Index 1317

hydrogen sulfide ion

– concentration in selected model of kraft

cooking kinetics 217–220

– effect on kraft cooking kinetics models

203–206

– effect on modified kraft cooking 241–244

– molar concentration in white liquor 115

hydrogen sulfite

– concentration in cooking liquor 400–401

– Stora process 472–475

hydrogen sulfite ion

– in relation to H-factor 460

– in relation to kappa number and dissolved

Xylose 461

– in relation to screened yield and xylan 462

hydrolysis

– acid-catalyzed 341

– alkaline 178

– hemicelluloses 325–326

– hot acid 883–885

– lignin 407–414

hydrolyzation, fatty acid esters 427

hydroperoxide anions 857

hydroperoxides 645–652, 655–658, 855–859

– formation by enolic structures

autoxidation 651

– formation by phenolic structures

autoxidation 652

– formation in alkaline media 650

– formation, lignin 856

hydroperoxy anions

– concentration 854

– formation 651–652

– ozone decomposition, initiator 789

hydroperoxy radical

– hydrogen peroxide intermediates 852

– ozone decomposition 789

hydrostatic pressurization, impregnation 405

hydrosulfite see dithionite

hydrotrioxide hemiorthoester, ozonation 796

hydroxide ion

– concentration in selected model of kraft

cooking kinetics 217–220

– during VisCBC hardwood cooking process

347

– effect on CBC process 287–289

– effect on cellulose chain scissions 195

– effect on kraft cooking kinetics models

203–206

– effect on modified kraft cooking 237–241

– in relation to pine total pulp yield 240

– molar concentration in white liquor 115

– ozone decomposition, initiator 789

(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-glyoxylic acid,

structure 308

hydroxy acids, hot caustic extract 961

hydroxy carboxylic acids monitoring, role in

H-factor control 191–193

2-hydroxybutanoic acid, black liquor

composition 968

hydroxycarbonic acids, low molecular-weight

961

hydroxycyclohexadienyl radicals, formation

652

a-hydroxyl, structure and relative oxygen

susceptibility 640

hydroxyl groups

– aliphatic 261

– exchange 1102

– phenolic 173

hydroxyl radical 647, 794

– cellulose degradation 859

– during bleaching 777

– formation 712

– hydrogen peroxide intermediates 852

– methanol 788

– phenoxyl radical formation 650

hydroxyl radical adducts

– disproportionation 653

– phenolic coupling 654

– reactions 653–654

hydroxymethylfurfural, formation 419

p-hydroxyphenyl, monolignol structural

units 31

p-hydroxyphenyl groups, resistant lignin 714

p-hydroxyphenylpropane units

– lignin 165

– molecular structure 32

– wheat straw 209

a-hydroxysulfonates, formation 423

hygiene papers, utilization rate 1168

hypochlorite

– consumption 831

– oxidation capacity (OXE) 613

hypochlorous acid 737

– excess 739

i

+I-effect, lignin degradation 790

image analysis, pulp 1274

Impco HI-Q Fine Screen 601

Impco HI-Q Knotter, GL&V 602

impregnation 208–209

– acid sulfite pulping process chemistry 428

– axial 154

– continuous cooking process step 378

1318 Index

– displacement cooking process step 369

– effect on delgnification uniformity

158–162

– Kazi and Chornet diffusion model

151–158

– kraft cooking mass transfer 122–123

– lignin mass balance of Eucalyptus globulus

162

– radial 155

– refiner process 1103

– sulfite chemical pulping 403–405

– two-vessel MCC® system 385

impurities, pulp 708

in-digester washing 557–558

in-situcau sticization 992

incineration

– pulp sample 1220

– single elements determination 1221

index of nonuniformity 1241–1242, 1251

industrial oxygen delignification

– base case parameters 695

– prediction model 688–701

infeed rings, debarkers 79

inhibitors

– ozone 788

– ozone generation 788

initial NaOH charge, in relation to kappa

number and selectivity 480

initial phase

– chlorine dioxide selectivity 761

– kraft pulping reactions overview 183–184

initiators, ozone generation 788

inorganic compounds 1033–1037

– black liquor composition 968

– cellulose protection/degradation 668–671

– commercial paper-grade pulp 1014

– pulp 1219–1224

– woods 39–41

inorganic reactions, kraft pulping 184–185

integral level, wood characterization 21

intercellular layer, cell components 44

interstage washing 948

intra-stage circulation, liquor 888–890

intramolecular formation, epoxides 171

intramolecular hydrogen bond, cleavage 941

intrinsic viscosity 1250

– as function of H-factor 357

– as function of P-factor 353

– as function of residual EA 270, 272, 302

– CED 451

– in relation to pulp strength for kraft

softwood pulp 236

inverse size-exclusion chromatography 1053

ion diffusion, effect of pressure steaming 149

ionic strength

– effect on kraft cooking kinetics models

207

– effect on modified kraft cooking 244–248

iron, removal 862

iron (III) salts, cotton bleaching 709

iron sodium tartrate 1241

irregular piles, wood log storage 1076

ISEC see inverse size-exclusion

chromatography

ISO Standard method

– brightness measurement 610

– see also brightness

isoflavones, hardwoods 38

isoprene units, terpenes 35

isotherm, Langmuir 519

isothermal cooking see ITC

ITC 9, 269–274, 297, 695

– brightness gain in relation to consumed

OXE 273

– process steps and flow regime 387

– single-vessel hydraulic digester 386

– technology and equipment 386–388

j

jack pine, carbohydrate composition of sulfite

and kraft pulp 470

Japan

– legislation 1198

– recovered paper grades 1161, 1163

Jetmixer, Kvaerner 621

Juniperus, sesquiterpenic tropolone derivates

35

Juniperus communis, chemical composition of

wood 23

jute fibers, cell dimensions and chemical

composition 4

juvenile wood 56–59

k

Ka,1, temperature dependence for SO2 397

Kadant Black Clawson Chemi-Washer

551–552

kappa, efficiency of chlorine dioxide 768

kappa factor 755

– efficiency of chlorine dioxide 768

kappa number 17, 111, 137, 190–193,

208–211, 229–245, 249–275, 278–298,

301–305, 312–316, 322–325, 351, 354–357,

363–365, 475–482, 529, 715, 727, 755, 868,

1033, 1228

– as function of alkali ratio in spruce AS/AQ

pulping 479