- •Recovered Paper and Recycled Fibers
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •2006, Isbn 3-527-30997-7
- •Volume 1
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •4.1 Introduction 109
- •4.2.5.1 Introduction 185
- •4.3.1 Introduction 392
- •5.1 Introduction 511
- •6.1 Introduction 561
- •6.2.1 Introduction 563
- •6.4.1 Introduction 579
- •Volume 2
- •7.3.1 Introduction 628
- •7.4.1 Introduction 734
- •7.5.1 Introduction 777
- •7.6.1 Introduction 849
- •7.10.1 Introduction 887
- •8.1 Introduction 933
- •1 Introduction 1071
- •5 Processing of Mechanical Pulp and Reject Handling: Screening and
- •1 Introduction 1149
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •150.000 Annual Fiber Flow[kt]
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Void volume
- •Void volume fraction
- •Xylan and Fiber Morphology
- •Initial bulk residual
- •4.2.5.1 Introduction
- •In (Ai) Model concept Reference
- •Initial value
- •Validation and Application of the Kinetic Model
- •Inititial
- •Viscosity
- •Influence on Bleachability
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Introduction
- •International
- •Impregnation
- •Influence of Substituents on the Rate of Hydrolysis
- •140 116 Total so2
- •Xylonic
- •Viscosity Brightness
- •Xyl Man Glu Ara Furf hoAc XyLa
- •Initial NaOh charge [% of total charge]:
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •In 1950, about 50% of the global paper production was produced. This proportion
- •4.0% Worldwide; 4.2% for the cepi countries; and 4.8% for Germany.
- •1150 1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •Virgin fibers
- •74.4 % Mixed grades
- •Indonesia
- •Virgin fibers
- •Inhomogeneous sample Homogeneous sample
- •Variance of sampling Variance of measurement
- •1.Quartile
- •3.Quartile
- •Insoluble
- •Insoluble
- •Insoluble
- •Integral
- •In Newtonion liquid
- •Velocity
- •Increasing dp
- •2Α filter
- •0 Reaction time
- •Increasing interaction of probe and cellulose
- •Increasing hydrodynamic size
- •Vessel cell of beech
- •Initial elastic range
- •Internal flow
- •Intact structure
- •Viscosity 457
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •1292 Index
- •Visbatch® pulp 354
- •Index 1293
- •1294 Index
- •Impregnation 153
- •Viscosity–extinction 433
- •Index 1295
- •1296 Index
- •Index 1297
- •Inhibitor 789
- •1298 Index
- •Index 1299
- •Impregnation liquor 290–293
- •1300 Index
- •Industries
- •Index 1301
- •1302 Index
- •Index 1303
- •Xylose 463
- •1304 Index
- •Index 1305
- •1306 Index
- •Index 1307
- •1308 Index
- •In conventional kraft cooking 232
- •Visbatch® pulp 358
- •Index 1309
- •In prehydrolysis-kraft process 351
- •Visbatch® cook 349–350
- •1310 Index
- •Index 1311
- •1312 Index
- •Viscosity 456
- •Index 1313
- •Viscosity 459
- •Interactions 327
- •1314 Index
- •Index 1315
- •Viscosity 459
- •1316 Index
- •Index 1317
- •Xylose 461
- •Index 1319
- •Visbatch® pulp 355
- •Impregnation 151–158
- •1320 Index
- •Index 1321
- •1322 Index
- •Xylan water prehydrolysis 333
- •Index 1323
- •1324 Index
- •Viscosity 459
- •Index 1325
- •Xylose 940
- •1326 Index
- •Index 1327
- •In selected kinetics model 228–229
- •4OMeGlcA 940
- •1328 Index
- •Index 1329
- •Intermediate molecule 164–165
- •1330 Index
- •Viscosity 456
- •Index 1331
- •1332 Index
- •Impregnation liquor 290–293
- •Index 1333
- •1334 Index
- •Index 1335
- •1336 Index
- •Impregnation 153
- •Index 1337
- •1338 Index
- •Viscose process 7
- •Index 1339
- •Volumetric reject ratio 590
- •1340 Index
- •Index 1341
- •1342 Index
- •Index 1343
- •1344 Index
- •Index 1345
- •Initiator 788
- •Xylose 463
- •1346 Index
- •Index 1347
- •Vessel 385
- •Index 1349
- •1350 Index
- •Xylan 834
- •1352 Index
Index 1305
– oxygen see oxygen delignification
– OxyTrac system 730
– ozone 777–849
– pH 473
– phases in kraft cooking 184
– pine 473
– predicted by selected model of kraft cooking
kinetics 223
– pressure 730
– process equipment 731
– profiles within handmade chip 160
– relation to oxygen delignification
efficiency 259
– retention time 730
– selectivity 363, 809, 815
– temperature 730
– two-stage 473, 730
– washing 826
– see also kappa number
delignification chemistry 632
– (di)oxygen and derivatives 641–649
delignification efficiency
– Eucalyptus saligna prehydrolysis kraft pulp
with oxygen delignification 260
– temperature effect 813
delignification rate 802
– equation 681
– prehydrolysis effect in prehydrolysis-kraft
process for Eucalyptus saligna 351
delignification reactions, selectivity 838
DeltaCombi, Metso 603
DeltaScreen, Metso 602
demethylation reaction, lignin 169
density
– black liquor 971
– crystallinity 1262
– dissolving pulp characterization 1062
– hydrogen peroxide 851
– white liquor 116
– wood species 127–128
dentated discs 92
– chip screens 91
deoxy-hexoses, hemicelluloses 28
3-deoxypentonic acid, black liquor
composition 968
depolymerization reactions 937
design principles, contaminant removal and
fractionation systems 594–596
detrimental effect, viscosity 814
dewatering
– compressive 517, 525–526
– press 827
– time 1283
DF see dilution factor
DI see crystallinity, degree of
diacetate filterability 1028
diamond rolls
– chip screens 92
– thickness screen 93
diarylmethane, chlorine bleaching 747
diarylmethane-type structures, lignin
chemistry 169
dichloromethane see DCM
3,4-dideoxypentonic acid, black liquor
composition 968
diequatorial intramolecular interactions,
glycone 327
diethylene diamine penta-acetic acid see
DTPA
diethylene triamino penta-acetate 670
– metals removal 861
different pulp types, ozone treatment
829–840
differential algebraic equations 228–229
differential form, Fick’s second law of
diffusion 152
differential MWD
– ozone treatment 845
– shape 844
differential volume element, annular
(screening theory) 566
diffuse-porous woods 133
– Aucoumea klaineana 53
– Fagus sylvatica 50
– vessels 53
diffusely scattered light, scattering methods
1245
diffusion
– control 800
– dissolved ozone 798
– Fick’s first law 142–143, 220, 517
– Fick’s second law 138, 219, 518
– kraft cooking mass transfer 123, 137–150
– mass transfer 518
– model see Kazi and Chornet diffusion
model of impregnation
– oxygen gas 671
– parameters 156
– pulp washing theory 517–518
– rate 149
– Stokes–Einstein model 147
diffusion coefficient 138–142
– activation energy dependency 140
– comparative evaluation for sodium ions
149–150
– dependency on wood species 148–149
1306 Index
– determination apparatus 142
– numerically evaluated for different
conditions 155
– sulfur(IV) species 404
– temperature dependency 140–141
– yield dependence 141
diffusion washers, pulp washing equipment
552–555
digester
– batch 367–368
– discharge 370
– dissolved lignin concentration at different
locations 298
– downflow hydraulic single-vessel 390
– effective alkali 300
– evacuation 129
– hydraulic single-vessel 386, 388
– pressure 403
– single-vessel hydraulic 383
9,10-dihydroxyanthracene, AQ reduction
product 317
diluted alkaline hydrogen peroxide,
decomposition in deionized water 864
dilution conveyor 827
dilution factor, pulp washing parameter
529–532, 545–546
dilution/extraction washing 523
dioxane lignin, residual 704
dioxins, concentrations 753
dioxygen 641–649
– electronic structure 642
– electrophilic-nucleophilic reactions
647–649
– principles of activation 642–644
– reactions and reduction products 644
– redox potentials 643
– reductions 854
– simplified bonding scheme 642
– see also oxygen
dioxygen-alkali delignification processes,
carbohydrate reactions 657–666
dipertenes, softwoods 35
diphenylmethane see DPM
1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, lignin degradation
791
Dipterocarpus, apitonene 37
direct causticizing 994
dirty points, paper 1076
disc chipper 80–84
disc refiners 1104
disc thickness screen
– diamond roll 93
– raised roll 91
discharge
– acid sulfite pulping process chemistry
430–434
– consistency 530, 532–533
– gate operating mode 75
discolored wood 57
discs
– chipper canter 88
– dentated 91
dismutation reaction 739
displacement
– applied on prehydrolysis kraft process 327
– cooking liquor 430–434
displacement cooking
– principles 367
– process steps 368
displacement ratio, pulp washing 538–539,
543
displacement washing 524–525
disproportionation, hydroxyl radical adducts
653
dissociation constant, temperature
dependence for SO2 397
dissolution
– of AX, carbohydrate, GGM and lignin in
CBC process 284
– single elements determination 1221
dissolved lignin
– different digester locations 298
– effect on kraft cooking kinetics models
207
– influence on alkalinity 246
dissolved oxygen, diffusion 693
dissolved ozone 780–781, 798
dissolved solids
– effect on modified kraft cooking 244–248
– sources 716
dissolved wood components, beech
magnesium acid sulfite cook 446
dissolved xylan, concentration in cooking
liquor 303–304
dissolved xylose
– as function of cooking temperature 463
– as function of HSO3
– 461
dissolving grade pulp 1009, 1022–1062
dissolving pulp
– applications 1025
– characterization 1024, 1061
– chemical composition 1026
– degradation 1056–1059
– functional groups specification 1016
– global production 11
– organic compounds 1026