- •Recovered Paper and Recycled Fibers
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •2006, Isbn 3-527-30997-7
- •Volume 1
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •4.1 Introduction 109
- •4.2.5.1 Introduction 185
- •4.3.1 Introduction 392
- •5.1 Introduction 511
- •6.1 Introduction 561
- •6.2.1 Introduction 563
- •6.4.1 Introduction 579
- •Volume 2
- •7.3.1 Introduction 628
- •7.4.1 Introduction 734
- •7.5.1 Introduction 777
- •7.6.1 Introduction 849
- •7.10.1 Introduction 887
- •8.1 Introduction 933
- •1 Introduction 1071
- •5 Processing of Mechanical Pulp and Reject Handling: Screening and
- •1 Introduction 1149
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •150.000 Annual Fiber Flow[kt]
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Void volume
- •Void volume fraction
- •Xylan and Fiber Morphology
- •Initial bulk residual
- •4.2.5.1 Introduction
- •In (Ai) Model concept Reference
- •Initial value
- •Validation and Application of the Kinetic Model
- •Inititial
- •Viscosity
- •Influence on Bleachability
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Introduction
- •International
- •Impregnation
- •Influence of Substituents on the Rate of Hydrolysis
- •140 116 Total so2
- •Xylonic
- •Viscosity Brightness
- •Xyl Man Glu Ara Furf hoAc XyLa
- •Initial NaOh charge [% of total charge]:
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •In 1950, about 50% of the global paper production was produced. This proportion
- •4.0% Worldwide; 4.2% for the cepi countries; and 4.8% for Germany.
- •1150 1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •Virgin fibers
- •74.4 % Mixed grades
- •Indonesia
- •Virgin fibers
- •Inhomogeneous sample Homogeneous sample
- •Variance of sampling Variance of measurement
- •1.Quartile
- •3.Quartile
- •Insoluble
- •Insoluble
- •Insoluble
- •Integral
- •In Newtonion liquid
- •Velocity
- •Increasing dp
- •2Α filter
- •0 Reaction time
- •Increasing interaction of probe and cellulose
- •Increasing hydrodynamic size
- •Vessel cell of beech
- •Initial elastic range
- •Internal flow
- •Intact structure
- •Viscosity 457
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •1292 Index
- •Visbatch® pulp 354
- •Index 1293
- •1294 Index
- •Impregnation 153
- •Viscosity–extinction 433
- •Index 1295
- •1296 Index
- •Index 1297
- •Inhibitor 789
- •1298 Index
- •Index 1299
- •Impregnation liquor 290–293
- •1300 Index
- •Industries
- •Index 1301
- •1302 Index
- •Index 1303
- •Xylose 463
- •1304 Index
- •Index 1305
- •1306 Index
- •Index 1307
- •1308 Index
- •In conventional kraft cooking 232
- •Visbatch® pulp 358
- •Index 1309
- •In prehydrolysis-kraft process 351
- •Visbatch® cook 349–350
- •1310 Index
- •Index 1311
- •1312 Index
- •Viscosity 456
- •Index 1313
- •Viscosity 459
- •Interactions 327
- •1314 Index
- •Index 1315
- •Viscosity 459
- •1316 Index
- •Index 1317
- •Xylose 461
- •Index 1319
- •Visbatch® pulp 355
- •Impregnation 151–158
- •1320 Index
- •Index 1321
- •1322 Index
- •Xylan water prehydrolysis 333
- •Index 1323
- •1324 Index
- •Viscosity 459
- •Index 1325
- •Xylose 940
- •1326 Index
- •Index 1327
- •In selected kinetics model 228–229
- •4OMeGlcA 940
- •1328 Index
- •Index 1329
- •Intermediate molecule 164–165
- •1330 Index
- •Viscosity 456
- •Index 1331
- •1332 Index
- •Impregnation liquor 290–293
- •Index 1333
- •1334 Index
- •Index 1335
- •1336 Index
- •Impregnation 153
- •Index 1337
- •1338 Index
- •Viscose process 7
- •Index 1339
- •Volumetric reject ratio 590
- •1340 Index
- •Index 1341
- •1342 Index
- •Index 1343
- •1344 Index
- •Index 1345
- •Initiator 788
- •Xylose 463
- •1346 Index
- •Index 1347
- •Vessel 385
- •Index 1349
- •1350 Index
- •Xylan 834
- •1352 Index
Index 1299
cathode lamp, atomic absorption
spectroscopy 1223
cation affinity, to cellulose 519
caustic concentration, low 952
caustic extraction 944
– dissolving pulp 1026
caustic soda 862
– pulp bleaching 1128
causticization, in-situ 994
causticizer train 989
causticizing 986–991
CBC 9, 110, 282–294, 308, 346–347, 481–482
– cooking cycle 376
– course of temperature, pressure and
effective alkali 283
– effect of [OH–] 287–289
– results 282–287
– simplified flowsheet 375
– technology and equipment 375–376
– wood component removal in comparison to
conventional cooking 286
– wood component yield–lignin yield
relation 481
– see also VisCBC
CBC process, effect of polysulfide added to
Impregnation liquor 290–293
CBC pulp, strength properties 293–295
CCE
– placement 948–949
– see also cold caustic extraction
CCOA 1237
CD see cold displacement
CE 135, 181, 434, 629, 740, 767
– acid sulfite cooking liquor analysis 433
CED, cellulose molecular weight
determination 1240
CED-intrinsic viscosity 451
CEHDED, bleaching sequence 313
cell dimensions
– agricultural fibers 4
– average 52
cell structure, wood characterization level 21
cell types 48–50
cell wall
– structure 21, 1047–1051
– ultrastructure 41–44
cell wall layers
– average thickness 43
– S2 473
– schematic illustration 41
– Transmission electron micrographs 43
cellobiose formation 665
d-cellobioside, formation 664
cellophane, global production 11
cellular UV spectroscopy 44
cellulose 11, 22, 26–27, 41, 47, 1034,
1240–1241, 1268
– acid hydrolysis 416–418
– alkali 1057
– as function of H-factor 442
– cation affinity 519
– cell wall components 41
– cellulose I 941, 1045
– cellulose II 27
– cellulose triacetate 1030
– crystalline 1012
– depolymerization 819
– dissolving pulp applications 1026
– DP see DP
– b-elimination of glycosidic bond 177
– fibrillar structure 41–42
– first indication 935
– in relation to b- and c-cellulose 443
– lattice 935, 941, 1044–1045
– molecular structure 25
– molecular weight determination 1240
– partially crystalline structure 1257–1258
– phases 26
– polymorphs 27
– production of regenerated cellulose fibers
7
– pulp fraction 440
– pulping yields 110
– purity 834, 836
– relative acid hydrolysis rates 417
– removal in CBC process 286
– solubility in alkali 1229–1230
– solvents 1025, 1240–1241
– specific consumption in selected model of
kraft cooking kinetics 221
– structure 24, 939
– supramolecular structure 25, 940
a-cellulose 10–11, 279, 322, 470–471, 811,
840, 935, 1027, 1046, 1229–1230
– as function of third stage pH and
temperature 471
– gain during HCE 952
– time dependence 953
a-cellulose content
– ozonation 811
– specific yield loss 949
b-cellulose 442–445, 934–936, 939–940, 946,
1027, 1229–1230
– molecular weight distribution 443
– weight-average molecular weight 445
b-cellulose fraction 939
1300 Index
c-cellulose 442–443, 934–936, 938–940, 946,
1229–1230
cellulose acetate, dissolving pulp
characterization 1061
cellulose bleaching 1042
cellulose chain scissions 685–687
– effect of hydroxide concentration 195
– kinetics 217
– rate 194
cellulose chains 41
– oxidative peeling 663
– stabilization 1039
cellulose-containing materials, chemical
composition 24
cellulose content
– high 1022
– in relation to tear index 294
– in softwoods and hardwoods 22
– tear index 294
cellulose degradation 720, 859
– apparent kinetic expression 686
– carbonyl groups reactions 1041
– dependence on wood species 834
– lignin effect 795
– metals 668–671
– under alkaline conditions 175
cellulose fibers 1047
– regenerated 7
cellulose fraction, DP in relation to pulp yield
for conventional and MCC® cook 256
cellulose microfibrils, bordered pits 47
cellulose products, discoloration 1027
cellulose protection 710–711, 819
– metals 668–671
cellulose pulp, viscosity measurements 1251
cellulose substrates, never-dried 1053
cellulose viscosity 1059
cellulose yield
– as function of H-factor 438
– as function of lignin yield 481
– CBC process 283
cellulose/hemicellulose ratio, pulp strength
1016
celluloseether, global production 11
centrifugal cleaning theory 579–586
– flow regime 580–581
– sedimentation 581–584
– selective separation 585–586
– underflow thickening 584–585
CEPI see Confederation of European Paper