- •Recovered Paper and Recycled Fibers
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •2006, Isbn 3-527-30997-7
- •Volume 1
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •4.1 Introduction 109
- •4.2.5.1 Introduction 185
- •4.3.1 Introduction 392
- •5.1 Introduction 511
- •6.1 Introduction 561
- •6.2.1 Introduction 563
- •6.4.1 Introduction 579
- •Volume 2
- •7.3.1 Introduction 628
- •7.4.1 Introduction 734
- •7.5.1 Introduction 777
- •7.6.1 Introduction 849
- •7.10.1 Introduction 887
- •8.1 Introduction 933
- •1 Introduction 1071
- •5 Processing of Mechanical Pulp and Reject Handling: Screening and
- •1 Introduction 1149
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •150.000 Annual Fiber Flow[kt]
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Void volume
- •Void volume fraction
- •Xylan and Fiber Morphology
- •Initial bulk residual
- •4.2.5.1 Introduction
- •In (Ai) Model concept Reference
- •Initial value
- •Validation and Application of the Kinetic Model
- •Inititial
- •Viscosity
- •Influence on Bleachability
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Introduction
- •International
- •Impregnation
- •Influence of Substituents on the Rate of Hydrolysis
- •140 116 Total so2
- •Xylonic
- •Viscosity Brightness
- •Xyl Man Glu Ara Furf hoAc XyLa
- •Initial NaOh charge [% of total charge]:
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •In 1950, about 50% of the global paper production was produced. This proportion
- •4.0% Worldwide; 4.2% for the cepi countries; and 4.8% for Germany.
- •1150 1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •Virgin fibers
- •74.4 % Mixed grades
- •Indonesia
- •Virgin fibers
- •Inhomogeneous sample Homogeneous sample
- •Variance of sampling Variance of measurement
- •1.Quartile
- •3.Quartile
- •Insoluble
- •Insoluble
- •Insoluble
- •Integral
- •In Newtonion liquid
- •Velocity
- •Increasing dp
- •2Α filter
- •0 Reaction time
- •Increasing interaction of probe and cellulose
- •Increasing hydrodynamic size
- •Vessel cell of beech
- •Initial elastic range
- •Internal flow
- •Intact structure
- •Viscosity 457
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •1292 Index
- •Visbatch® pulp 354
- •Index 1293
- •1294 Index
- •Impregnation 153
- •Viscosity–extinction 433
- •Index 1295
- •1296 Index
- •Index 1297
- •Inhibitor 789
- •1298 Index
- •Index 1299
- •Impregnation liquor 290–293
- •1300 Index
- •Industries
- •Index 1301
- •1302 Index
- •Index 1303
- •Xylose 463
- •1304 Index
- •Index 1305
- •1306 Index
- •Index 1307
- •1308 Index
- •In conventional kraft cooking 232
- •Visbatch® pulp 358
- •Index 1309
- •In prehydrolysis-kraft process 351
- •Visbatch® cook 349–350
- •1310 Index
- •Index 1311
- •1312 Index
- •Viscosity 456
- •Index 1313
- •Viscosity 459
- •Interactions 327
- •1314 Index
- •Index 1315
- •Viscosity 459
- •1316 Index
- •Index 1317
- •Xylose 461
- •Index 1319
- •Visbatch® pulp 355
- •Impregnation 151–158
- •1320 Index
- •Index 1321
- •1322 Index
- •Xylan water prehydrolysis 333
- •Index 1323
- •1324 Index
- •Viscosity 459
- •Index 1325
- •Xylose 940
- •1326 Index
- •Index 1327
- •In selected kinetics model 228–229
- •4OMeGlcA 940
- •1328 Index
- •Index 1329
- •Intermediate molecule 164–165
- •1330 Index
- •Viscosity 456
- •Index 1331
- •1332 Index
- •Impregnation liquor 290–293
- •Index 1333
- •1334 Index
- •Index 1335
- •1336 Index
- •Impregnation 153
- •Index 1337
- •1338 Index
- •Viscose process 7
- •Index 1339
- •Volumetric reject ratio 590
- •1340 Index
- •Index 1341
- •1342 Index
- •Index 1343
- •1344 Index
- •Index 1345
- •Initiator 788
- •Xylose 463
- •1346 Index
- •Index 1347
- •Vessel 385
- •Index 1349
- •1350 Index
- •Xylan 834
- •1352 Index
1322 Index
– oxygen susceptibility (relative) 640
– partial kappa numbers 724
– phenolic hydroxyl 263, 636
– phenolic hydroxyl groups 173
– phenolic polymer 31
– phenolic subunits 164
– phenylpropane building blocks 32
– PHK process 348
– photodegradation 655
– polymerized 853
– production in AQ-kraft process 323
– pteridophytes 30
– pulp bleaching 1126
– pulp fraction 440
– pulping yields 110
– para-quinone methide 164–165
– reactions with acid sulfite 407–416
– reactions with ozone 795
– reactions with peracid 881
– reactivity 634–641
– redox mechanisms 319
– relative oxygen susceptibility 640
– removal in CBC process 286
– removal rate in prehydrolysis-kraft process
348
– residual 174, 635, 704
– residual structure 173–174, 257–264
– resistant fractions 724
– selective bromination 316
– selective hydrolysis 1227
– side chain 635
– side-chain enone structures 857
– softening temperature 1081
– softwoods 22, 33
– solubilization 714
– specific consumption in selected model of
kraft cooking kinetics 221
– spermatophytes 30
– spruce 213
– structure see lignin structures
– sulfitolysis 407
– sulfonation 407–408
– syringylpropane unit 165
– topochemical distribution 61–63
– units 164, 170–172, 420
– weight fractions 213
– yield as function of H-factor 438
– see also RLCC
lignin-carbohydrate complexes 181, 258, 796
– formation and structure 171
– residual see RLCC
lignin content 1227–1228
– in relation to carbohydrate yield in alkaline
pulping 186
– in relation to wood component yields 481
– in softwoods and hardwoods 22
– residual 1014, 1033
lignin model compounds
– a-carbonyl group-containing 655
– relative oxygen susceptibility 640
lignin species, degradation during kraft
pulping 213
lignin structures 164–165, 173–174, 261–263
– b-O-4 263
– phenolic 795
– reactivity 634–641
– residual 262, 713–716
– responsible for bleaching reactivity 261
lignosulfonates, structure 415–416
lime cycle processes 990–991
lime kiln
– emission limits 1003
– schematic 991
lime mud 987
lime reburning 986–991
limiting-consistency model 517
limiting degree of polymerization 1043
linkages, frequencies in kraft residual lignin
638
liquid chromatography 1232
liquid-ring vacuum pump 977
Liquidamber styraciflua, kinetic parameters for
Xylan water prehydrolysis 333
liquor charging, acid sulfite pulping process
chemistry 428
liquor circulation 887
– implications 893–894
– schematic 889
liquor composition, AS/AQ and kraft
pulping 476
liquor cycle closure, stages 891
liquor management, advanced 366
liquor-to-wood ratio, prehydrolysis 326
liquors
– kraft cooking 113–121
– spent liquor composition 448
– see also black liquor, green liquor, orange
liquor, white liquor
LMS see laccase mediator- system
Lo-Level heat recovery system, Andritz 391
Lo-Solids™ process
– birch laboratory cooks 301–302
– dissolved lignin concentration at different
digester locations 298
Index 1323
– downflow single-vessel hydraulic digester
390
– Eucalyptus urophylla laboratory cooks
304–305
– introduction 299
– process steps and flow regime 389
– results 298–306
– single-vessel hydraulic digester 388
– technology and equipment 388–390
lobolly pine
– average moisture content 125
– lignin weight fractions 213
– photosensitized degradation 656
Lobry de Bruyn-Alberda van Ekenstein
mechanism 1233–1234
LODP see level-off DP
log handling, wood yard operations 97
log storage, wood 1076
long fiber removal, as function of short fiber
loss 592
long loop gas management 829
longitudinal diffusion
– dependency on temperature and activation
energy 140
– residual sodium fractions 139
longitudinal groundwood 1079
Lophira alata, stem section 58
low consistency discharge
– downflow reactor 625
– Metso Tower scrapers 624
low-consistency ozone bleaching 806–807
– delignification selectivity 809
low-lignin pulp, production in AQ-kraft
process 323
low molecular fraction, adsorbable organic
compounds 771
low molecular-weight components,
determination 1219–1226
low-temperature gasification 482, 992
low unbleached kappa-values 716
low-viscosity pulp 464
– sulfite cooking 957
low-volume high-concentration 372
lower cooking circulation 298
Lowest Unoccupied Molecule Orbital
– benzylium cation 409
– carbonium-oxonium ion 417
– quinone-methide 166
LUMO see Lowest Unoccupied Molecule
Orbital
LVHC see low-volume high-concentration
Lyocell dopes, discoloration 1027
Lyocell process 1022
m
+M-effect 790
macrofibrils, cellulose 41
macromolecular chains, solution viscosity
1248–1251
macromolecular composition 1227–1256
macromolecular substances, wood 22
macropores, accessibility 1054
macroscopic level, wood characterization 21
macrostructure, pulp stone 1093
magazine-type grinder, mechanical pulping
1089
magnefite process 466–467
– pH range 393
– two-stage neutral 467–468
magnesium
– protective effect 668
– stabilizing effect on hydrogen peroxide
855
magnesium acid sulfite cook, beech
435–437, 439
magnesium carbonate, cellulose protection
710–711
magnesium hydrogen sulfite
– diffusion coefficient 404
– solution 392
magnesium hydroxide, pulp bleaching 1130
magnesium oxide 879
magnolia, average moisture content 125
manganese
– distribution between fiber wall and external
solution 419
– pulp sorption as function of pH 523
– removal 862
manganese complex, model 877
mannan 834
– content 1028
– content as function of P-factor in
unbleached Visbatch® pulp 361
– dissolving pulp characterization 1061
– in relation to screened yield 362
– in relation to viscosity-to-kappa number
ratio 364
– relative acid hydrolysis rates 417
– structure 30
mannonic acid
– content in aldonic acid residues 658
– stabilization of reducing end-groups 657
mannose
– commercial paper-grade pulp 1013
– concentration development in beechwood
prehydrolysis 337–338
– content as function of H-factor 447