798
7.5.5.2 Mixing and Mixing Time 802
7.5.5.3 Effect of Pulp Consistency 806
7.5.5.4 Effect of pH 811
7.5.5.5 Effect of Temperature 813
7.5.5.6 Effect of Transition Metal Ions 814
7.5.5.7 Effect of Carry-Over 816
7.5.5.8 Effect of Pretreatments and Additives 818
7.5.5.9 Effect of Sodium Borohydride after Treatment 822
7.5.5.10 Effect of Alkaline Extraction 824
7.5.6 Technology of Ozone Treatment 826
Andreas W. Krotscheck
7.5.6.1 Medium-Consistency Ozone Treatment 826
7.5.6.2 High-Consistency Ozone Treatment 827
7.5.6.3 Ozone/Oxygen Gas Management 828
7.5.7 Application in Chemical Pulp Bleaching 829
7.5.7.1 Selectivity, Efficiency of Ozone Treatment of Different Pulp Types 829
XIV Contents
7.5.7.2 Effect of Ozonation on the Formation of Carbonyl and Carboxyl
Groups 840
7.5.7.3 Effect of Ozonation on Strength Properties 841
7.5.7.4 Typical Conditions, Placement of Z in a Bleaching Stage 843
7.6 Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching 849
Hans-Ullrich Suss
7.6.1 Introduction 849
7.6.2 H2O2 Manufacture 850
7.6.3 Physical Properties 850
7.6.4 Chemistry of hydrogen peroxide bleaching 853
Manfred Schwanninger
7.6.4.1 Decomposition of H2O2 854
7.6.4.2 Residual Lignin 856
7.6.4.3 Carbohydrates 859
7.6.5 Process Parameters 860
Hans-Ullrich Suss
7.6.5.1 Metals Management 860
7.6.5.2 Alkaline Decomposition of H2O2 862
7.6.5.3 Thermal Stability of H2O2 and Bleaching Yield 863
7.6.5.4 Pressurized Peroxide Bleaching 866
7.6.6 Technology of H2O2 Bleaching 866
Andreas W. Krotscheck
7.6.6.1 Atmospheric Peroxide Bleaching 866
7.6.6.2 Pressurized Peroxide Bleaching 867
7.6.7 Application in Chemical Pulp Bleaching 868
Hans-Ullrich Suss
7.6.7.1 Stabilization of Brightness with H2O2 873
7.6.7.2 Catalyzed Peroxide Bleaching 877
7.6.7.3 Application in TCF Sulfite Pulp Bleaching 877
7.6.7.4 Activators for H2O2 Bleaching 880
7.7 Peracetic Acid in Pulp Bleaching 880
7.8 Hot Acid Hydrolysis 883
7.9 Alternative Bleaching Methods 885
7.10 Bleach Plant Liquor Circulation 887
Andreas W. Krotscheck