Index 1349

– pulp 511–558

washing zone, hi-heat 384

waste disposal, waste strategy 1192

Waste Disposal Law, Japanese legislation

1198

waste generation, causes 105

waste reduction 104–106

wasted oxidation potential 740

water, surface properties 136

water-accessible pore volume, cotton linters

1053

water extractives 1224–1225

water fractions, cell wall 1052

water layer

– adsorbed 800

– immobile 808

water oak, pulp yield–kappa number

relationship in soda-AQ cook 321

water retention 1053, 1268

– commercial paper-grade pulp 1014

– dissolving pulp characterization 1062

– value (WRV) 1016

water uptake, cellulose 1268

waterjet conditioning, pulp stone 1094

Watt, Charles 5

waxes, softwoods 36

WAXS see wide-angle X-ray scattering

methods

WBL see warm black liquor

weak wash 990

weakly nucleophilic resonance form,

condensation reaction with benzylium ion

415

wedge-shaped knife, disc chipper 81

wedge-wire screen basket 573, 1117

weight force, on settling particle 581

weight fraction, commercial pulp 1020

western hemlock

– average moisture content 125

– lignin weight fractions 213

western red cedar, average moisture content

125

wet debarking 74

wet fibers, properties 1275–1277

wheat straw fibers, cell dimensions and

chemical composition 4

wheel loaders, log handling 97

white fir, average moisture content 125

white liquor

– acid–base equilibria 117

– carbonate ion 115

– composition 113, 244

– density 116

– dregs 988

– effective alkali 244

– filterability 987

– grits 989

– hot white liquor 346, 348, 372–374

– hydrogen sulfide ion 115

– hydroxide ion 115

– influence on superbatch process 281

– kraft pulping 111

– neutralization curve 119

– oxidation in MOXYprocess 311

– preparation processes 988–990

– sulfide-lean/rich 244

– sulfidity 244

– see also black liquor, liquor(s)

white oak, average moisture content 125

white rot fungi, alternative bleaching

methods 886

white spruce, chemical composition of wood

23

whiteness, sheets 1279

wide-angle and small-angle X-ray scattering

methods 60

wind screening 93–94

wood

– characterization 21

– chemical composition 22–23

– elementary composition 22

– inorganic composition 40

– macromolecular substances 22

– mechanical defibration 1073, 1086

– microscopic structure 48–59

– polysaccharides content 30

– processing 1076–1078

– pulp raw material 21–59

– quality 1075

– storage 1076

– structure 123–129

– structure and morphology 41–48

– water content 1095

wood age, effect on kraft cooking kinetics

models 210

wood chip dimensions 127

– effect on kraft cooking kinetics models

208–211

– influence on Kazi and Chornet diffusion

model of impregnation 158

wood component yield

– as function of lignin yield 481

– AS/AQ and kraft pulping 476

– beech magnesium acid sulfite cook 438

wood components

– degradation 437–449

1350 Index

– dissolved 446

wood dissolving pulp

– lattice conversion 1044

– molecular weight distribution 1035

wood extractives

– major classes 34

– volatile 967

wood fibers, cell dimensions and chemical

composition 4

wood hemicelluloses see hemicellulose

wood log

– chipping 1078

– debarking 1076–1078

– storage 1076

wood moisture content

– chip quality 82

– groundwood properties 1086

wood polymers, molar mass decrease 1018

wood pulp

– chlorine dioxide bleaching 737–741

– morphological features 1270

wood resins 34

wood species

– effect on kraft cooking kinetics models

208–211

– influence on acid sulfite pulping process

chemistry 449–459

– influence on prehydrolysis-kraft process

358–365

– influence on viscosity–H-factor

relationship 452

– material balances in one-stage acid sulfite

cooking 458

wood yard losses 104–106

wood yard operations 69–108

– process control 95

wood yield, temporal development in water

prehydrolysis of beechwood 331

wooden debris, waste generation 105

woodfree mixed office waste 1166

WRV see water retention value

x

X-ray diffraction, crystallinity index 1259

X-ray diffractometer, goniometer 1260

X-ray fiber diagrams 1264

X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XFS) 1223

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 60

XFS see X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy

XPS see X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy