- •Recovered Paper and Recycled Fibers
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •2006, Isbn 3-527-30997-7
- •Volume 1
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •4.1 Introduction 109
- •4.2.5.1 Introduction 185
- •4.3.1 Introduction 392
- •5.1 Introduction 511
- •6.1 Introduction 561
- •6.2.1 Introduction 563
- •6.4.1 Introduction 579
- •Volume 2
- •7.3.1 Introduction 628
- •7.4.1 Introduction 734
- •7.5.1 Introduction 777
- •7.6.1 Introduction 849
- •7.10.1 Introduction 887
- •8.1 Introduction 933
- •1 Introduction 1071
- •5 Processing of Mechanical Pulp and Reject Handling: Screening and
- •1 Introduction 1149
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •150.000 Annual Fiber Flow[kt]
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Void volume
- •Void volume fraction
- •Xylan and Fiber Morphology
- •Initial bulk residual
- •4.2.5.1 Introduction
- •In (Ai) Model concept Reference
- •Initial value
- •Validation and Application of the Kinetic Model
- •Inititial
- •Viscosity
- •Influence on Bleachability
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Introduction
- •International
- •Impregnation
- •Influence of Substituents on the Rate of Hydrolysis
- •140 116 Total so2
- •Xylonic
- •Viscosity Brightness
- •Xyl Man Glu Ara Furf hoAc XyLa
- •Initial NaOh charge [% of total charge]:
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •In 1950, about 50% of the global paper production was produced. This proportion
- •4.0% Worldwide; 4.2% for the cepi countries; and 4.8% for Germany.
- •1150 1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •Virgin fibers
- •74.4 % Mixed grades
- •Indonesia
- •Virgin fibers
- •Inhomogeneous sample Homogeneous sample
- •Variance of sampling Variance of measurement
- •1.Quartile
- •3.Quartile
- •Insoluble
- •Insoluble
- •Insoluble
- •Integral
- •In Newtonion liquid
- •Velocity
- •Increasing dp
- •2Α filter
- •0 Reaction time
- •Increasing interaction of probe and cellulose
- •Increasing hydrodynamic size
- •Vessel cell of beech
- •Initial elastic range
- •Internal flow
- •Intact structure
- •Viscosity 457
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •1292 Index
- •Visbatch® pulp 354
- •Index 1293
- •1294 Index
- •Impregnation 153
- •Viscosity–extinction 433
- •Index 1295
- •1296 Index
- •Index 1297
- •Inhibitor 789
- •1298 Index
- •Index 1299
- •Impregnation liquor 290–293
- •1300 Index
- •Industries
- •Index 1301
- •1302 Index
- •Index 1303
- •Xylose 463
- •1304 Index
- •Index 1305
- •1306 Index
- •Index 1307
- •1308 Index
- •In conventional kraft cooking 232
- •Visbatch® pulp 358
- •Index 1309
- •In prehydrolysis-kraft process 351
- •Visbatch® cook 349–350
- •1310 Index
- •Index 1311
- •1312 Index
- •Viscosity 456
- •Index 1313
- •Viscosity 459
- •Interactions 327
- •1314 Index
- •Index 1315
- •Viscosity 459
- •1316 Index
- •Index 1317
- •Xylose 461
- •Index 1319
- •Visbatch® pulp 355
- •Impregnation 151–158
- •1320 Index
- •Index 1321
- •1322 Index
- •Xylan water prehydrolysis 333
- •Index 1323
- •1324 Index
- •Viscosity 459
- •Index 1325
- •Xylose 940
- •1326 Index
- •Index 1327
- •In selected kinetics model 228–229
- •4OMeGlcA 940
- •1328 Index
- •Index 1329
- •Intermediate molecule 164–165
- •1330 Index
- •Viscosity 456
- •Index 1331
- •1332 Index
- •Impregnation liquor 290–293
- •Index 1333
- •1334 Index
- •Index 1335
- •1336 Index
- •Impregnation 153
- •Index 1337
- •1338 Index
- •Viscose process 7
- •Index 1339
- •Volumetric reject ratio 590
- •1340 Index
- •Index 1341
- •1342 Index
- •Index 1343
- •1344 Index
- •Index 1345
- •Initiator 788
- •Xylose 463
- •1346 Index
- •Index 1347
- •Vessel 385
- •Index 1349
- •1350 Index
- •Xylan 834
- •1352 Index
Index 1329
– selectivity 836
ozone gas management 828
ozone-lignin reactions 795
ozone placement, bleaching stage 843–849
ozone stage 948
ozone technology 806
ozone treatment 831–840
– chemistry 785–798
– high-consistency 827
– medium-consistency 826–827
– selectivity 820
– technology 826–829
ozonide hydrotrioxy radical 791
ozonolysis 793
p
P-factor
– alkali resistances 354
– beechwood water prehydrolysis 344–345
– concept 343–345
– different H-factor levels 359
– modified 345
– oxygen delignification efficiency 259
– TCF-bleached dissolving pulp 1051
– unbleached Visbatch® pulp 352–353, 355,
361
P-Y bleaching 1132
P(O) stage 866
packaging, categories 1192–1193
packaging papers, utilization rate 1168
packing, degree of 428
PAD see pulsed amperometric detection
paper
– average moisture content, birch 125
– chemical composition of wood 23
– collection 1178–1180
– dirty points 1076
– making 4–7, 1073, 1281–1290
– production 1147, 1153
– properties, unbleached spruce pulp 109
– recovered 1147–1210
– recovered, european list of standard
grades 1203–1210
– recycled 1199
– structure 59
– “tree-free” 14
paper chromatography, uronic acids
determination 1233
paper grade 1009, 1142, 1162, 1169
– EN643 1157
– Europe 1157, 1205
– graphic 1169
– Japan 1161, 1163
– North America 1161
– United States 1162
– utilization rate 1167–1169
paper-grade pulp 1010–1021
– chemical characterization 1013
– extended oxygen delignification 728
paper machine, invention 5
Paper Products Recovered Materials Advisory
Notice, US legislation 1196
paper pulp
– alkali resistances 1015
– fiber dimensions 1021
– molecular weight distribution 1019
paper raw material, recycled fibers
1153–1156
para-crystallinity, single-phase model 1258
para-quinone methide, lignin chemistry
Intermediate molecule 164–165
parenchymal cells
– connection 46
– hardwoods 54
– rattan 50
– wood cells 49
partial kappa numbers
– lignin fractions after washing 724
– resistant lignin fractions 724
partial pressure, ozone 779
particle size distribution, viscose samples
1032
passage ratio
– debris see debris passage ratio
– fibers see fiber passage ratio
passing velocity 565
PDI see polydispersity index
pectin 30
peeling
– anhydro-sugar unit removal 175–176
– oxidative 177
– secondary 188
peeling effect, fiber walls 1049
peeling reactions 937
– polysaccharides 661
– pulp purification 934
– starting from reducing end-groups
660–662
– starting from stablizing end-groups 662
– stopping at 4-O-methylglucuronic acid side
chains 179
penetrability, wood species 135
penetration, kraft cooking mass transfer 122,
129, 132–137
penetration factor 134
1330 Index
penetration rate, effect of steam pressure
during pre-steaming 130
pentosan
– as function of cooking temperature 463
– as function of H-factor 464
– determination 1233
pentoses
– degradation 420
– hemicelluloses 28
– spent liquor content as function of
Viscosity 456
peracetic acid
– demand 881
– equilibrium 881
– oxidation capacity 613
– oxidation equivalents (OXE) 264
– post-treatment 883
– pulp bleaching 880
perforation plates, patterns 53
permanganate demand, hot acid hydrolysis
883
permanganate number 1228–1229
permeability 513
– as function of fiber concentration 514
peroxide bleaching 1132, 1134–1135
– catalyzed 877
– ozonation 1038
– pressurized 866–867
peroxide solutions, stablity in water 863
peroxide stage, residence time 865
peroxide-supported extraction stages,
temperature effect 865
PGW see pressure groundwood
pH
– acid sulfite cooking liquor analysis 433
– oxygen delignification 704–705
– pine delignification 473
– profile 728
– pulp washing parameter 533–534
– Rauma three-stage sulfite cook 471
– sorbed sodium 520
– spruce pulp yield and acetyl content 474
– sulfite pulping processes 393
– temporal development in AS/AQ pine
pulping 479
pH effect, ozone bleaching 811–812
pH fall during bleaching, oxidation
processes 863
phase transformation model, kappa
numbers 684
phases, cellulose I 26
phenolate anions 703
phenolic compounds
– absorbance spectra 58
– hardwoods 38
– softwoods 37
phenolic coupling, hydroxyl radical adducts of
aromatic structures 654
phenolic extractives, topochemical
distribution 61–63
phenolic hydroxyl
– content in lignin samples 636
– content in residual lignin 263
– relative reactivity 635
phenolic hydroxyl groups
– bleaching 848
– in lignin fractions 173
phenolic lignin subunits
– carbohydrate degradation 795
– chemistry 164
– chromophore formation 172
– structure 164
phenolic phenylcoumaran structures 411
phenolic phenylcoumarans, neutral sulfite
pulping reactions 413
phenolic pinoresinol structures 410
– neutral sulfite pulping reactions 414
phenolic polymer, lignin 31
phenolic structures, hydroperoxide
formation 652
phenols
– in condensation reactions 424–425
– ionization 703
phenoxyl radical
– chlorine bleaching 746
– formation by oxygen or by hydroxyl radical
650
phenylcoumaran structures, phenolic 411
phenylpropane a-carbonyl-b-arylether
structures, sulfonation 412
phenylpropane building blocks, lignin 32
phenylpropanols 858
phenylpropanones 858
phenylpropene unit 2, HOMO- and electron
density distribution 633
PHK process 11, 345–365, 816
– development 7
– dissolving pulp 1024
– influence of process conditions 351–358
– influence of wood species 358–365
– lignin and xylan removal rate 348
– see also prehydrolysis
PHK pulp
– purification effidency 942
– selectivity 838