- •О. М. Ільченко
- •Introduction 3
- •4 Introduction
- •Позначення, якi зустрiчаються у книзi
- •Contents
- •Introduction
- •6 Contents
- •8 Chapter 1
- •Types of Science Products
- •10 Chapter
- •12 Chapter 1
- •Grammar: articles and their usage
- •General usage of articles:
- •14 Chapter 1 articles used with certain expressions
- •Articles with proper names
- •16 Chapter 1
- •18 Chapter 1
- •20 Chapter 1
- •22 Chapter 1
- •Noteworthy
- •24 Chapter 2
- •26 Chapter 2 grammar: expression of quantity.
- •I. Large quantity
- •Other expressions denoting large quantity:
- •II. Small quantity
- •28 Chapter 2
- •Other expressions:
- •Mind other expressions:
- •30 Chapter 2
- •Borrowed plural forms:
- •32 Chapter 2
- •By learning the prefixes you will understand the meaning of words.
- •34 Chapter 2
- •36 Chapter 2
- •38 Chapter 2
- •Noteworthy
- •40 Chapter 3
- •42 Chapter 3 grammar: system of tenses
- •44 Chapter 3 simple future (Future Indefinite)
- •46 Chapter 3
- •48 Chapter 3
- •Sequence of Tenses (Reported Speech)
- •50 Chapters 3
- •52 Chapter 3
- •Comment on these graphs:
- •54 Chapter 3
- •56 Chapter 3
- •Noteworthy
- •58 Chapter 4
- •60 Chapter 4
- •Grammar: structure of english sentence
- •62 Chapter 4
- •Logical connectors
- •Additional Information
- •64 Chapter 4
- •Exemplification
- •Summary
- •Contrast
- •66 Chapter 4
- •Purpose
- •Concession
- •68 Chapter 4 reason, cause and effect (result)
- •Expression of comparison
- •70 Chapter 4
- •Double comparative
- •Irregular formation
- •72 Chapter 4
- •74 Chapter 4
- •76 Chapter 4
- •78 Chapter 4
- •80 Chapter 4 Noteworthy
- •82 Chapter 5
- •84 Chapter 5 grammar: mood. Expression of conditions
- •Semantic types of conditional sentences
- •Real conditions
- •Unreal conditions
- •86 Chapter 5
- •Other expressions denoting conditions:
- •88 Chapter 5
- •90 Chapter 5
- •92 Chapter 5
- •94 Chapter 5
- •Noteworthy:
- •Internet
- •98 Chapter 6
- •100 Chapters
- •102 Chapters grammar: modal verbs and their equivalents (phrasal modals)
- •Modal verbs
- •104 Chapter 6
- •106 Chapter 6
- •108 Chapter6
- •110 Chapter 6
- •Acronyms and Initialisms
- •112 Chapter 6
- •114 Chapter 6
- •Noteworthy
- •116 Chapter 6
- •Interactive Multimedia English Suffixes
- •118 Chapter 7
- •Translate Ukrainian sentences, then match the two columns:
- •120 Chapter 7 grammar: the passive voice
- •Subject object
- •The passive is usually used:
- •1. Indirect Passive:
- •2. Prepositional Passive
- •122 Chapter 7 Other ways of expressing passive:
- •The passive is usually found with the following verbs and set phrases:
- •124 Chapter7
- •126 Chapter 7
- •Adjective suffixes
- •Verb suffixes
- •Noun suffixes
- •1. Make nouns from these words:
- •2. Make verbs from these words:
- •3. Make adjectives from these words:
- •128 Chapter7
- •130 Chapter 7
- •134 Chapter 8 grammar: verbals (Non-Finite Forms of the Verbs) participle
- •Verbals are:
- •Participle
- •Perfect Participle
- •Participles in a Sentence (a,b,c)
- •136 Chapters
- •Participal constructions
- •138 Chapters other constructions
- •140 Chapter 8
- •142 Chapter 8
- •144 Chapter 8
- •Noteworthy
- •146 Chapter 8
- •Alchemy
- •148 Chapter 9
- •Fossil fuels
- •150 Chapter 9
- •World Energy Consumption — 1970
- •154 Chapter 9 Constructions with the Infinitive
- •156 Chapter 9
- •158 Chapter 9
- •1. Green Products
- •160 Chapter 9
- •162 Chapter 9
- •164 Chapter 9
- •Noteworthy
- •166 Chapter 10
- •168 Chapter 10
- •170 Chapter 10
- •Constructions with gerund
- •172 Chapter 10
- •174 Chapter 10
- •I scored highest in _____________________________________
- •Intelligent manufacturing system
- •176 Chapter 10
- •178 Chapter 10
- •Noteworthy
- •How to Speak in Public
- •184 Chapter 11 grammar: emphasis
- •186 Chapter 11
- •188 Chapter 11
- •The Ax Story
- •A checklist for information age
- •190 Chapter 11
- •192 Chapter 11
- •II about you
- •196 Appendix II
- •198 Appendix III
- •Abstract (a short summary of a paper)
- •За змістом та методами дослідження
- •200 Appendix IV
- •Conference mini-vocabulary
- •202 Appendix IV
- •Basic criteria regarding the level of papers
- •Registration form
- •Please complete in block letters (type or print)
- •204 Appendix V
- •Tips on resume writing
- •Types of questions
- •1. General questions
- •2. Special question
- •3. Alternative questions
- •206 Appendix VI
- •4. Disjunctive questions
- •Verbs make and do
- •208 Appendix VIII
- •Irregular verbs
- •210 Appendix IX, X
- •Frequency scale
- •Probability scale
- •Toefl: first steps
- •Tips on Section 1
- •212 Appendix XI
- •214 Appendix XI
- •Tips on Section 2
- •Checklist for Section 2
- •218 Appendix XI
- •Test of written English (twe)
- •Tips on twe
- •Sample essay
- •220 Final Test Final Test
- •120 Questions
- •I. Read the passage and choose the one best answer to each question.
- •II. Complete the following sentences
- •222 Final Test
- •224 Final Test
- •226 Final Test
- •III. Choose the one word or phrase that best keeps the meaning of the original sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word or phrase.
- •228 Final Test
- •230 Final Test
- •232 Final Test
- •234 Answer key answer key chapter 1
- •Chapter 2
- •Chapter 3
- •236 Answer key
- •Chapter 4
- •Chapter 5
- •Chapter 6
- •238 Answer key chapter 7
- •Chapter 8
- •Chapter 9
- •Chapter 10
- •Chapter 11
- •240 Answer key
- •Final test
- •241 Л1тература
- •Словники
- •Навчальне видання Ільченко Ольга Михайлівна Англійська мова для науковців
Exemplification
for example for instance to illustrate an example of this a case in point e.g. наприклад
specifically especially particularly in particular зокрема
i.e. = that is тобто
in other words to put it another way інакше кажучи
namely а саме |
The steps for saving your computer file are quite simple. | ||
To illustrate For example For instance |
I will show you how to save the file you have just created. | ||
Зберегти файл у комп'ютері дуже просто. Наприклад, зараз я покажу вам, як зберегти щойно створений файл.
Не is very difficult to get along with. A case in point occurred today. З ним дуже важко порозумітися. Наприклад, сьогодні трапився такий випадок.
We still need to arrange several details. | |||
Specifically In particular |
we have to get all the necessary information. | ||
Нам все ще треба з'ясувати декілька деталей. Зокрема, нам треба отримати всю необхідну інформацію.
The book dealt with traveling. | |||
That is Namely In other words |
it discussed climate, language, food in Japan. | ||
Книга була присвячена подорожам. Інакше кажучи (а саме) у ній розглядалися питання клімату, мови, їжi в Японії. |
Chapter 4 65
Summary
to sum up in summary summing it (all) up in sum to summarize to conclude in conclusion підсумовуючи
on the whole all in all in general generally speaking загалом
in brief briefly in short in a word *in a nutshell коротше кажучи |
| |
In summary Summing it up In conclusion To summarize |
the findings of the research to date suggest that not all answers have been found. | |
Підсумовуючи результата дослідження, можна сказати, що знайдені ще не всі відповіді на запитання.
| ||
On the whole In general All in all |
the new approach can be beneficial in several ways. | |
Загалом, новий підхід може бути корисним з декількох точок зору. | ||
In brief In a word In a nutshell |
we had to start it all over again. | |
Коротше кажучи, треба було починати все знову. |
Contrast
but yet however nevertheless nonetheless still але, зате, проте
on the one hand ... з одного боку on the other hand з іншого боку ...
on the contrary alternatively (yet) conversely однак, з іншого боку, навпаки
unlike на відміну
rather than а не
otherwise протилежний |
Human soon will be able to travel through space. | ||
However But Still Nevertheless |
he will never be able to conquer it. | ||
Людина скоро зможе подорожувати у космічному просторі. Однак (але) вона ніколи не зможе його підкорити.
Although urban development destroys the ecological balance, it | |||
on the other hand on the contrary |
provides needed employment for many people. | ||
Хоча урбанізація руйнує екологічний баланс, однак (з іншого боку) вона створює необхідні для багатьох людей робочі місця.
Unlike Paul, Tom always comes on time. На відміну від Пола, Том завжди приходить вчасно.
The decision was taken for ecological rather than economic reasons. Рішення було прийняте виходячи з екологічних, а не економічних міркувань.
Не says he is right but I think otherwise. Biн каже, що правий, але я так не думаю (маю протилежну думку). |