- •Recovered Paper and Recycled Fibers
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •2006, Isbn 3-527-30997-7
- •Volume 1
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •4.1 Introduction 109
- •4.2.5.1 Introduction 185
- •4.3.1 Introduction 392
- •5.1 Introduction 511
- •6.1 Introduction 561
- •6.2.1 Introduction 563
- •6.4.1 Introduction 579
- •Volume 2
- •7.3.1 Introduction 628
- •7.4.1 Introduction 734
- •7.5.1 Introduction 777
- •7.6.1 Introduction 849
- •7.10.1 Introduction 887
- •8.1 Introduction 933
- •1 Introduction 1071
- •5 Processing of Mechanical Pulp and Reject Handling: Screening and
- •1 Introduction 1149
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •150.000 Annual Fiber Flow[kt]
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Void volume
- •Void volume fraction
- •Xylan and Fiber Morphology
- •Initial bulk residual
- •4.2.5.1 Introduction
- •In (Ai) Model concept Reference
- •Initial value
- •Validation and Application of the Kinetic Model
- •Inititial
- •Viscosity
- •Influence on Bleachability
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Introduction
- •International
- •Impregnation
- •Influence of Substituents on the Rate of Hydrolysis
- •140 116 Total so2
- •Xylonic
- •Viscosity Brightness
- •Xyl Man Glu Ara Furf hoAc XyLa
- •Initial NaOh charge [% of total charge]:
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •In 1950, about 50% of the global paper production was produced. This proportion
- •4.0% Worldwide; 4.2% for the cepi countries; and 4.8% for Germany.
- •1150 1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •Virgin fibers
- •74.4 % Mixed grades
- •Indonesia
- •Virgin fibers
- •Inhomogeneous sample Homogeneous sample
- •Variance of sampling Variance of measurement
- •1.Quartile
- •3.Quartile
- •Insoluble
- •Insoluble
- •Insoluble
- •Integral
- •In Newtonion liquid
- •Velocity
- •Increasing dp
- •2Α filter
- •0 Reaction time
- •Increasing interaction of probe and cellulose
- •Increasing hydrodynamic size
- •Vessel cell of beech
- •Initial elastic range
- •Internal flow
- •Intact structure
- •Viscosity 457
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •1292 Index
- •Visbatch® pulp 354
- •Index 1293
- •1294 Index
- •Impregnation 153
- •Viscosity–extinction 433
- •Index 1295
- •1296 Index
- •Index 1297
- •Inhibitor 789
- •1298 Index
- •Index 1299
- •Impregnation liquor 290–293
- •1300 Index
- •Industries
- •Index 1301
- •1302 Index
- •Index 1303
- •Xylose 463
- •1304 Index
- •Index 1305
- •1306 Index
- •Index 1307
- •1308 Index
- •In conventional kraft cooking 232
- •Visbatch® pulp 358
- •Index 1309
- •In prehydrolysis-kraft process 351
- •Visbatch® cook 349–350
- •1310 Index
- •Index 1311
- •1312 Index
- •Viscosity 456
- •Index 1313
- •Viscosity 459
- •Interactions 327
- •1314 Index
- •Index 1315
- •Viscosity 459
- •1316 Index
- •Index 1317
- •Xylose 461
- •Index 1319
- •Visbatch® pulp 355
- •Impregnation 151–158
- •1320 Index
- •Index 1321
- •1322 Index
- •Xylan water prehydrolysis 333
- •Index 1323
- •1324 Index
- •Viscosity 459
- •Index 1325
- •Xylose 940
- •1326 Index
- •Index 1327
- •In selected kinetics model 228–229
- •4OMeGlcA 940
- •1328 Index
- •Index 1329
- •Intermediate molecule 164–165
- •1330 Index
- •Viscosity 456
- •Index 1331
- •1332 Index
- •Impregnation liquor 290–293
- •Index 1333
- •1334 Index
- •Index 1335
- •1336 Index
- •Impregnation 153
- •Index 1337
- •1338 Index
- •Viscose process 7
- •Index 1339
- •Volumetric reject ratio 590
- •1340 Index
- •Index 1341
- •1342 Index
- •Index 1343
- •1344 Index
- •Index 1345
- •Initiator 788
- •Xylose 463
- •1346 Index
- •Index 1347
- •Vessel 385
- •Index 1349
- •1350 Index
- •Xylan 834
- •1352 Index
In conventional kraft cooking 232
– at different digester locations 300
– calculated consumption in Visbatch® cook
of Eucalyptus urograndis 351
– CBC process 283
– in relation to brightness 272
– in relation to H-factor after 120 min
cooking 238
– in relation to intrinsic viscosity 270
– in relation to light absorption coefficient
269
– in relation to pine total pulp yield 239
– in relation to xylan content in unbleached
Visbatch® pulp 358
– influence on pulp yield in standard batch
cooking process 229
– kraft cooking active chemicals 114–115,
118–119, 159–161
– Lo-Solids™ laboratory cooks 301–303, 305
– predicted concentration in selected kraft
cooking kinetics model 223, 227
– white liquors 244
effective capillary cross-sectional area see
ECCSA
effective filtration pressure, in relation to
relative pressure washer capacity 536
efficiency 765
– chlorine dioxide 768–769
– fractionation 590–592
– ozone treatment 829–840
– pulp washing 531, 537–546
efficiency factor (E factor)
– determination 544
– modified 545–546
– Norden 539–544
effluent
– biological treatment 999
– pulping processes 998
– treatment 1004–1005
effluent-free mill 1007
effluent load
– avoiding 999
– mechanical pulp 1138
– temperature effect 865
effluent volume, open bleaching stage 892
Einstein see Stokes–Einstein model
electrochemical delignification, alternative
bleaching methods 887
electron density distribution
– benzylium cation 409
– carbonium-oxonium ion 417
– phenylpropene unit 2 633
electron microscopy, fiber morphology 1271
electron spectroscopy for chemical
application 1223
electron-transfer reactions, lignin 170
electronic structure, dioxygen 642
electrophilic attack, ozone 790
electrophilic attack sites, lignin 648
electrophilic-nucleophilic reactions, (di)oxygen
and derivatives 647–649
electrostatic precipitator, kraft recovery boiler
981
elemental chlorine, redox reaction 736
elemental chlorine-free bleaching see ECF
bleaching
elementary fibrils, cellulose 41
b-elimination, glycosidic bond 177
elimination reactions, lignin 169–170
ellagic acid, structure 425
EMCC®
– dissolved lignin concentration at different
digester locations 298
– effect of polysulfide 312
– process steps and flow regime 387
– residual lignin structures 262
– results 297–298
– single-vessel hydraulic digester 386
– technology and equipment 386–388
– yield–kappa number plot 248–249
emission levels
– aquatic environment 1005
– Tasmanian 1005
emission limits, selected 1003
EN 643, paper grades 1157
end-groups, reducing 657–660
energy balance, kraft recovery boiler 984–985
energy consumption, TMP 13
energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy 40, 404
enol ethers, formation 169
enolic structures, hydroperoxide formation
651
Index 1309
enone, nucleophilic addition 859
entrained air 534–535
– screening operating parameters 579
environmental aspects
– elemental chlorine 771
– pulp production 997–1008
enzyme treatment 1049
epoxides, intramolecular formation 171
equilibria, sulfite chemical pulping 395–403
equipment
– batch cooking 367–376
– bleaching 613–628
– continuous cooking 377–391
– EMCC® 386–388
– ITC 386–388
– kraft pulping 366–391
– lime cycle 990–991
– Lo-Solids™ cooking 388–390
– MCC 383–386
– parameters 572–575
– pulp washing 547–558
– RDH 372–373
– screening and cleaning 600–606
– specific pulp washing parameters 535–536
– superbatch process 373–374
equivalent volume, hydrodynamically 1250
erythronic acid
– content in aldonic acid residues 658
– formation 659
d-erythronic acid, polysaccharide chain
cleavage 662
ESCA see electron spectroscopy for chemical
application
ethanol-benzene, organic solvents 342
ether
– dissolving pulp applications 1025
– ozone reactions 793
a-O-4 ether, structure 164–165
b-O-4 ether 172–174
– structure 413
ethoxy-based surfactants 687
4-O-ethyl-b-d-glucopyranoside 830
– polysaccharide degradation 796
ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid see EDTA
EU packaging directive 1193
Euca-PHK-pulp, P-factor 259
eucalypt
– sulfite dissolving pulp 1047
– Visbatch® process conditions 365
eucalyptus
– chemical composition 451
– PHK pulp 1048
– prehydrolysis-kraft pulp 943–945
– viscosity–H-factor relationship 452
Eucalyptus globulus 967
– chemical composition 451
– chemical composition of wood 23
– lignin mass balance during impregnation
and kraft cooking 162
Eucalyptus grandis, AQ effects on kraft and
soda pulping 325
Eucalyptus saligna
– kinetic parameters for prehydrolysis weightloss
332
– kinetic parameters for xylan water
prehydrolysis 333
– lignin species degradation during kraft
pulping 213
– prehydrolysis effect on delignification rates