7. Найдите в тексте слова, соответствующие данным определениям, » переведите предложения, в которых они встречаются, на русский язык.

1. to find out if a fact someone thinks true is really true

2. to request

3. to officially state that a law, decision, contract, etc, is no longer effective

4. to come to an end because an agreed time limit has passed

5. a choice

8. Составьте предложения, используя данные слова, и словосочетания и

переведите предложения на русский язык.

offer and acceptance; invitation to offer; to enter into a contract; specified terms; to obtain an option; express offer; lapse; to revoke an offer; expire

9. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. What is an offer?

2. What must it express?

3. How many people can an offer be addressed to?

4. What types of offer can you name?

5. What is the difference between a genuine offer and an invitation to treat?

6. What essential element must an offer contain?

7. When is a contract concluded?

8. Can an offer be withdrawn by the offerer?

9. What is an option?

Text3

ACCEPTANCE

Acceptance may be defined as an unconditional assent, communicated by the offeree to the offerer, to all terms of the offer, made with the inten­tion of accepting. Whether an acceptance has in fact occurred is ascertained from the behaviour of the parties, including any correspondence that has passed between them.

The offeree must accept the exact terms proposed by the offerer uncoditionally; i.e without introducing any new terms which the offerer has not had any opportunity to consider. The introduction of new terms is re­ferred to as a "counter-offer" and its effect in law is to bring to an end the original offer.

The offeree is always free to ignore an offer completely. The offerer can attach a time-limit to his offer and may consider the offer as lapsed if has not been accepted within this time, but cannot consider the offer as accepted if there has been no rejection communicated to him within the time fixed.

A mere mental acceptance of an offer is also insufficient to complete a con­tract. As a general rule, acceptance will not be effective unless communicated to the offerer by the offeree or by someone with his or her authority. The com­munication of acceptance must be actually received by the offerer, and, where the means of communication are instantaneous (oral, telephone, telex), the contract will come into being when and where acceptance is received.

If the offerer prescribes a particular method of communicating accept­ance and makes it clear that no other method will surface, then there may be no contract if a different method is used by the offeree.

Where the offer does not prescribe a method of acceptance, the appro­priate method may be inferred from the form in which the offer is made.

Notes

acceptance - акцепт

mental acceptance — молчаливый акцепт

conditional acceptance — неопределенный акцепт/условный

акцепт

unconditional acceptance — безоговорочный, безусловный,

неограниченный условием акцепт unconditional assent - безоговорочное согласие

introduce new terms — вносить на рассмотрение/ставить новые

условия

counter-offer - встречное предложение attach a time-limit — устанавливать срок communicate (the acceptance) - сообщить об (акцепте) complete a contract - завершить контракт be effective — иметь силу instantaneous - мгновенный, моментальный, немедленный,

незамедлительный come into being — вступить в силу

prescribe a particular method of communicating acceptance - предпи­сывать определенный способ сообщения об акцепте infer a method - заключать/подразумевать

Упражнения

*10. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний.

1. безусловный акцепт; 2. условия оферты; 3. стороны (соглашения); 4. выдвигать новые условия; 5. встречное предложение; 6. перво­начальное предложение; 7. устанавливать срок оферты; 8. отказ; 9. молчаливый акцепт; 10. завершать контракт; 11. иметь силу; 12. предписывать определенный способ сообщения.

*11. Соотнесите слова в левой колонке с их определениями в правой колонке.

1. time-limit a. happening immediately

2. assent b. the longest time in which you are allowed

3. instantaneous to do something

4. to infer с approval or agreement from someone who has

5. to prescribe authority

d. to state officially what someone can and can not do or what should be done in particular situation

e. to form an opinion that something is probably true because of other information that you already know

*12. Завершите предложения, переведя слова и словосочетания в скобках.

1. One principle of English contract law is that there must be (оферта и акцепт). 2. An advertisement to sell something is not normally (рассматривается как оферта). 3. Any deviation from the (условий оферты) is called (встречная оферта) which the (первоначальный

оферент) is then free to (принять или отклонить). 4. The importance of determining which part of the transaction constitutes the (оферту) and which the (акцепт) rests on the fact that once (оферта акцептирована, контракт считается заключенным). 5. If, after this point, (одна из сторон) fails to perform his or her (обязательства), (другая сторона) may apply to the courts for legal remedy.