Index 1343

spinnability, cellulose 1034

spiral burrs, pulp stone 1094

spiral thickenings 44

spruce

– average moisture content 125

– characterization of unbleached kraft pulp in

CBC and conventional cooking 285

– chemical composition 360, 451

– comparison of kraft cooking experiments

with predictions of selected kinetics model

225

– density and void volume 128

– diffusion coefficient 148–149

– kraft cooking selectivity plot 226, 232, 243

– lignin weight fractions 213

– pH, pulp yield and acetyl content 474

– pulp 109

– selectivity plot for different alkali ratios in

AS/AQ pulping 479

– Sivola process pulp properties 469

– stem section 55

– Visbatch® process conditions 365

– viscosity–H-factor relationship 452

spruce CBC pulp 285, 292

spruce sulfite cooks, pulp and spent liquor

compositions 448

spruce sulfite pulp, brightness increase 879

spruce wood, ASAM pulping process 59

SR see Schopper-Riegler method

stabilization, reducing end-groups 657–660

stabilized end-groups, peeling reactions 662

stacker reclaimer, boom-type 103

stages, liquor circulation 888–890

staining methods, fiber identification. 1270

stalk fibers, cell dimensions and chemical

composition 4

standard batch cooking process 229–234

– carbohydrate composition of pulp 255

– parameters 234

standard chlorine dioxide bleaching 754–759

standard grades of recovered paper and board,

European list 1203–1210

standardized Norden efficiency factor

545–546, 558

standardized outlet consistency 545

starch, wood content 30

static mixers, bleaching equipment 621–622

static ozone bleaching 800

stationary conveyor systems, log handling

97–98

Staudinger-Mark-Houwink equation

1250–1251

steam

– generation, kraft recovery boiler 985

– pressurized peroxide bleaching system

867

steam consumption, reduced with cold blow

technology 274

steam drum, kraft recovery boiler 981

steam economy, multiple-effect evaporation

978

steam mixers, atmospheric 622–623

steam pressure, effect on penetration rate

during pre-steaming 130

steaming

– acid sulfite pulping process chemistry 428

– effect on air removal 131

– impregnation 405

– kraft cooking pretreatment 129–132

steel plate conveyor, log handling 98

steeping, dissolving pulp 1026

stem section, Lophira alata 58

stem structure, wood characterization level

21

step rotor, cross section 564

stepwise degradation, effect on molecular

weight 959

steric intramolecular interactions, glycone

327

steroids, hardwoods 37

stilbene

– formation and reactions 411

– relative oxygen susceptibility 640

– softwoods 37

– structure 640

stilbene structures, resistance to chlorine

dioxide oxidation 749

stoker discharger, chip storage 104

Stokes–Einstein model, diffusion 147

Stokes’ law 582

stone groundwood 1087, 1098

– definition 1072

stones, selective removal 593

Stora processes 465, 472–475

storage

– recovered paper 1187–1190

– wood yard 69–71

streams

– around a hydrocyclone 579

– around a screen 563

strength delivery, pulp 256–257

strength F-value 1104

strength properties

– CBC pulp 293–295

– MCC® softwood pulp 297