Intelligent manufacturing system

176 Chapter 10

1. What is the problem under discussion?

2. What is a prime generator of wealth and basis for economic growth?

3. What is meant by a feasibility study?

4. What phenomena should be taken into account by all manufacturers?

5. What is specific about future plants and manufacturing systems?

Exercise 7. Discuss the following point with your colleagues.

The goal of manufacturing at companies throughout the world is processing orders sooner and faster. The buzzwords are «lean», to describe efficient, unwasteful, less costly manufacturing; «agile», said of manufacturing system's speed in reconfiguring itself to meet changing demands; and «flexible», meaning the system's ability to adjust to customers preferences. Customer satisfaction is usually first on the list of priorities.

buzzword — а word or phrase especially related to a specialized subject, which is thought to express something important but is often hard to understand

Exercise 8. Render the following passage into Ukrainian.

The workplace has changed. Today's employers are asking workers to do more. Now workers have to manage their workstations, schedule their time, think about quality, solve problems, and apply their skills to new technologies.
Manufacturing, too, has changed. Factory employees nо longer necessarily perform routine, repetitive tasks. Because of the use of flexible automated manufacturing systems and electronically controlled (rather than mechanical) equipment,	to troubleshoot — to discover and remove cause of trouble in machines, organizations, etc.
they must process information symbolically. Instead of manufacturing parts of a machine, for example, workers must now interact with symbols on a computer. The workers must use complex diagnostic equipment for troubleshooting.

Exercise 9.

(to) manufacturemanufacturer(s)manufacturing

1. This firm ____ computers.

2. The _____ of these components is very expensive.

3. Our microwave oven didn't work, so we sent it to the ____.

4. They promise new job openings in the _____ sector.

(to) organize organization organized

5. They support a charity ____.

6. You should ____ a conference next year.

7. You have to ____ your facts first in order to make a good speech.

8. What a well- _____ structure it is!

precise precision precisely

9. The train is supposed to come at about 11 a.m., 11.05, to be ______

10. _____ instruments are widely used nowadays.

11. Tell me ____ what you want.

12. — You advise me to wait a little?

Chapter 10 177

Exercise 10. Read the text and answer the questions about it.

Isaac Newton (1642 — 1727) was born in England. Newton set modern physics on its feet by deriving laws showing how objects move on the Earth and in space, and by finding the law that describes gravity. For many years he developed his ideas about the nature of motion and about gravitation. In order to derive them mathematically, he invented calculus. Newton long withheld publishing his results, possibly out of shyness. Finally, Edmond Halley, whose name we associate with the famous comet, persuaded Newton to publish his works. A few years later, in 1687, the «Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica» (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) was published. He built the first reflecting telescope in 1668, and used it to study how the planets move.

Newton's most intellectually fertile years were those right after his graduation from college when he returned home to the country. Newton was a professor of mathematics at Cambridge University, later in life went into government service. His tomb in Westminster Abbey bears the epitaph: «Mortals, congratulate yourselves that so great a man has lived for the honor of the human race». Newton made many discoveries that are part of modern science. Even now scientists still refer to «Newton's laws of motion», «Newtonian telescopes», «Newton's laws of gravitation». Scientists measure the force due to gravity in units called newtons.

1. What is the best title for the passage?

a. Newtonian telescope

b. Great invention

c. Isaac Newton

d. Edmond Halley

2. According to the author, Newton worked most productively

a. as a professor at Cambridge University

b. during his government service

c. while studying at college

d. right after graduation from college

3. It can be inferred from the passage that Isaac Newton

a. did not publish Principia in 1687

b. published his works together with Halley

c. wanted to publish his works as soon as possible

d. was probably a modest person

4. According to the passage Isaac Newton build his reflecting telescope at the age of

a. 40

b. 26

c. 28

d. 36

5. The passage was probably written by a specialist in

a. geology

b. geography

c. ecology

d. astronomy